PEOPLE OF MI V ROBERT RONALD SEIDERS
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
FOR PUBLICATION
December 4, 2003
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 242162
Genesee Circuit Court
LC No. 02-009457-FH
ROBERT RONALD SEIDERS,
Defendant-Appellant.
Updated Copy
February 13, 2004
Before: Sawyer, P.J., and Griffin and Smolenski, JJ.
SMOLENSKI, J.
Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of operating and maintaining a
methamphetamine laboratory (count I), MCL 333.7401c(2)(a); operating and maintaining a
methamphetamine laboratory near a residence (count II), MCL 333.7401c(2)(d); possession of
marijuana (count III), MCL 333.7403(2)(d); maintaining a drug house (count IV), MCL
333.7405(1)(d); and possession of methamphetamine (count V), MCL 333.7403(2)(b)(i).
Defendant was sentenced to prison terms of 78 to 180 months on count I, 78 to 360 months on
count II, 12 months on count III, 4 to 20 months on count IV, and 78 to 180 months on count V.
Defendant appeals as of right. We affirm defendant's convictions, but remand for a modification
of his judgment of sentence.
I
At the time defendant was arrested for the instant offenses, he was on parole from a
Missouri sentence for possession of methamphetamine. The trial court considered the instant
sentences to be consecutive and did not give defendant credit for time served in jail before
sentencing. Defendant argues that because he was on parole from a foreign jurisdiction, and the
court was without jurisdiction to credit that sentence with his time served before sentencing in
this case, the court should have credited his sentences in the instant case. As support, defendant
cites People v Johnson, 205 Mich App 144; 517 NW2d 273 (1994), which the prosecution
concedes is controlling.
In Johnson, supra at 145, the defendant was convicted of a drug offense in Michigan. At
the time, he had been on parole from a Louisiana sentence. Id. at 146. MCL 769.11b provides:
Whenever any person is hereafter convicted of any crime within this state
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and has served any time in jail prior to sentencing because of being denied or
unable to furnish bond for the offense which he is convicted, the trial court in
imposing sentence shall specifically grant credit against the sentence for such
time served in jail prior to sentencing.
In determining that the defendant was entitled to credit against his Michigan sentence, the
Johnson Court reasoned:
Had Johnson been on parole from a sentence imposed in Michigan, the
credit would properly have been applied to the paroled offense. People v Watts,
186 Mich App 686, 687-690; 464 NW2d 715 (1991). A defendant who has
received a consecutive sentence is not entitled to credit against the subsequent
sentence for time served; rather, any such credit should be applied against the first
sentence. Id. at 687. When a parolee violates parole, he becomes liable to serve
out the unexpired portion of maximum imprisonment for the paroled offense.
MCL 791.238(2); MSA 28.2308(2). That unexpired portion must be served
before a sentence for a second offense may begin. MCL 768.7a(2); MSA
28.1030(1)(2). Accordingly, time spent in custody normally is credited against
the unexpired portion of the defendant's paroled sentence. If the parolee also
received credit toward the second offense, he would in effect be receiving double
credit for that period. Watts, supra at 688-689.
In this case, however, the court is without jurisdiction to order Louisiana
to grant credit toward the paroled offense. Therefore, to comply with § 11b, the
credit must be applied toward the instant offense. The concern that applying the
credit toward the instant offense will result in double credit assumes that
Louisiana will also grant credit for the time spent in custody in this state. Even if
this assumption is correct, the mandatory language of § 11b permits no exception
to be made. [Johnson, supra at 146-147.]
The Johnson Court was correct in pointing out that the sentencing credit provision in
MCL 769.11b is mandatory, given the statute's use of the word "shall." Roberts v Mecosta Co
Gen Hosp, 466 Mich 57, 65; 642 NW2d 663 (2002). This means that a defendant is entitled to a
sentencing credit if he has been "denied or unable to furnish bond." MCL 769.11b (emphasis
added). However, when a defendant is held in jail because of a parole detainer, bond is neither
set nor denied, a point that the panel in Johnson apparently did not consider. The hold placed on
the defendant renders the question of bond a nonissue. Therefore, we would find that MCL
769.11b is not applicable.
