GSI COMMERCE SOLUTIONS VS. COMP GORDON (TAMMY), ET AL.
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RENDERED: JULY 16, 2010; 10:00 A.M.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2009-CA-002270-WC
GSI COMMERCE SOLUTIONS
v.
APPELLANT
PETITION FOR REVIEW OF A DECISION
OF THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
ACTION NO. WC-07-74737
TAMMY GORDON;
R. SCOTT BORDERS, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE;
AND WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
APPELLEES
OPINION
AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON AND NICKELL, JUDGES; LAMBERT,1 SENIOR JUDGE.
NICKELL, JUDGE: GSI Commerce Solutions (GSI) has petitioned for review of
an opinion of the Workers’ Compensation Board (Board) entered on November 6,
1
Senior Judge Joseph E. Lambert sitting as Special Judge by assignment of the Chief Justice
pursuant to Section 110(5)(b) of the Kentucky Constitution and Kentucky Revised Statutes
(KRS) 21.580.
2009, which affirmed the Administrative Law Judge’s (ALJ) May 15, 2009,
opinion, order and award of benefits to Tammy Gordon. We affirm.
Gordon was employed by GSI as a laborer. Her duties involved
selecting products from a list, retrieving the parts, and placing them in bin boxes
for delivery to other workers. On August 31, 2007, Gordon sustained a workrelated injury when she cut her left arm on a wooden pallet while reaching for a
box. Gordon immediately cleaned the wound, bandaged it, returned to work, and
notified her supervisor of the incident. The wound became infected and Gordon
sought treatment at Baptistworx on September 4, 2007. She was diagnosed with
contact dermatitis and was referred to Dr. Stephen Smith, a dermatologist.
Dr. Smith observed that Gordon had developed oozing and crusting of
the skin in the area of the initial wound. Following testing, he found Gordon to
have allergic skin reactions to several substances found in industrial products,
wood preservatives, adhesives, and rubber products. He opined Gordon should
refrain from the use of normal bandages as they contained some of the substances
to which Gordon was allergic. Dr. Smith surmised that Gordon had an initial
contact dermatitis resulting from the treatment of the initial injury. He noted a rash
and scaly patches of skin on Gordon’s left arm near the original injury site, as well
as on her back and abdomen. Dr. Smith also noted Gordon tested positive for
MRSA, a serious staphylococcus infection. He referred Gordon to Dr. Joseph
Fowler for a second opinion.
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Following a visit on October 24, 2007, Dr. Fowler found Gordon to
have positive skin reactions to neomycin, bacitracin, and benzalkonium chloride,
all of which are found in antibiotic creams, ointments, or sterilizing agents. Dr.
Fowler referred Gordon to Dr. Duane Banet of the Dermatology Center.
Dr. Banet noted Gordon had a rash near the wound which had
persisted for five months and was spreading up her arm to her torso. He found her
to have weeping erosions and edematous. He diagnosed Gordon with contact
dermatitis and underlying cellulitis secondary to MRSA. He believed the
dermatitis was caused by an allergic reaction to the topical antibiotic applied to the
initial wound. However, Dr. Banet opined her cellulitis resulted directly from the
original injury. After a series of treatments, Gordon’s wound began to improve
under his care. Gordon was additionally diagnosed with scabies and was treated
for this malady by Dr. Banet.
Because her symptoms were not resolving properly, Gordon was
referred to University Radiological Associates for an x-ray examination which was
conducted on June 10, 2008. The films were deemed as normal and a three-phase
bone scan was recommended. Dr. Jules Barefoot interpreted the results of the bone
scan as being consistent with complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS), also
known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD).2 Following his physical
2
The condition currently known as CRPS was first described during the American Civil War
and named causalgia. The disorder was renamed as RSD sometime in the early 1940’s to reflect
the then-current theories and understanding of the condition. Based on a better understanding of
the underlying pathophysiology, the condition was renamed CRPS in 1993 with causaglia and
RSD as subtypes of the disorder.
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examination of Gordon, he diagnosed her with RSD, which he attributed to
Gordon’s work-related injury. Dr. Barefoot assigned Gordon a fifty-three percent
whole-body impairment based on his diagnosis.
Dr. Richard DuBou, a hand surgeon and RSD expert, performed an
independent medical examination (IME) of Gordon on October 7, 2008. Dr.
