Gooden v. Muse et al, No. 7:2013cv00245 - Document 21 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/17/2013. (kab)

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d : F .; , @ O Š# e'Fl p= :I * Ur e: : R ATRoANt ,v v A FI LED DE2 1 ;2 1 03 . I TI UM TED STATES DI N V STRI COURT G FOR TI E W ESTERN DI I STRI OF VI NI G RGI A RO A NO U DI SI W ON AUBREY DI GOODEN mka. ON J i c. uuA i Y cu M -, u E BY: DEP CLERK CASE NO.7: 3W 00245 1 A . GY DEND. EL, Phi if ntf , V. M EM O R AND UM O PN O N W IWJ W . US c K , I AM M E, By:GlnE. n e Co md Chi fU nie Sh t sD i t i J e t e s rd udge Defndn t) e nts. Aubr Di Gooden,a Vigi a i t pr ee ng pr K ,fl d t s cvi rght ac i ey on r ni nma e oc di o ie hi i l i s ton 1 p ru n t 4 U.. j 1 8 . I hi v lmio s c mpan ,Go d n alg s t tVign a u s a t o 2 SC. 9 3 n s ou n u o lit o e l e ha r ii e Pa ol Boa d me be sha t ary cas ii d hi a i lgi ef rdic e i r pa ol ,prs n r e r m r ve mf il l sfe m s ne i bl o s r tona y r e io m e ca pe s nne have de i hi ofa uae me c lc r ,prs ofii l ha m iha ed di l r o l prved m deq t di a a e ion fc as ve s ndl hi g iva e a r t it a i thi f flng t m ,a ofk e pur ey tiked hi i o s re nc s nd eala ed gans m or ii he n t r pos l rc m nt e i po k i vi ai ofhi r lgi tne s a va iussae c tpe s melha e r atng r n ol ton s ei ous e t , nd ro tt our r ol ve roneousy l he e or he decded l ga is ,a 1i vi a i ofhi consiu i lrght. U pon r vi w of t r c d, t i e l s ues l n olton s tt tona i s2 e e c u t id t ttec mp an mu t esl rl ds se t e 28U. C. 1 5 b)1 . o r fn s ha h o lit s b l mmaiy imis d md r S. j 91 A( () 1 Gooden sat t hi nn e i S .D .Gooden- ' a as t cour t cal hi by t tname i t es hat s m s C A El' nd ks he to l m ha n cour or r and opi ons Gooden i c esi hi pladi ,however t tt s e cour de ed hi t de s ni . ndiat n s e ngs , ha he ot t ni s petton t l l change hi namet E ooden- .'The ef e,t cour w ilr ert hi by t name ii o egaly s or El' r or he t l ef o m he underwhi hewasconvit d. ch ce 2 Good n' c mpli j nsmuli ecai a ans muli edee a t wihnorg r f t e s o antoi tpl l ms g i t tpl fnd ns t e ad orhe r srci sofRulsl a d20oft Fe r Rulso Ci l o d r Und rRul 1 ( ) whih g ve n e titon e 8n he deal e f viPr ce u e. e e 8 a , c o r s j i e o cams aplitf ma b i muli ecai , eltdorno,i alws ta i tasngl ond r f li , an if y rng tpl l ms r ae t n a ui gans i e def nda . How e ,i or t nnm eot def ndant i t s e nt ver n der o her e s n he ame l ui,t pl ntl mus s if aws t he ai i t ats y Rul 20a( ,whihgo r j n rofpate .Rue2 a()p r tj nd rofmutpl d fnd ns e ()2) c vens oide ris l 0()2 emisoi e li e ee a t onl wher t rghtt r ifas ered agai tt ars outoft sa etans ton oroccur ence a y e he i o ele s t ns hem ies he m r ac i r nd c r acommon ques i oflw orf t On isf e,Gooden' omni com pl ntdoesnotcompl once ns ton a ac . t ac s bus ai y w ih eihe oft er es. Becaus t cour dim i est c t t r hes ul e he t s ss he ompl ntf f l et s e acl m ,however ai or aiur o tt ai , tec urwil tfrh ra des Goo n'j nd rpo e . h o t lno ute d r s de s oi e rblms St ndar ofRe e a d vi w The c t i r r d t dim is a a ton o c am fl by a prs r a ns a our s equie o s s ny c i r l i ied ione gai t gove m e ale iy orofkeri t co tde e m i t aci orcai i fi ous m a ii us m nt ntt f f he ur t r nes he ton l m s rvol , lc o , o fist saeacam o whc r l fma beg a td 2 U. C.j 1 5 b ( ) Th c u ts r al o tt li n ih ei y r ne . 