Because Michigan courts are without jurisdiction to credit a sentence imposed by a
foreign jurisdiction, we believe that the panel in Johnson, supra, was incorrect in concluding that
the trial court erred in not crediting the defendant's Michigan sentence. Were it not for the
precedential effect of the Johnson decision, we would conclude that defendant in the instant case
is not entitled to a sentencing credit. But because this panel is bound by Johnson, MCR
7.215(J)(2), we must conclude that the trial court erred in not crediting defendant's sentences for
the time he spent in jail before sentencing on the instant offenses. Accordingly, we remand this
case for a modification of defendant's judgment of sentence.
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II
Defendant also argues that the trial court erred in concluding that he was not denied
effective assistance of counsel and in denying his request for a new trial at the Ginther1 hearing.
Defendant contends that Lieutenant Cunningham used the defendant's emotional attachment to
his wife to gain the confession and asserts that he told defense counsel that the statement he gave
to the police was coerced, yet defense counsel never moved to have the statement suppressed.
A trial court's decision to grant a new trial is reviewed on appeal for an abuse of
discretion. People v Jones, 236 Mich App 396, 404; 600 NW2d 652 (1999). The determination
of whether a defendant has been deprived of the effective assistance of counsel presents a mixed
question of fact and constitutional law. The court must first find the facts and then decide
whether those facts constitute a violation of the defendant's constitutional right to effective
assistance of counsel. The trial court's factual findings are reviewed for clear error, while its
constitutional determinations are reviewed de novo. People v LeBlanc, 465 Mich 575, 579; 640
NW2d 246 (2002).
After taking testimony at the Ginther hearing from defendant, defense counsel, and Lt.
Cunningham, the trial court noted that there was a factual dispute regarding whether defendant
told his counsel that the statement was coerced. The court also recognized that, in effect, the
hearing was a Walker2 hearing, that Lt. Cunningham testified the same as he did at trial, and that
on the basis of the testimony it would not have suppressed the statement had defense counsel
moved to suppress it before trial. The court concluded that defendant could not prove prejudice,
and, therefore, failed to carry his burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel.
Generally, to establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show: (1) that
counsel's performance was below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing
professional norms; (2) that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's error, the
result of the proceedings would have been different, Bell v Cone, 535 US 685, 695; 122 S Ct
1843; 152 L Ed 2d 914 (2002); People v Toma, 462 Mich 281, 302-303; 613 NW2d 694 (2000);
and (3) that the resultant proceedings were fundamentally unfair or unreliable, People v Rodgers,
248 Mich App 702, 714; 645 NW2d 294 (2001). Effective assistance of counsel is presumed,
and the defendant bears a heavy burden of proving otherwise. LeBlanc, supra at 578.
We agree that defendant has failed to prove that his counsel was ineffective. Even if
defense counsel's performance was deficient for failing to request a Walker hearing, the trial
court concluded that had a Walker hearing been held before trial, it would not have suppressed
the statement. Therefore, the evidence at trial would have been no different. Also, even if the
statement had been suppressed, the evidence supporting the charges was overwhelming.
Accordingly, defendant failed to prove prejudice. As a result, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in denying defendant's motion for a new trial.
1
People v Ginther, 390 Mich 436; 212 NW2d 922 (1973).
2
People v Walker (On Rehearing), 374 Mich 331; 132 NW2d 87 (1965).
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Convictions affirmed, but case is remanded for a modification of defendant's judgment of
sentence. We do not retain jurisdiction. Because of our disagreement with Johnson, supra, we
recommend that this case be submitted to a special conflict panel pursuant to MCR 7.215(J)(3).
/s/ Michael R. Smolenski
/s/ David H. Sawyer
/s/ Richard Allen Griffin
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