DuBou disagreed with Dr. Barefoot’s diagnosis, finding it was not supported by
the objective criteria set forth in the American Medical Association’s Guides to the
Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (“AMA Guides”). He found no radiographic
evidence of RSD and likewise noted the absence of atrophy or osteoporosis in her
left upper extremity, all of which he believed should be present to support a
diagnosis of CPRS. However, because of Gordon’s self-limited range of motion
based on her pain complaints, Dr. DuBou assigned her a four percent whole-body
impairment rating.
At a Benefit Review Conference, the parties stipulated to: coverage
under the Workers’ Compensation Act; existence of the employment relationship;
existence of the injury; proper notice to the employer; payment of temporary total
disability (TTD) benefits from September 11, 2007 to March 18, 2008; payment by
the employer of certain medical expenses; Gordon’s average weekly wage; Gordon
had not returned to work; and personal information about Gordon including her
birthdate and that she was a high school graduate with no specialized training. The
contested issues were: whether Gordon suffered an “injury” as defined by the Act;
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work-relatedness and causation of her injury; entitlement to additional TTD
benefits; entitlement to medical benefits; extent and duration of Gordon’s
disability; and the application of any statutory multipliers.
Gordon testified by deposition and in person at the final hearing. She
admitted to having suffered from skin conditions for which she had received
treatment. However, she stated all of her prior issues had resolved in due time and
none were active at the time of her injury on the job. She described how the injury
occurred and stated that the following morning her arm was broken out in a rash.
She stated she still suffered from the effects of the injury, including continued
severe pain in her left arm, problems gripping or using the arm for any purpose,
and continuing to require the use of pain medication. She stated her condition was
not improving.
Medical records were introduced from Dr. Smith, Baptistworx, Dr.
Fowler, University Radiological Associates, the Family Health Center,3 Dr. Banet,
Dr. DuBou, and Dr. Barefoot. GSI argued the medical records indicated Gordon
suffered from pre-existing cellulitis for which she had received regular treatments
and that the August 31, 2007, injury was a minor incident which had resolved.
Thus, GSI believed Gordon’s injury was noncompensable.
On May 15, 2009, after reviewing the medical records, the lay
testimony and observing Gordon’s injury at the final hearing, the ALJ entered his
3
Gordon was treated for her prior skin conditions at the Family Health Center. GSI introduced
these records for the purpose of proving Gordon’s pre-existing conditions and prior diagnoses of
cellulitis.
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opinion and award finding Gordon had met her burden of proving she suffered
from a work-related injury on August 31, 2007, which had developed into CRPS as
diagnosed by Dr. Barefoot. The ALJ rejected GSI’s argument regarding Gordon’s
pre-existing condition, specifically finding a lack of proof that she had an active,
ongoing condition on the date of her injury. The ALJ awarded Gordon TTD
benefits from September 1, 2007, through August 11, 2008, permanent partial
disability (PPD) benefits for 520 weeks beginning on August 12, 2008, applied the
three-times multiplier pursuant to KRS 342.730(1)(c)(1), and awarded medical
benefits. GSI’s petition for reconsideration of the award was denied. GSI
appealed to the Board which affirmed the ALJ’s award in a twenty-nine page
opinion entered on November 6, 2009. This appeal followed.
GSI now contends Gordon failed to meet her burden of proof, the ALJ
erred in failing to properly weigh and consider Gordon’s prior, pre-existing
conditions, and the Board erred in affirming the ALJ’s award. After a careful
review of the record, we affirm.
Our function when reviewing a decision made by the Board “is to
correct the Board only where the the (sic) Court perceives the Board has
overlooked or misconstrued controlling statutes or precedent, or committed an
error in assessing the evidence so flagrant as to cause gross injustice.” Western
Baptist Hospital v. Kelly, 827 S.W.2d 685, 684-88 (Ky. 1992). Thus, the “standard
of review with regard to a judicial appeal of an administrative decision is limited to
determining whether the decision was erroneous as a matter of law.” McNutt
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Construction/First General Services v. Scott, 40 S.W.3d 854, 860 (Ky. 2001)
(citing American Beauty Homes v. Louisville & Jefferson County Planning and
Zoning Commission, 379 S.W.2d 450, 457 (Ky. 1964)).
It is undisputed Gordon suffered a work-related injury to her left arm.
It is also undisputed she had pre-existing cellulitis. No evidence was produced
indicating her degenerative changes were symptomatic prior to her work-related
injury, nor that the changes were impairment ratable immediately prior to the
incident. “[T]he burden of proving the existence of a pre-existing condition falls
upon the employer.” Finley v. DBM Technologies, 217 S.W.3d 261, 265 (Ky.
App. 2007) (citing Wolf Creek Collieries v. Crum, 673 S.W.2d 735, 736 (Ky. App.