8 S. e 91 A() 1. e o r' r e t r j 1 5 b) ) f fi ous s al dimis of a cli t ed on a eviw mde 91 A( (1 or rvol ne s lows s sal am t bas n i ds ubl meils lg lt e r ' o o ta ta c n e to s ( t ae ce ry b s ls . n ipu y rte s e a h o y' r n t cu l o tn in t ) r lal a ee s' f ha Netkev. il ms 4 0U..3 9 3 7( 98 )(p li p irv rin o j1 5d , uh rzng iz W la , 9 S 1 , 2 1 9 a pyng ro eso f 91 () a to ii i c u t t d s s fio o scamsfldi f nn pa p rs. o rs o imis rv l u li ie n o a u ei) A plitf p r rig t sae a cam t e j 1 8 mus e tbih ta he h s b e an if u po t o tt li md r 9 3 t sa ls h t n a en de i d of rght g r nt e by t Co tt i or lws of t Unied Stt s and t t t s prve i s ua a e d he nsiuton a he t ae ha hi de i ton r s t fom c prva i e uled r onduc c mitd by ape s aci unde col ofsae l w. W es t om te ron tng r or t t a t v. kis 4 7 U. 4 ( 9 8 . I rviwig Go d n' alg to s t c u tmus a s mel l At n , 8 S. 2 1 8 ) n e e n o e s le ain , he o r t su ç l a we lpl de nonco l or f c ua al ga i i t c l- ea d, ncus y a t l le tons n he ompl i t betue'butne no as ume ant o r ,' ed t s t veact oft r lgalc usons' Azz v.Alolc I ,658 F. 388,391 ( h Ci. he r iy t e e oncl i .' i ba c a . nc. 3d 4t r 2011 . Pl ntf salgai do notsaea acina e cai t es he û e f t lc e ) ai if le tons tt n to bl l m ml s G ads acua ontnt pl t t alows t c tt dr w t r as bl i er nc t t t de e nt i labl f t ha l he our o a he e ona e nf e e ha he f nda s i e or he mic n u t alg d. As r f v.l b l 5 6 1. 6 2, 1 9 S.Ct 1 3 ,1 4 ( 0 9 ;Bel s o d c le e ' hco t u a, 5 75.6 2 ' . 97 99 20) l Ata tc Co p v Two l,5 0 U. 5 4 5 0 ( 0 7 (i ig d s sa a p o rae wh r lni r . . mbv 5 S. 4 , 7 2 0 ) fndn imis l p r p it ee p an ifsfcua alg to d n ts p o ttlusbl'cam f rrle litf a t l le ains o o u p r G a i e' li o eig. p D i c s o ofC l m s s us i n ai Goode s c n' ompli a s e nt lco pl ntpr e 20 cli s a i t mor t n ant nd uppl me a m ai es nt am ga ns e ha t doz n i vi s i varous r ons of t s a e. For t s ke ofcl r t a br viy i t s wo e ndi dual n i egi he t t he a a iy nd e t n hi 2 o i in,te c u twilg o p t e camsa t e fdso fr d i s p o ta c r i t s b e t p no h o r l r u h li nd h a fee n u p r c o dng o u j c m ater. t A . Par eI s s( ai s1- 3 ol s ue Cl m 5) Ac di t Goode i 1 cor ng o n, n 987,hewasc c e ofan n me r r i Norol and a onvit d r d obbe y n f k n n me r r i Pors r d obbe y n tmout Fort lte co c i hewass nt ed t 1 ye si prs h. he a tr nviton, e enc o 3 ar n ion wih 7 yea ss pe t r us nded. I 1 n 995, r i a a ihed dic e i r par e f ofe esco mit Vig ni bols s r tona y ol or f ns m ted o o atrJ n y 1 1 9 .Se Va Co eAn .j5 1 1 5..Paoea t rte g a tdGo d n n r fe a um' , 9 5 e . d n 3.- 6 1 r l uho i s r ne o e i dic e i r pa ol a he wa r l as d i 1 s r tona y r e, nd s e e e n 997. I 2000,Go n s a kil a G e n ode hot nd led û hom i de ' a a trbeng quesi d by polc ,a c nva r' nd, fe i tone i e bs onded t Flrda. Aut ii sl t a r se o oi horte aer re td a r btn d hi t Vigi a. Fora condi fom pa ol on t 1 Pors o h s t nce he nd e r e m o r ni bs ng r r e he 987 tm ut en e , wass nt nc t s r et 7- a s nt ncet tt c thad pr vi usy s pe d. Hewasalo e e ed o e v he ye r e e ha he our e o l us nde s co c e of m ur r a s nt nc t 20 yea s H e i now s r i a tve s nt nc t a i 27 nvi t d de nd e e ed o r. s e v ng c i e e es ot lng year s. I M a ch 201 Goode r eved no i t the i no l r e i bl f dic ei y n r 0, n ec i tce ha s onge lgi e or s r tonar par ec i ain t rVigi aCode j53.- 51B1,baedon a er ousfndi t the ol onsderto mde r ni 11 ( ) s n rone i ng ha ha be n c ce ofat r r r i Ocobe 2000.( No.1, 9)(mphassadde .Hi d e onvitd hid obbey n t r ECF p. e i d) s pa ol ei biiy dae,whih ha pr vi l be n lse as Aprl2020,s r e lgi lt t c d e ousy e it d i uddenl c y hange t d o J anua y 2023. r Vigi aCodej53.- 51B1 esa ihesape s si i biiyf paol asf l : r ni 1 1 ( ) tbls ron' nelgi lt or r e olows An p ro c n itdo tr espaaefln o fns so ()mu d r (i rpeo y e s n o v ce f l e e rt eo y fe e f i r e , i) a r l (i) r ii obber by t pr e i of frn ms or ohe de dl wea y he esntng ie r t r a y pon, or a ny c mbiain o t e o fn e s e i e i s b i so s() (i o (i)wh n s c o n to f h fe s s p cf d n u dviin i, i) r i i i e uh 3 see EcF N o. 1,pp.526. 