Canada v. Mathena et al, No. 7:2013cv00322 - Document 15 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 12/19/2013. (tvt)

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nI PRKSOFFI U. . ST. UA CE S DI O AT RozxohE, q f vh Fl uEo I TH E U N I N TED STATE S D I STR I C O U RT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGI A NI ROANOKE DI I ON V SI DE2 1q 2 1 03 J A ULI LE CLERK M BY: o K ELV I A .C AN A DA , N Pl ntf , ai if Ci lAc i No.7: 3c vi ton 1 v00322 M EM OR ANDUM OPI ON NI By:Samue G.W is n l lo M N DA LL M A TH EN A ,e al, / . D ef endant s. U ni ed St esD i ri Judge t at st ct Pli ifKevi A.Ca antf l n nada a Vigi a i t pr e i , r ni nma e oc ed ngrr s ,b i t sa ton und r / e rngs hi c i e 4 U. C.j 1 8 algn t d fnd n ss be td hm t c u la d u u u llvn c n iins 2 S. 9 3 le ig he ee a t u j ce i o r e n n s a iig o d t o a vi a e hi due pr es rght by pl cng a ke pi hi i a srp c l f t da nd olt d s oc s i s a i nd e ng m n ti e l or wo ys. Fi ng t tCa ndi ha nada' ale tonsofa duepr e svi l to f lt sa ea cam upo whih t s l gai oc s o ai n ai o t t li n c he c u tma g a tr l t t e c u twilds s t i a to wih u prj d c u d r2 U. C.j o r y rn ei l h o r l imis hs cin t o t eu ie n e 8 S. e 1 5 b)1 . 91 A( ( ) 1. Ca nada a l es t de e nt pl c d hi i a s rp c l f t o da a t r t f l el leg he f nda s a e m n t i e l or w ys f e hey a s y a c edhi ofa i dir ptvel a c rnghi c l wi c us m ctng s u i y nd ove i s e l ndow. Ac or ng t Cana whiei c di o da, l n t srp c l he ha bo r ,ha ac es t a t lt a r ceved hi meas He wa una e, he ti el, d xe s d c s o oie , nd e i s l. s bl how e r t br s hi t e h o was hi f ce ha , or body,and he w a de e a m a te s ve , o u h s e t r h s a , nds s ni d tr s , s e s a bl nke ,c e n l undr s ,a ts r,s ks a t ltpa r Ca da saeshe was he t , a t l a a y, hoes - hit oc , nd oie pe . na t t t bl t s e p due t t c l ' c d t m per tle ma e o l e o he e ls ol e a tr . II. Unde 28 U. C. j1 5 ditit c t mus s re prs r compli s ag ns r S. 91 A, src ours t ce n ione ant ai t gove n e a e ii s or ofi r or e o e of t e e ii s a dim is a ca m t t i r m nt l ntte tce s mpl ye s hos ntte nd s s li ha s f i l , m a i i , o f is t s a e a c a m u n whi h r le m ay be gr nt d, or s e rvo ous lc ous r a l o t t l i po c ei f a e e ks m o t r r le f om a de e n who i i m une f om s h r le . To s a e a a qua e c a m ne a y e i f r f nda t sm r uc e i f t t n de t l i f r le ,t pl adngsmus c ai C nough f c st sae a cli t r le t ti pl usbl on or e if he e i t ont n E e a t o tt am o e if ha s a i e is f e. Bel At .Cor a i v. Two y,5 0 U. 5 4 5 0 ( 0 7 ( iain o te ) W hi t ac ' l l ' por ton mbl 5 S. 4 , 7 2 0 ) ctto mitd . l e t c tm us a ce tt c a m a ' f c ua a l ga i a t u , t st ne i Gi pplc bl t l a he our t c p he l i nt s a t l le tons s r e hi e t s tna i a e o eg l c l i . Thr a r r ias of t e e onc usons e dba e ect l he l ment of a ca e of a ton, s s us ci uppo t d by m e e re r c n ls r sae n s d n ts fi e'As c o t I b l 1 S. .1 3 ,1 4 ( 0 9 . ctto o cu o y ttme t, o o u tc . h r f v. q a, 29 Ct 9 7 9 9 2 0 ) (iain ' o te . Pli if mus ofe e h fcs to nudge't i cli a r s t lne fom mitd) antfs t fr noug a t t t ' her ams c os he i r co e va e t pl usbl 'Twombl 550 U. a 570,a fom whi h t c tca lng upon çt nc i bl o a i e,' v, S. t nd r c he our, li ts i j iile peinc a d c mmo s n e' c n c ncu et tt epla e ha ( h wn't thei udca x re e n o n e s y a o ld ha h e d r s G o ' ha s ' s e ildt r i . d. Ci P.8() I ,556U. a 679. ntte o elefFe R. v. a; nbal S. t To pr vai o a pr ed a due pr e s c ai unde t Fouree t A m e m e ,a e ln oc ur l oc s l m r he t nh nd nt n i aemus fr tde onsr t gove n e ala ton de i d hi oft ie lbe t orpr pe t ' nm t t is m ta e r m nt c i prve m t f , i ry, l o ry.' Be rt v. t ,1 0F.d5 0 5 2(t Ci.1 9 ) Al ug p io r ha es med p o e s v ai Smih 2 3 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 . t h rs nes v o ue r c s ho rght whie i ar e a ed, hos lbe t i e essa elm ie t ç hefee i s l nc c r t t e i ry nt r t r i t d o l r dom fom r tantwhi h, t r esr i c whienote ee ngt s nt nc i s h a une c e mn ra t gi rs t pr e to by l xc di he e e e n uc n xpe t d nne s o ve ie o ot c in t DuePr es Cl eofisown f c no t es i he oc s aus t or e, nehel s mpos saypi a a sgnii a ha ds p e t c l nd i fc nt r hi o t i m a e i r l ton t t or na y i de sofpr s lf ' Sa n v.Conne ,51 U . n he n t n e a i o he di r nci nt i on ie. ndi ' r 5 S. 472,484( 995) Cha Ci aprs rsl ai vaito ofdal r i ,c 1 . nges tn ione ' oc ton, rains iy outne hange i sn c tonsofc i me (ncl ngad nitai s grgai , ndt de a o prviege ondii onfne nt i udi mi sr tve e e ton) a he nil f i l s (r)matr whihe e yp io e c na tcpaegn whih aec n e ltdb h so ii a ae tes c v r rs n r a n ii t a d c l r o tmp ae y i rgn l sntncet prs 'Gat v. yl ,946F. 3 343( hCi.1 ) Furhe , ioner e e o ion. son Ta or ' 2d 40, 4t r 991 . t r prs s gener l do nothave a consiutonaly r aly tt i l ecogni lbert i eres i a pari ar s zed i y nt t n tcul ecuriy t c as ii a i ora c tt t o lrghtt be co i d i a pa tc a pr s H e it H el s 459 l sf c ton ons iu i na i o nfne n r i ul r i on. w t v. m , U. 460, ( 983) M e c v.Fa 427U. 21 224( 976) W hieCana ssrpc l S. 468 1 ; a hum no, S. 5, 1 . l da' ti el co tonswe e mor r src i t n t e a i t i m aesi t g ne a populton,t r ndii r e e titve ha hos ppled o n t n he e r l a i hei t da d ai di noti wo y ur ton d mpos a at ca and sg fca ha ds p o hi .Se e. ,Be a i e n ypi l i nii nt r hi n m e. g. vr t, 1 F.d a 503- ( di prs c tonsdi noti iaealbe t i ers wher i t 20 3 t 04 hol ng ion ondii d mplc t i ry nt et e nmaes s ntsx mont i a i sr tveco i m e wih no outi r r a i i r que cea pe i hs n dm nita i nfne nt t sde ec e ton; nfe nt l n cot s lnens a be ng;l sf l he , i , nd ddi es ood; t a a y h0tcel i taly i e t d wih venmi and mbe r bl ls nii l nf se t n a s rdwih urnea fc ) Ac r ngl t c tfndsCana splc me i asrp nd meae t i nd e es. codi y,he our i da' a e ntn ti c l di no i plcae albe t i e es. W hieCa e l d t m i t i ry nt r t l nadaha f ie t saea cai t rt s a ld o t t l m mde he Foure nt Ame te h ndme , salegainsofhi lvi co tonswhiei t srpc l( g.t nthi l to s i ng ndii l n he ti el e. ,he tmpeat eo tec l a hi lc o cohig s es abln e, n amate s ma saea e rtl f h el nd s a k f lt n , he t, a k t a d r trs) y tt n Ei h Amendme c am a wilpr e ght nt l i nd l oc ed. 111. Ba e o t f egoi t c tdim is sCa da' due pr e sc ai unde 28 U. C. s d n he or ng, he our s s e na s oc s l in r S. j 1 A( ( )andwile e a or rdieci t Clr t atmpts r i ofpr e su t 915 b)1 l ntr n de r tng he ek o te e vce oc s pon he def nda sast hi lvi c tonsc am . e nt o s i ng ondii li The Clr i dieced t s nd a ce tte c ek s r t o e rii d opy of t s M e a lm Opi o a hi mor ndl ni n nd ac om pa ng Or rt pl ntf. c nyi de o ai if ce r EN TER : Thi 1 t da ofD e m be , 2013. s 9h y k Lf t St t DititJ nied aes src udge

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