Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida, July Term, A.D. 2011
Opinion filed August 3, 2011.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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No. 3D09-3317
Lower Tribunal No. 03-840
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Rafael Matarranz,
Appellant,
vs.
The State of Florida,
Appellee.
An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Mary Barzee
Flores, Judge.
Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender, and Robert Kalter, Assistant Public
Defender, for appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Douglas J. Glaid, Senior Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Before SUAREZ, CORTIÑAS, and EMAS, JJ.
CORTIÑAS, J.
After a jury trial, the Defendant, Rafael Matarranz, was found guilty of the
first-degree murder and burglary of Lidia Giangrande. On appeal, the Defendant
claims that the trial court erred in its denying a challenge for cause against
prospective juror Ceballos.
After review of the record under the applicable
standard of review, we affirm.
During voir dire, the following exchange took place:
THE COURT: Ms. Ceballos, I wanted to follow-up with you.
You had answered a question about the fact that this is a
burglary case and it had to do with whether or not you thought you
could be a fair juror in this case.
Tell me what you were thinking.
JUROR CEBALLOS: It is just from past experiences.
I have been the victim of burglaries like my house when I was
younger and also I wrote down that my cousin was a victim of fraud
and like trying to cash fake checks and it wasn’t really his fault and
everything that happened with that and how it affected my family.
That still affected me and I hold a grudge on that and he was pretty
much fleeing from whoever that guy was taking checks on and my
cousin was the unfortunate one that happened to cash it and that
stayed on his record and it is something that I hold against him. How
it affected me, my parents and my whole family.
I don’t think that I could be fair against him because I hold that
grudge.
THE COURT: The grudge that you hold is against someone who
violates the law?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Right.
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THE COURT: But the law holds a grudge on people who violate the
law once a person is convicted of violating the law, if a person is
convicted and it is in my division, it is my job to sentence the victim
but I hear what you are saying, but I want to make sure that you
understand that this trial would not be about whether or not it is okay
to have a grudge against people who commit crimes.
The question is going to be was a crime committed and if it
was committed whether Mr. Matarranz is the one that committed it;
you understand that?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
....
THE COURT: So, you don’t hold a grudge against people who are
accused of something that they didn’t do?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: No.
It is just – I don’t know how it affected like – I don’t know – it
is something that just stays there.
I know how it affected us and how everything happened. It was
during the holiday season and it was just crazy and it just makes me
sad about it and it brings back bad memories.
....
PROSECUTOR: You have not heard any evidence yet with regard
to Mr. Matarranz, right?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
PROSECUTOR: Are you able to listen to the testimony and the
evidence in this case with an opened [sic] mind?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: I could have an open mind about it, but it
is still – knowing myself I think I would lean more towards the State
of Florida just because I don’t think that it is right for someone to
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come in and take something that someone worked so hard for and take
their life away from that person.
PROSECUTOR: Can you follow the judge’s law and the law in the
State of Florida and say I know that I favor the defendant, because he
looks like a family member or I favor the State because I want to be a
State Attorney when I grow up. The question is, can you follow the
law and not say I’m going to be more for the defendant or more for
the State and just sit here and listen to the evidence and make the
State prove our case beyond a reasonable doubt, because that is
what we have to do?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
PROSECUTOR: So my question is, can you do that even though
you may feel more sympathetic particular [sic] towards one side or the
other.
Can you put aside your feelings and sit here with an open
mind and see whether or not the State of Florida at the end of the
case has proved the charges of murder in the first degree against the
defendant, can you do that honestly?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes, I think I could.
Just like you say maybe I would lean a little more to one side,
but I would have to hear everything before I can actually make a
decision.
PROSECUTOR: You can’t lean.
That is what you are saying when you say I think you are going
to make the State nervous and you are going to [make defense
counsel] nervous. You can’t say I think.
My question, can you put aside your feelings for the State or
the feelings for the defendant, put them aside if you are selected as a
juror and listen to the evidence that comes forward on the case and
make a determination at the conclusion of all the evidence as to
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whether or not the State of Florida has proved these two charges
against the defendant. [sic]
Can you do that, honestly?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
(emphasis added).