3 of e e w e e no pa t of a com m on ac , tans c i or s he e s l not be f ns s r t r t r a ton c m hal e i bl f pa ol lgi e or r e. Goode i c nce t tt s saut doesno a pl t hi ,be us he was notc c e of n s onvi d ha hi t t e t p y o m ca e onvit d mur r be or J nua y 1 1 de f e a r , 995,a ha ne r be co c e of a t r r r ofe e. On nd s ve en nvit d hid obbe y f ns M a 27, 2011 ho ver t Pa ol Boa d de e Goode s fna a al advii hi t y , we , he r e r ni d n' i l ppe , sng m hat Se e lt h sa pe lo p r l ieiiiiysau i a c r a c wi t eprviin o Vign a d viw ol i p a f aoe n l b l tt s n c o d n e t h o so s f r ii r g t h Co e S cin 5 1 1 ( )(a ld tr n d ( o e )t beieiil f rd srto r p r l d e to 3.- 51B1 h d ee mie Go d n o n lgb e o ic einay ao e c n ieain.4 ( No.1 p.j ) Go d n fld ap tto f rawrto h b a c r u i t o sd rto , ECF , , 4 o e ie eiin o i f a e s o p s n he Pors o h Cic tCo ts e ng a fndi t the i elg bl f pa ol butm ove f a wa tm ut r ui ur e ki i ng ha s i i e or r e, d or nd s g a edavolmtr nons ti J yof201 Het n fldhi j1 3 c ai heei M a of r nt t ay ui n ul 2. he ie s 98 ompl nt r n y 201 3. l Cl m s 1 t ough 5,Goode s s i vi n ai hr n ue ndi dualm e r of t Vigi a Pa ol Boa d, mbe s he r ni r e r pa tand pr e ,f a lge y t a rpr c i si c i rng hi f pa ol He as e t t tt s es nt or le dl mf i a tce n onsde i m or r e. s rs ha he Boa d' M ay 27,2011 aci n,r voki hi par e ei i lt on hi pr - 995 ofe e,de i r s to e ng s ol lg biiy s e1 f ns prved hi ofdue pr es a vi a e t Ex Pos Fa t Cl e. As r le on t s c am s he s e m oc s nd olt d he t c o aus e if he e l i , e ks ijmci a d d ca ao yr le r g r ig l sei iii frds rto a y p r l c nsd rto . nt t n e lrtr eif e adn l lgblt o icein r aoe o ie ai n ve i y The c t fnds no m e i t a of G oode s pa ol cl i s and w il s m a iy di m i s t our i rt o ny n' r e a m l um r l s s hem u d rj1 5 b)1. n e 91 A( ( ) t ti difc tt i a ne a c e mor des r i off de a de e e e t n sae pa ol G s fiul o m gi l ont xt e e vng e r l f r nc ha t t r e d cso s' Vn nv. g ln , 3 F d 51 ,5 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Be a s asaei maeh sn e ii n . n An eo e 7 3 9 21 4h r 9 6 . c u e tt n t a o ' c tt i na rghtt be pa ol d be or hi vai s nt e e r s saes a e notoblga e t onsiuto l i o r e f e s ld e enc xpie , tt r i td o e t bls a pa ol s t m and,i t c sa ih r e yse f hey hoos t do s ha br d dic e i i dei ng pa ol eo o, ve oa s r ton n tni r e 4 I t par e s i of hi com pl nt Gooden r er se altm es t Gpl ntf ' H a n he ol ecton s ai , ef s ver i o ç ai if s beas Cor ' exhi t,whi ar not i uded i t r or bef e t court Gooden' alegatons al pus' bis ch e ncl n he ec d or he . s l i one r l t hi par e cl m sar w ihoutmert however etect hat s ol ai e t i, . 4 eii ii fco s I (iic Gr e h l v.Ne r s a Pe a Imae ,4 2 U. 1 7 ( 9 9 ; lgbl y a tr . d. ctn e n ot t z b a k n l n ts 4 S. , 1 7 ) Frn lnv. hed , 6 F. 7 4, 0 (t Ci.9 7 (nb n l.Th s asaep r l is egv s a k i S ils 5 9 2d 8 8 0 4h r1 7 ) e a cl u , tt aoe s u ie rs t af de a due pr es cli onl whe e t i ae de ie o e r l oc s am y r he nm t monsr t st tt he sae ha c eaed ta e ha t t t s r t t al tmaecli ofe il ntt s as c ofpaol ' I (nt na quottonsandcttons egii t am ntteme o ome pe t r e. d. i er l ai ' iai o te ) Animae so yc n ttto l p o e tditr s i p r l i i b igc n i ee fr mitd . n t' nl o siuinal r tce n ee t n ao e s n en o sd rd o y dic e i r r e e i a c da e wih t lws oft sa e Ga t v.Ta or 946 F. 340, s r tona y elas n c or nc t he a he t t , son yl , 2d 3 ( h Ci.1 ) a i Vigi a,paol a horte stsyduepr s prt to whe t y 44 4t r 991 , nd n r ni r e ut iis aif oce s oecins n he p o d tep r l-lgbei maewi asae ra o f rd n i gpaoe l .(iic F n ki r vie h a oe ei il n t t ttd e s n o e y n r l. d ctn r n l h n, 5 9 F.d a 7 4 . El d r lc u t mus d frt saea e ce a plig sae lwsa d tu 6 2 t 8 ) l qe ea o rs t ee o tt g n is p yn tt a n h s l t i o sgh ofsa epa ol pr e ngsha be n e r m e y lm ied.'Vn 73 F. a 5 her ver i t tt r e oce di s e xte l i t ' nn, 3d t 22. Goode f l t de n ais o monsr t t the i elgi e f rdic ei na y pa ol on a pori of ta e ha s i bl o s r to r r e ny ton m t ha s wo onvi to or me obber a one y nd hi r i s ema ing s nt nc . He ad is t the ha t c ci ns f ar d r e e es co c i f mm de . By t p an tr o Vign a Co e j 5 .