PEOPLE OF MI V FREDERICK LOVELACE
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
UNPUBLISHED
July 30, 2002
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 236678
Wayne Circuit Court
LC No. 00-012945
FREDERICK LOVELACE,
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: Gage, P.J., and Cavanagh and Wilder, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals by leave granted an order sentencing him to three years’ probation and
restitution of $340,000 plus seven percent interest for extortion, MCL 750.213. Defendant was
originally charged with extortion, MCL 750.213, and possession of a firearm during the
commission of a felony, MCL 750.227b. Defendant and the prosecuting attorney entered into a
plea bargain and sentence agreement under which defendant pleaded no contest to the extortion
charge. In exchange for defendant’s plea, the felony-firearm charge was dropped, and defendant
was to receive three years’ probation and pay restitution of “$340,000 plus 7% interest.”
At sentencing, defendant asserted that his understanding of the sentence agreement was
that the restitution to be paid was $340,000, plus seven percent interest from the date of
sentencing. The prosecutor contended that the restitution was the original amount of money
extorted, $340,000, plus seven percent interest from the time the victim paid defendant the
money, i.e., various times during the period from 1984 to 2000, amounting to $781,436.
On appeal, defendant argues that he should either be granted specific performance of the
sentence agreement as he interprets it, or to be allowed to withdraw his plea because he did not
enter into it knowingly and voluntarily. We disagree. The trial court’s decision whether to allow
the withdrawal of a plea is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. People v Wilhite, 240 Mich App
587, 594; 618 NW2d 386 (2000). An abuse of discretion is shown when an unprejudiced person,
considering the facts on which the trial court acted, would conclude that there was no
justification for the trial court’s ruling. People v Ullah, 216 Mich App 669, 673; 550 NW2d 568
(1996).
Plea bargains and sentence agreements are well-established practices in Michigan
jurisprudence. See MCR 6.302; People v Siebert, 450 Mich 500, 510; 537 NW2d 891 (1995);
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People v Killebrew, 416 Mich 189, 206-207; 330 NW2d 834 (1982); People v Johnson, 210
Mich App 630, 632; 534 NW2d 255 (1995). When a prosecutor and a defendant agree to a
specific sentence disposition in exchange for a plea, the court can either accept, reject, or defer
action on the plea agreement until the court has considered the presentence investigation report.
MCR 6.302(C)(3); Johnson, supra. If the court determines that the sentence is inappropriate, the
court must reject the plea and inform the defendant that it will not abide by the agreement. The
defendant may then withdraw the plea. Siebert, supra at 503-504; Johnson, supra.
The court must be convinced that the defendant’s plea is understanding, voluntary, and
accurate before it may accept it. First, to ensure that the plea is understandingly made, the court
must inform the defendant of the name of the offense, the maximum possible prison sentence,
and the rights that are waived by the tendering of the plea. Next, to ensure that the plea is
voluntary, the court must ask the prosecutor and the defendant what the terms of the plea are and
whether the defendant is making the plea of his own free choice. Finally, to ensure that the plea
is accurate, the court must establish support for a finding that the defendant is guilty of the
offense charged or to which the defendant is pleading. See MCR 6.302. “Once the court accepts
the plea induced by the agreement, the terms of the agreement must be fulfilled.” Johnson,
supra. Under MCR 6.310(B), a defendant may, on motion, be allowed to withdraw his plea if
(1) withdrawal is “in the interest of justice,” and (2) withdrawal will not “substantially prejudice
the prosecutor because of reliance on the plea.” The defendant must state a fair and just reason
for withdrawing the plea. Wilhite, supra.
Here, defendant argues that he should be allowed to withdraw his plea because there was
not a meeting of the minds in the plea bargain and sentence agreement as to the amount of
restitution. However, under the Crime Victim’s Rights Act (CVRA), MCL 780.751, and the
Michigan Constitution, Const 1963, art 1, § 24, the victim of a crime is entitled to restitution for
losses incurred from the defendant’s course of criminal conduct. See, also, People v Law, 459
Mich 419, 423-424, n 6; 591 NW2d 20 (1999). Since May 1, 1994, the CVRA has mandated
restitution. See People v Ronowski, 222 Mich App 58, 60-61; 564 NW2d 466 (1997). “Because
restitution is now mandatory, it is no longer open to negotiation during the plea-bargaining or
sentence-bargaining process, and defendants are on notice that restitution will be part of their
sentences.” Id. at 61. Defendant was apprehended in 2000 and sentenced in 2001. Therefore,
defendant was on notice that full restitution would be part of his sentence, regardless of the plea
bargain. Defendant’s reliance on People v Schluter, 204 Mich App 60; 514 NW2d 489 (1994),
superceded by statute as stated in Ronowski, supra at 60, is therefore misplaced. Michigan law
now requires full restitution of the victim’s losses, regardless of the terms of the plea bargain or
sentence agreement. Such restitution includes interest accrued from the date of loss. Law, supra
at 424-425, 428. In this case, the interest rate was a negotiated term of the plea bargain,
therefore, defendant has failed to state a fair and just reason for withdrawing the plea. See
Wilhite, supra.
Defendant also claims that his acceptance of the plea bargain was not voluntary and
knowing. The trial court carried out the requirements of MCR 6.302, and determined that
defendant’s no contest plea to extortion in exchange for a sentence of three years’ probation,
dismissal of the felony-firearm charge, and restitution to the victim was knowing and voluntary.
Defendant stipulated to the underlying facts of his conviction. Here, defendant does not claim
that he was, in fact, innocent or that he has a defense to the charges. See Wilhite, supra at 596.
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Defendant and his attorney’s incorrect interpretation of the plea bargain as it was stated on the
written and oral record is insufficient to show that the plea was involuntary. See id. at 596-597.
Likewise, defendant’s subjective dissatisfaction with the terms of the plea agreement, as it must
be interpreted under Michigan law, is not grounds for withdrawing his plea. See id. at 597.
Furthermore, even if defendant had presented a fair and just reason for withdrawing his
plea, the prosecutor has demonstrated substantial prejudice. The IRS and FBI, who were sharing
information about defendant with the state, closed their files and stopped investigating defendant
after defendant agreed to pay restitution to the victim. Therefore, the prosecutor can show
substantial prejudice to the case because of reliance on the plea bargain and sentence agreement.
See id. at 594. In sum, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant’s motion
to withdraw his plea.
In the alternative, defendant requests specific performance of the plea and sentence
agreement as he interprets it. Such specific performance of the sentence agreement would not
comply with the CVRA requirement of full restitution to the victim. Therefore, defendant is not
entitled to specific performance of the plea bargain and sentence agreement as he interprets it.
Affirmed.
/s/ Hilda R. Gage
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Kurtis T. Wilder
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