Thereafter, defense counsel questioned Ms. Ceballos to determine whether
she was competent to serve as a juror. The following exchange took place:
DEFENSE COUNSEL: I’m confused. I’m sorry.
I’m very simple.
You started telling [Y]our [H]onor that you couldn’t do what
you just told the prosecutor that you are going to do.
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: I can put it aside but, it is just that with
my past experiences – I have an old mind in all things and I know that
I can do it.
It is just that I rather not, just because – I mean, put it aside, but
I can have an open mind and put all my feelings aside.
....
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Are those feelings going to make it easier
for the State to secure a conviction against Mr. Matarranz, if you sit
as a juror in this case?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: I would have to hear – like I would have
to hear the whole thing.
....
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Do you think those experiences that you
have and those experiences that you are remembering today, do you
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think that they are going to affect you as you deliberate and make
the decision whether or not Mr. Matarranz is guilty of the charge of
burglary and the charge of murder. [sic]
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: No, ‘cause I would have to hear it. I
don’t think so.
(emphasis added).
The next day, Ms. Ceballos was again questioned as to her ability to be fair
and impartial and decide the case based solely on the evidence presented at trial.
PROSECUTOR: Ms. Ceballos, same question to you.
You kind of went back and forth and I want to ask you, if you
can promise that you will not hold it against the defendant because
he doesn’t have a burden, if he decides not to testify or if they decide
not to put on witnesses, are you okay with that?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
PROSECUTOR: And you understand that it is the State’s burden
to prove him guilty beyond and to the exclusion of every reasonable
doubt?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
PROSECUTOR: The bottom line is, you may want to hear, can
you follow the law that they do not have to do anything in this case?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
PROSECUTOR: And hold the State to its burden?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Yes.
Later that day, defense counsel posed the following questions:
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DEFENSE COUNSEL: As we are sitting here today, have you been
thinking about what we talked about yesterday?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: And I talked about it and I have a more
opened [sic] mind about it and I gave a thought and I have opened
[sic] mind and that anything that happened to me in the past has
nothing to do with this case.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Would you like Mr. Matarranz to testify?
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: It doesn’t matter. It depends on the
evidence whether he is guilty or not.
As of right now he is innocent because there is nothing
presented to me that proves otherwise.
(emphasis added).
Defense counsel attempted to challenge Ms. Ceballos for cause, claiming
that she could not be fair and impartial because she initially stated that she would
hold a grudge against people who violate the law. The State opposed the challenge
for cause. Although Ceballos’ questionnaire may be considered equivocal insofar
as she stated she may “lean towards the State” because she had been a victim of a
burglary when she was eight years old, Ceballos’ subsequent statements were
sufficient to show she was competent to serve as a juror. The trial court denied
defense counsel’s motion to strike Ms. Ceballos for cause, stating
[h]aving only heard testimony from yesterday, I would have
been inclined to grant it, but her testimony from yesterday includes
the fact that there had been this burglary when she was eight years
old, that was emotional for her . . . and today based on her demeanor, I
believe from her reflection, I think she was embarrassed and she said
that she thought about it last night and she said that she felt that she
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had more of an opened [sic] mind today and that she could be fair and
she realized that that burglary that happened to her had nothing to do
with this case.
Defense counsel initially accepted Ms. Ceballos, but later used its sixth
peremptory challenge on Ms. Ceballos. At the conclusion of voir dire, defense
counsel requested an extra peremptory challenge, claiming that the trial court erred
in failing to strike five jurors for cause, not naming Ms. Ceballos, and identified
objectionable jurors that he would have stricken if he had an additional peremptory
challenge but, notably, did not name Ms. Ceballos among those jurors. The trial
court denied the request for an extra peremptory challenge and only one named
“objectionable” juror sat on the jury.
As in Guzman v. State, 934 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006), we find that the
very experienced and able trial judge did not commit manifest error in denying
defense counsel an extra peremptory challenge for prospective jurors.
In Guzman, we concluded that, the voir dire questions and the prospective
juror’s answers, read in context and in their entirety, did not establish that the
prospective juror was equivocal. Id. at 16. Further, we stressed that even if the
prospective juror’s “words tended to show equivocation . . . the trial court did not
commit manifest error in determining that [the prospective juror] could render an
impartial decision,” emphasizing that “the trial judge was in the best position to
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observe [the prospective juror’s] demeanor, assess his candor, and determine
whether [he] was impartial.” Id. at 16-17.