- 51B1,w11 t e et re nviton or r he li e ms f r ii d 3 1 1 ( ) 11 h s h e spaaec ci onhi rc d,hei no l relgbl f dic ei r paol unde j53.e rt onvitons s e or s onge ii e or sr tonay r e r 1 1 ( .Se Brwn v Vigni De t o Co rcin , 8 F. u p. 31 5 4 3 ( D. .1 9 ) 51A) e o . r i a p . f re to s 8 6 S p 5 , 3 - 5 E. Va 9 5 (ee t g e p tfco a d d e p o e scams b sd o rv c to o p r l ei ii t o rj ci x os a t n u r c s li a e n e o ain f ao e lgbl y n n i p e iu l p r l-l i l sn e c s u d r j5 .- 51B1 a trt id q lfi g c n ito . r vo sy a oeei be e tn e n e 3 1 1 ( ) fe hr uaiyn o v cin) g Ef r i no sa ut orpr e et te e st tm er mai ng fom s nt e on whi pa ol û he e s tt e oc dur ha xc pt he i e ni r e enc s ch r e wms r evoke ' J. a 535. M orove ,Goode cies no a hort hol ng t t hi mur r d. .. t ' da e r n t ut iy di ha s de c ci c d nottr nae hi ei biiy f dicei y paol by opeain of j53.onviton oul emi t s lgi lt or srtonar r e rto 1 1 ( ) meel bec us hec 51B1, r y a e ommitdt ci i 2000rt rt ni 1 a t c tfnds te he rme n ahe ha n 994, nd he our i n s c a t rt S eVa ha v. u ry 4 SE.d 2 2 ( .1 9 )Ct h s b a a rp o u h uho i e ug n M ra , 41 . 2 4, 6 Va 9 4 r e u p r g a h y. ma t t twhe ashe e a pe s ha be n c ce oft ee s pa a e f ony ofe es of ndaes ha n, r, r on s e onvi td hr e r t el f ns 5 m tr r r pe orn med r r whih we e notpar ofa common ac ,ta a ton,o s he lde , a , m obbe y, c r t t r ns c i r c me, t e fln i i ei il f r p r 1.) Be a e Go d n h s n ts o t the i eii e fr h eo s n lgbe o aoe' . c us o e a o h wn ha ' s lgbl o di c e i r pa ol c i r ton,t c t c nnot fnd t hi aleg tons a s r tona y r e ons de a i he our n i hat s l a i bout s a e pa ol tt r e au hortes deay i t r na i hi par e e i biiy or mi sae e s of f c i s t ii ' l n e mi tng s ol lgi lt s tt m nt a t n ome pa ol r e pa r r gi rs t a duepr e scai aci bl unde j 1 pe wo k ve ie o ny oc s l m tona e r 983. Goode se pos fcocamsas fi.ç( 1w r ie e pos fcoc msonl i çt n' x t a t li lo al çA1 a ass x t a t once y fi cha ngest l lc e he ega ons quenc s of a t co plt d be or is efec i da e ''Unied Sut s v. e c s m e e f e t f tve t .' t e Paret 974 F. 523,5 (t Ci.1 (uoi W e ve v.Gr hn 45 U. 24,31( 981. rit 2d 25 4h r 992) q tna a r a m, 0 S. 1 ) çl f lwihnt ee p s fcop o i to a1w mu t1 b rtos e t ,h ti Gt s a pl ç- al t i h x o t a t r hbi n, a 'o i s ) e er p ci ta s imu t p y ve t e nt oc uni beor ise cme i a 2)i mus t s dva a t ofe ra fce by o ve s c ng f e t na t nt' nd t t dia ntge he fnde fe td i.' J ,( i W e ve,450 U. a 28 . Goode sc e cos y pa all t peiine' t'' #. guotng a r S. t ) n' as l el r les he tto rs st ton i t Br de ii n' iua i n he own c so . Cla l pe ii ne i diad nt ed by ope ai n of t r c di s sa u e: e ry, tto r s s va ag r to he e i vit t t t a pl ain o j 5 1 1 ( t hm ma e h s rg tt paoe o hi p e i u p i to f 3.- 51B) o i c d i ih o r l n s rv o s s nt nc me ni es .Howe r t s addii nalpl s e i notr kos c i e e es a ngl s ve , hi to nihm nt s e pe tve bec us t p l s ntdoe notsem fom e nt oc uni bef e t saut s a e he nihme s t r ve s c ng or he t t e' enact ent m . S cin 5 .- 51B)wa e ce b f r p tt n rc mmitd t a t f rwhc e to 3 1 1 ( s na td eo e eii e o te he cs o ih o he i now i a c a e wihou pa ol Peii rwa on notc t thewoul not s nc r er t d t t r e. ttone s i e ha d be ei bl f r par e i c c e of t ee or mor a t de i d i t sa ue. lgi e o ol f onvit d hr e c s fne n he tt t Thus j 53.-1 ( does notvi ae t e pos fco ca e a a id t , 1 51B) olt he x t a t lus s pple o pe ii r ttone . 8 6 F.S p .a 5 4. Be a e j5 .