1984)). It is well-established that “where work-related trauma causes a dormant
degenerative condition to become disabling and to result in a functional
impairment, the trauma is the proximate cause of the harmful change; hence, the
harmful change comes within the definition of an injury.” McNutt Construction,
40 S.W.3d at 859. If an impairment is both asymptomatic and not impairment
ratable prior to the work-related injury, it is classified as a pre-existing dormant
condition. Finley, 217 S.W.3d at 265. When such a condition “is aroused into
disabling reality by a work-related injury, any impairment or medical expense
related solely to the pre-existing condition is compensable.” Id. This has been the
law of the Commonwealth since 1924. See Robinson Petit Co. v. Workers’
Compensation Board, 201 Ky. 719, 258 S.W.2d 318 (1924).
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Our review of the record compels us to hold the Board was correct in
finding GSI failed to prove Gordon’s pre-existing condition was active and
impairment ratable immediately prior to her August 31, 2007, work injury. As
correctly noted by the Board, the ALJ has sole authority to determine the weight,
credibility, substance and inferences to be drawn from the evidence, Paramount
Foods, Inc. v. Burkhardt, 695 S.W.2d 418 (Ky. 1985), and the ALJ may believe
part of the evidence and disbelieve other parts, whether the evidence comes from
the same witness or the same parties’ total proof. Caudill v. Maloney’s Discount
Stores, 560 S.W.2d 15 (Ky. 1977). We also agree with the Board that the ALJ’s
decision was supported by substantial evidence and thus was not in error. Special
Fund v. Francis, 708 S.W.2d 641 (Ky. 1986). The mere fact that evidence was
introduced that would support a conclusion contrary to that of the ALJ is
insufficient to mandate reversal of an award. McCloud v. Beth-Elkhorn Corp., 514
S.W.2d 46 (Ky. 1974). GSI’s argument to the contrary is without merit. Thus, we
are unable to conclude the Board erred in affirming the ALJ.
Finally, GSI contends Dr. Barefoot was not provided with Gordon’s
complete medical history prior to diagnosing her with RSD and that he was
unaware of her previous problems with contact dermatitis and cellulitis or the
treatments she had received for these issues. Thus, citing Cepero v. Fabricated
Metals Corp., 132 S.W.3d 839 (Ky. 2004), GSI argues Gordon has failed to
adequately prove a causal connection between her on-the-job injury and her
ultimate diagnosis. We believe Cepero is inapposite to the case at bar.
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In Cepero, an injured employee failed to disclose—and, in fact,
actively concealed—a prior non-work-related knee injury which had left him
confined to a wheelchair for nearly two months. The physicians upon whose
testimony the ALJ relied were unaware and unable to otherwise discover the
employee’s prior injury. All of the doctors who were adequately informed
attributed Cepero’s disability to the non-work-related injury. In affirming the
Board’s reversal of the ALJ on the issue of causation, our Supreme Court stated
where it is irrefutable that a physician’s history regarding
work-related causation is corrupt due to it being
substantially inaccurate or largely incomplete, any
opinion generated by that physician on the issue of
causation cannot constitute substantial evidence.
Medical opinion predicated upon such erroneous or
deficient information that is completely unsupported by
any other credible evidence can never, in our view, be
reasonably probable. Furthermore, to permit a ruling of
law to stand based upon such evidence that is not
reliable, probative and material would be fundamentally
unjust.
Here, it is undisputed that Dr. Barefoot was unaware of Gordon’s
prior history when making his diagnosis. However, GSI has failed to show that his
diagnosis was infirm and causation was not proven because of the incomplete
medical history. Rather, after being given an opportunity to view Gordon’s
complete medical records relating to her prior treatments, Dr. Barefoot clearly and
plainly testified that his medical opinion was unchanged. He noted that in each
prior instance, Gordon’s condition had fully resolved in a relatively short time
period and that she was asymptomatic on August 31, 2007. Further, as noted by
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the ALJ and referenced by the Board, Gordon’s failure to disclose her prior
medical issues did not rise to the level of active concealment present in Cepero.
Thus, the ALJ did not err in relying on Dr. Barefoot’s diagnosis and the Board
correctly found Cepero to be inapplicable as causation was adequately proven.
Therefore, for the foregoing reasons, the November 6, 2009, opinion
of the Board is affirmed.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:
Scott C. Wilhoit
Louisville, Kentucky
BRIEF FOR APPELLEE,
TAMMY GORDON:
James D. Howes
Louisville, Kentucky
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