It is well established that “[i]t is within the trial court’s province to
determine whether a challenge for cause should be granted based on a juror’s
competency, and such a determination will not be disturbed on appeal absent
manifest error. Id. at 14 (citing Busby v. State, 894 So. 2d 88, 95 (Fla. 2004)); see
also Morrison v. State, 818 So. 2d 432, 442 (Fla. 2002); Fernandez v. State, 730
So. 2d 277, 281 (Fla. 1999); State v. Williams, 465 So. 2d 1229, 1231 (Fla. 1985);
Mills v. State, 462 So. 2d 1075, 1079 (Fla. 1985). The trial court must determine
“whether the juror can lay aside any bias or prejudice and render a verdict solely
on the evidence presented and the instructions on the law given by the court.”
Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 14-15 (quoting Busby, 894 So. 2d at 95); see also Levy v.
State, 50 So. 3d 1218, 1220 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). Therefore, a challenge for cause
should not be granted by the trial court where it determines the prospective juror
“can render an impartial verdict according to the evidence,” such as in a case
where a prospective juror’s initial responses may be considered equivocal.
Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 15 (quoting § 913.03(10), Fla. Stat. (2011)).
Importantly, “[a]s long as there is support in the record for the trial court’s
decision to deny a cause challenge, the decision will be upheld on appeal.” Id. at
15 (citing Busby, 894 So. 2d at 95); see also Gore v. State, 706 So. 2d 1328, 1332
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(Fla. 1997); Mendoza v. State, 700 So. 2d 670, 675 (Fla. 1997); Trotter v. State,
576 So. 2d 691, 694 (Fla. 1990) (“On appeal the question is not whether a
reviewing court might disagree with the trial court’s findings, but whether those
findings are fairly supported by the record.”). This is because “[a] trial judge has a
unique vantage point from which to evaluate potential juror bias and make
observations of the juror’s voir dire responses, which cannot be discerned by this
court’s review of a cold appellate record.” Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 15 (citing
Morrison, 818 So. 2d at 442); see also Mendoza, 700 So. 2d at 675; Smith v. State,
699 So. 2d 629, 635-36 (Fla. 1997). Specifically, “[t]he trial judge hears and sees
the prospective juror and has the unique ability to make an assessment of the
individual’s candor and the probable certainty of his answers to critical questions
presented to him.” Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 15 (quoting Williams, 465 So. 2d at
1231).
We conclude that the trial court did not commit manifest error in
determining that prospective juror Ceballos was competent to serve as a juror. The
totality of prospective juror Ceballos’ responses demonstrated her ability to be fair
and impartial and decide the case based solely on the evidence presented at trial.
See Thomas v. State, 958 So. 2d 1047, 1050-51 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007) (“[T]he mere
fact that a juror gives equivocal responses does not disqualify that juror for
service.”); see also Levy, 50 So. 3d at 1220 (“[W]hen viewed as a whole, [the
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prospective juror’s] responses do not emulate the sort of equivocation typically
held to raise doubts about a potential juror’s impartiality.”). Prospective juror
Ceballos consistently indicated that 1) she would not hold it against Mr. Matarranz
if he did not testify or if the defense did not put on witnesses, 2) she understood
that it was the State’s burden to prove Mr. Matarranz guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt, 3) Mr. Matarranz did not have any burden of proof, and 4) she would hold
the State to its burden of proof based on the evidence presented. Moreover, Ms.
Ceballos stated that “anything that happened to me in the past has nothing to do
with this case.” The trial judge, who observed, evaluated, and commented on Ms.
Ceballos’ demeanor, was in the best position to determine defense counsel’s
request to strike her for cause. See Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 17 (“Again, we
emphasize that the trial judge was in the best position to observe [the prospective
juror’s] demeanor, assess his candor, and determine whether [the prospective juror]
was impartial.”); Mills, 462 So. 2d 1075.
Accordingly, after a “thorough review of the record, we cannot find that the
trial judge committed manifest error in determining that [the prospective juror] was
competent to serve as a juror.” Guzman, 934 So. 2d at 17. We affirm on all other
issues raised on appeal.
Affirmed.
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