- 51B1 wa i e fc a t e t o Go d n' 1 8 8 up t 3 c us 3 1 1 ( ) s n fe t t h i f o e s 9 7 me co c i ,he wa on notc t tc ci of a t r q lf ng ofe e woul t mi e hi nvitons s ie ha onviton hid uaiyi f ns d er nat s elgi lt f pa ol on t e 1 i biiy or r e hos 987 c c i onvitons. The addii na punihm e i pos d on hi to l s nt m e m t oug t ope ai n oft se t ei no r r pe tve,be a e i doesnotse fom a eve hr h he r to he ht z s t etos c i tt c us t tm r ny nt occ rng bef r t s a ut s e t e . Thus a i a i oft s s c i t Goode s s nt nc ur i o e he t t e' nac m nt , pplc ton hi e ton o n' e e es 6 doesnotofe e pos f t prnci es ndi no c tt i pr e pr e e by a of f nd x t aco i pl .Fi ng onsiutonal oblm es ntd ny Goode s cli s r ga di hi par e elgi lt t c tsl a iy di mis s hi Cl ms 1 n' am e r ng s ol i biiy, he our lmm rl s s e s ai t r u h5 pt s n t j 1 5 b ( ) f rfiu et saeacam. h o g , l ua to 91 A( )1, o alr o tt li r B . St ac M e c i ( ai 6- 5 om h diaton Cl ms 7) Goode a lgest ton Augus 28 201 he a ve a Gr n Roc Coreci lCe e n le ha t , 2 ni d t ee k r tona ntr fom Sus ex I St t Prs b hi pr s rpton Za a f gasr e opha al r tux diea e r s ae ion, ut s e c i i nt c or to- s ge el s s (t 1GERD')di notarvewih hi Nlresaleg y a sd li t t a or ng t polc t ' d ri t m. zs l edl dvie lm ha, cc di o iy,he prs docor Def nda W ang,woul c ion t , e nt d onduc an i a r viw ofGoode s medialr or t nt ke e e n' c ec ds wihi t da a r ne hi media i t n wo ys nd e w s c ton.W iho t media i Goode woul t o up hi t ut he c ton, n d hr w s f ood afe eai a f 1 m e , unl s he r ti t d hi dit t br ad a wa e . W hen t tr tng u1 al es esrc e s e o e nd t r he m e cai n ha no bee r we by Se e be 4,201 Goode fld e e ge gre nc , di to d t n ene d pt m r 2, n ie m r ncy iva es ms ngt ha hi m e c ton r ne d.Ther pondi nur esad s d hi t thi stlton di ki o ve s dia i e we es ng s vie m ha s il i d n notmee t de i ton ofa e r nc a i tuced li t tl ar arr ques t be s e i t he fnii n me ge y nd nsr t lm o ie egul e t o en n t eme ia d p rme t ECFNo 9 3 Ex 1 &1 . h dc l e a t n .( . - , . 7 8) l tad of f l ng t e dieci ns Goode fl d a ir ques f s r c y as ng t nse olowi hes r to , n ie te t or e vies' ki he ' m e ca de rm e f at mpo a y s y o hi med c ton untlt doc o r viw e hi c r. di l pa t nt or e r r uppl f s iai i he t r e e d s ha t On Se e r7,201 Gooden r ceved ar s e i c tng t thehad be n s he e t s e pt mbe 2, e i e pons ndi a i ha e c dul d o e t doc ora he t boutha ng hi me c ton r we Two a ahal we ksafe hi a va a Gr e vi s dia i ene d. nd f e tr s ni l t e n Roc Goode s w t d t ,t d hi he wa e hi me c ton r ne k, n a he ocor ol m nt d s di a i e wed,a r ceve hi nd e i d s m e cai n. Goode a lgest tDr W a pu pos l i tuc e nur est t l i a e t the di to n le ha . ng r ey nsr t d s o el nm t s ha woul r ne me c tonsau oma i ly,bas d on r e oft rc rs t a t lpr tc was d e w dia i t tcal e eviw hei ha t; he c ua aci e t r ne m os m e c i onl i t i a e fl d a r ques t s e t doct f t r ne al o e w t di atons y f he nm t ie e t o e he or or he e w . 5 ECF No.8- p.1 EcF N o.9-l pp. 1-1 1, . , , 3. 7 I Cli 6,Goode s sDr W ang f rf lngt r ne hi m e c ton a omatcal a n am n ue . o aii o e w s di a i ut i ly nd f gi ng m i l a ng i t u tons I Cl i 7,G ood s s De e nt M a and Ti e f or vi s e di ns r c i . n a m en ue f nda s yes ckl or f lng t c ry e e ge aii o a r m r ncy ti pa ks of c ral c omm o y pr s rbe non- r otc m e cai i nl e c i d na c i di tons n Gr e Roc s pha ma y. Go n al ge t t t i om iso c ed hi hnr afe hi en k' r c ode le s ha her s i n aus m m tr s pr crpton e r d a be o ehes w t doc ort r ques ar il es i i xpie nd f r a he t o e t efl. To pr t tt c ls ofm e ca te t nthe r ei d nmount t a co tmtona ove ha he otr e di l r a me ec ve ed o nsi i l vi a i an i e m us s olton, nmat t how t pe s l t whos c e he was co mit e bied hat r onne o e ar m ted xhi t tdei r t i fe e ' t hi G e i medialne - Ese l v.Ga bl ,429 U. 97,1 4ç lbe a e ndif r nce' o s i rous s c eds' tle ' m e S. 0 1 6 ( 9 6 . Plitf mu talg fcsd mo s t t a,o j ci l d fn a tsl cso 0 1 7 ) anif s le e a t e n kai h t be tvey, ee d n ' t t r ng a o si n ( r )s fkin l h r u' - t a t e d fn a tsc n u tc u e s ro ij r o miso s we e u t e ty n mf l - h t h ee d n ' o d c a s d eius nu y r ' agg a ton ordeei aton ofan e si me c c ton. JJ a 1 An ofke acswih r vai tror i xitng dial ondii .. t 06. l, t r t t çdei r t i fe e e' i he t ç lbe a e ndif r nc ' f t knows of a dir ga ds a e e sve rs t i t heat o nd s e r n xc s i ik o nma e lh r sft . F r rv. ema 51 U. 8 , 3 ( 9 4 . An o fca' itni n la to o sin aey' n me Brr n, 1 S. 25 8 7 1 9 ) ' fi ils n e to a c r miso t tme el delysa i t sa e st ne es a y m e ca c r may sa ea c tt tona cai , ha r y a n nma e' cc s o c s r di l a e t t onsiu i l l m butonl i pl i ifs y f antf howst tt de e n ' c ha he f nda ts onduc r s t i s t ntalhn m t t pa int t e uled n ubsn i r o he te . W e b v.Hn d la ,281 F.Ap x 1 9 1 6 ( t Ci.2 08 ( iig oh r c s s. M ee b miu lh p' 5 , 6 4h r 0 ) ctn te ae ) r m apr tc orneg i nce i di nossdoesnotsa e a f de a ca m . Es el 429 U . a 1 l aci e lge n ag i tt e r l li t le, S. t 05 1 06. G oode s a l ga i do not s n' le tons uppor an Ei h Am e en c a m . Fis , he f l t t y ght ndm t l i rt ais o de onsr t t tt GERD s m pt she s f r d wihou hi m e c ton f a co e ofwe ks m tae ha he y om ufe e t t s dia i or upl e c tm t a s rous m e ca ne onsi ed e i di l ed. Goode a t t the co d c r t s pt s on a n dmis ha ul ontol he ym om s tt r basst ough di ta doe notsae f c s s hor-e m i hr e nd s tt a t uggesi t thi ove a lco ton was tng ha s r l ndii agg a t by t por r l be ng wihouthi m e ca i n. Se ond,G oode f is t de ons t r va ed em a iy i t s di to c n a l o m ka e 8 t ta oft de e nt a t d wih de i r t i fer nce The r or doesnoti c t t ha ny he f nda s c e t lbe a e ndif e . ec d ndia e hat Dr W a ha a knowl dge ofGoode orhi GERD s . ng d ny e n s ympt sort tt doc orknowi y om ha he t ngl de e hi te t nt Att mos,Goode a lgest tDr W a neglge ty f l d t f l ni d m r a me . he t n le ha . ng i n l aie o olow polc and pr pty r vi w hi c r ,w hi h i i ufi i ntt s iy om l e e s ha t c s ns fc e o uppor a c tt i lc a m ,a t ons iutona l i nd t t Dr W a s al d i tu ton t t n ls c us d a deay i Goode s te t e . Ye , ha . ng' lege nsr c i o he tr es a e l n n' r am nt t a cor ng t t polc t nt s de c i c di o he iy he l es s rbed,Goode kne wili t da t t t polc r n w tln wo ys ha he i y tm e i had no bee me . He alo kne fom t e ge y g i vanc r pons t tt i lne t n t s w r he mer nc re e es es ha he a opra e r m e was t fl a r s t be s e i t m e c l uni. I was Goode s ppr it e dy o ie eque t o e n n he di a t t n' subbom r f alt a tmptt sr med t tc us d t dely i li r cevi te t nt For t e us o te hi e y ha a e he a n ls e i ng r a me . t er a ons t c twils hes e s , he our l umm a iy dimi sGoode sCl m 6 a i tDr W ang,ptrla t rl s s n' ai ga ns . lslnt o j 1 5 b () 91 A( )1 . Si ia l Goode s a l ga i do not sa e a ac i bl cl i aga ns M a a m l ry, n' le tons t t ny tona e a m i t yes nd Tikl At t m os, t r f iur t c ry eme genc pac of GERD m e c ton wa c e. he t hei a l e o a r r y ks di a i s n gi e c ,whih i n ta to a l un e j1 3 Mo e ve,f rt er a o ssae ,Go d n' e lg n e c s o cin be d r 98 . ro r o h e s n ttd o e s al ga i dono i c t t the s f r d a a a ton ofhi m edia c to asar s tof le tons t ndi a e ha ufe e ny ggr vai s c l ondii n e ul d fnd n s c n u t Th c u t l sl rl ds s Cli 7 p u n t j1 5 b () ee a t' o d c. e o r wi l l mmaiy imis am , ms a t o 91 A( )1. C . Relzi DitVi a i ( ai s8- 6 i ous e ol ton Cl m 9) I Cl m s8 a 9,Goode alege t ton De mber20,201 Def nda M a i le t n ai nd n l s ha ce 2, e nt ron id o hi by cl i i t tt Food Se v c s r i o ha t d hi t bol m a m ng ha he r i e upe v s r d ol m he ogna on t f t a w a he ood r y s no por Goode who ha not e t por f 20 ye r be aus i i ba e by hi ll mi t k. n, d aen k or a s c e t s n'd s sn c r lgi belef ,ae t bol ei ous i s t he ogna i r la e o M a i n' f le a s anc a al ge y s f r d n ei nc n ro s a s s ur e nd le dl ufe e na e a m i a ne hea he a de p r lgi s e. Goode now be i ves t t t bol na us a, gr i dac , nd e e i ous hnm n le ha he og c a ne por a a s t t t t s r i or de e t lng M mi t t i was no por ont i d k, nd s ers ha he upe v s ni s eli on ha t t k. 6 ECF N o. 8-1 p.1,ECF No.9- pp.1 20. , . 1, 3- 9 Goode s ult t tM aro ha diti e a1 t non- k m e s o hi c ta le t n pec a es ha in d srbut d 1 he por al n s ar nd i d o Goode i or rt a d goi bac t t kic n f mor non- k m e s n n de o voi ng k o he the or e por al. Prs i t sr ai Fis Ame e pr eci oft fe e r s ofr lgi whih ion nma e et n r t ndm nt ot ton he r e xe cie ei on, c c n b lmie t a hiv lgtmaep noo ia o j cie . O' n v Esaeo S a z ,4 2 a e i td o c e e e ii t e lgc l b e tv s' Lo e . tt f h bn z 8 ' U. 3 2, 3 ( 98 ) Th s t n imae h s t c n tt to l rg t t o ti a e u t S. 4 48 1 7 . u , t n t a he o siuina ih o ban d q ae a nours e fom prs n f ihm nt r io oodsper itd by hi r lgi ditr r es t ls t prs sf itr m te s ei ous e a y ul ,m e s he ion' a lle t pr de s h f ods i r as bl r a e t a l tm a e penol ca i e es. Si m s v. o ovi uc o s e ona y elt d o egii t ogi l nt r t' m ' Ed n s 23 F.d 8 9 2 0 W L 1 4 9 , a * (t Ci.2 0 ) (n ubih d (ii mo d , 2 3 8 , 0 0 6 8 51 t 1 4h r 0 0 u p ls e ) ctnu Be n nv. nimi Coue ln,905F. 571,57 ( Ci.990) i 2d 9 2d r1 ). To sa eacli t tprs ofi a sorr ultonsha vi a e hi rg t feee c s tt am ha ion fcil eg a i ve olt d s i ht o r xer ie, pl i ifmus frtpr vet t c le ed,ofk i laci n s tntaly bur ne hi e r ie of antf t is o hat he ha lng t a to ubsa i l de d s xe c s a sn eey h l rlg o b le. He a d z v.Co r 4 0 U. 6 0 6 9 ( 9 9 . A ic rl ed, eiius eif m ne mm', 9 S. 8 , 9 1 8 ) ts fntalbur n' i one t t t l) s tnta prsur on a a r nt t modiy hi çubsn i de ' s ha G s ubsa il e s e put n dhee o f s be vi a t vi a e hi bele s' Thom a v.Re e Bd.ofI Empl e Se Di ,450 ha or nd o olt s if ,' s viw nd. oym nt c. v. U. 7 7 71 ( 9 ) S. 0 , 8 1 81.Ano f rsne lg n a to ta c u e a i maet volt h sr l i u fke ' gi e t cin h t a s s n n t o i ae i ei o s g di t y bei f on one oc son,howe r doesno rs t c tt i lpr pori ns See e. ear le s ca i ve , t ie o onsiutona o to . , g, Lo ea e v.Le ,47 F.d 1 4,2 1 (t Ci.2 0 ) (l an iq mus a sr c nsi u o v lc e 2 3 7 0 4h r 0 6 ûplitf t t se t o co s r i e i itre e e wih hi fe e cs rght t sae a vald cam t r j 1 ' ; ntntonal ne fr nc t s re xerie i s o tt i li mde 983.) 5 Galg e v.S l n,5 7 F.d 1 6 1 7 (0 h Ci.2 0 )( od n t tio ae ,n gi e t l h r het 8 3 0 3, 0 0 1 t r 0 9 h li g ha s ltd e lg n a o v oain o k s e r srcinsdd n ts p r F e Execs caml Sc r a ev.S a ,5 6 F. i lto f o h r e tito i o u po t r e rie li ; h e n e na 0 App' 1 1 ( d Ci.201 (i ng iolt ne i ntac di notvi ae i t s fe x 20, 24 3r r 2) fndi s aed, glge t d olt nmae' re e rie rg ) Cope xecs iht; nhave v.Mihian De of Core tons No.05CV- 6,2007 W L r c a p. rci , - 7328 2 0 9 5 ( D. c 2 0 )(idngo fca' r f s l o s p l k s rslda o me ldd n t 4 6 2 E. Mih. 0 7 fn i fiils e u a t u py o he aa t ne a i o i s s bsn ta bld no p an if r lgo se ecs ) mpo e u tnil t e n litf s ei iu x r ie . r Goode s al tons a e i ufk i t sa e a plusbl c am t tM a i kno ngl n' legai r ns t ent o t t a i e l i ha ron wi y vi aed hi r lgi rght .Fis,Goode doe note an how heknowst bol nawa por olt s e i ous i s r t n s xpli he og s k orde onsr t t tlnknowi c tmpton ofpor on one oc ason pl e a s t nta bur m tae ha l ng onsl i k c i ac d ubsn i l den on hi be if Cl ry, a i n' aci di notl es ur 'Goode t e tt me tt ta l dl s le s. ea l M ro s tons d i s e' pr n o a he a ha lege y vi aed hi belef. Se ol t s is cond,Goode does not a l e f c s i cai t t M a i kne t n leg a t ndi tng ha ron w he bol na he s r e t Goode wa por o ,mor i og evd o n s k r e mporan l t the kne Goode s e tng of t ty, ha w n' a i t bol he ogna woul vi a e hi r lgi bei f . At t m os, Goode al ge t t M aron d olt s e i ous le s he t n le s ha i ne i nty f ie t ve iy whehe t bol glge l a ld o rf t r he ogna waspor a led t c rt tf itr The e k nd i o ove ha a lle. s a lga i smpl a enots t intt s le tons i y r ufk e o uppo ta plusbl cli t tM aron knowi y pl e a r a i e am ha i ngl ac d s t i lbur n on Goode s r i i pr c i e s a t vi a e hi Fi s Am e ubsnnta de n' elg ous a tc o s o ol t s r t ndm e r gh s nt i t . Ac or ng y, t c t c udes t t Cli 8 a 9 agans Def nda M a i mus be c di l he our oncl ha a ms nd i t e nt ron t s mma i d s se wih u p eu ieu d rj1 5 b ( ) u rl imis d t o t rj dc n e 91 A( )1. y D . Gr e i vanc Pr edur Pr ems( ai 1 1 1 1 7 e oc e obl Cl ms 0- 5. 7- 8) I t ss tofcli s Goode r iesnume ousc n hi e am , n as r ompli sa ant boutt mn ri whi t he nne n ch he de e n ofk il i e e t i t p iva pr e lesa Gr en Roc I Cl i 1 he f nda t t a s mplm nt he nma e e nce oc dtr t e k. n am 0, as e t t tDef nda Ba d i d li ofhi rghtt fees e a e e son by a sng s rs ha e nt yne eprve lm s i o r pe ch nd xpr s i dvii hm ta imae rme y f r usn t e wo d tn o ee c ' wo l b rj ce f ru e o i h t n t e d o ms ig h r t c mp tn e' u d e ee t d o s f i i ol ntl ngua I Cl m s11a 1 Goode c ns e a ge. n ai nd 2, n ompl i t tBa sr f s lt 1 Goode s ans ha yne' e u a o og n' r m e f r bec us i di not c e dy o m a e t d ompl wih pr e e, a De e nt Cr wde - tn' y t oc dur nd f nda o rAusi s uphol ng t tde ii on a di ha c son ppea ,de i Goode ofli rghtt r r s g iva es Cli 1 l prved n ls i o ed e s re nc . am 3 as e t t Bay f lii d t r s s rs hat ne a sfe he e pons tme on a e r enc Fi vanc , i t rerng wih e i n me g y e e nef i t 1 ECF No.8- ,pp.2- ,ECF No. 9-1 pp.20- ECF No.9- ,pp.1 27. l 4. , 37; 2 - Goode sr g t utlz t e e ge y gre nc pr e s l Cl m s 1 a 1 G oode a l es n' i ht o ii e he m r nc i va e oc s . n ai 4 nd 5, n leg t tBa sr f s lt 1 c ran i or a co pl i sde i d Goode ofhi rghtt r dr s ha yne' e u a o og e t i nf m l m ant prve n s i o e es gre ivanc ,a Cr es nd owde - tn' uphol ng t t de ii n on a rAusi s di ha c so ppea ,de i d Goode ofhi l prve n s lghtt r dr s gre nc . l Cli 1 Goode as e t t t Ba ' i o e es iva es n a m 7, n s rs ha yne l ed onl a lm ie ogg y i td ml r of i or c mbe nf mal ompl n s e ch mont a a m e ns of e our gi i t t us ot ait a h s a nc a ng nma es o e her a ia em e nsofaddr s i c va lbl a e sng once s s assck c lr que t,a Cr m , uch i al e s s nd owde - tn afi med rAusi tr t emao i o Ba n ' itk d cso s tusc n tmtn ac ns ia yb t e t et o t r h j rt f y e s nn e e iin ,h o si ig o prc ewe n h wo fkes y t de i hi of t rghtt r dr s gre nc s Fi ly,i C l i 1 G oode c le s t o pr ve m he i o e es i va e . na l n a m 8, n ha l nge he c tt to lt oft VDOC' g iva epr e le be aus i l c ce r ove sghtt ensle onsiu i naiy he S re nc oc dtr c e t a ks ntal r i o tr t ti vi li tt i do no de i i esofa es t t g iva epr dm es ha ndi dua nsiutons t prve nmat cc s o he 'e nc oce r . Thes a l a i do not gi rs t a c tt i l c a m . I a es do not ha a e leg tons ve i e o ny ons iutona l i nm t ve c tt tonal pr t td rg t a gre nc pr dur or t utlz a e si pr e e. onsiu i ly o ece i ht o iva e oce e o iie n xitng oc dur Ad msv Rie 40F.d7 , 5 (t Ci.1 9 ) Flc v. ba 9 2F.d 7 , 2 (t Ci.1 91. a . c , 3 2 7 4 h r 9 4 ; ik Al , 3 2 28 7 9 8h r 9 ) Acc di y,a prs ofk i ' f iur t c or ngl ion t als al e o ompl wih t sae prs sgre ncepr e e i y t he tt ion' iva oc dur s n ta to a l t e j 1 8 .M a nv. n , 5 F.d6 9 6 0( t Ci.1 8 ) o cin b e md r 9 3 n Ad ms 8 5 2 3 , 4 9h r 9 8 . Unde t e prnci es Gooden ha no a tona ecli t thew a de i d o t rg r hes i pl , s c i bl a m ha s m ve f he i ht t fees ec ort rghtt r dr s g iva es m e e y be us ofk i salege y de i hi o r pe h he i o e e s re nc , r l ca e t al l dl prved m of s ome as c of t es ihe gre nce pr e le t wlih he ha no pr t c e rght pe t he ubls d i va oc dtr o tc d oe td i . M or ve ,hi o a l tons i c t t the has a tm a i m e tr by whih t û e es eo r s wn legai ndi a e ha le tve aszes c o l dr s r p i va s ' e r s hi rghtt f e s c The m e e f c t thi gr e nce usng t wor e nce ' or xe ci e s i o ' e pee h. r r a t ha s ' va i i he d çn o tn e' yb rj ce f rusngis ln ln ua ed e n td p i eMm o terg tt ç c mpee c 'ma e ee td o i n oe t a g g o s o e rv i f h ih o m a c pl nt a ke om ai s boutempl oyee c onduc . Fi l be us Goo ha no consiu i nalrght t naly, ca e den s tt to i t t greva e pr edtr , he a s ha no c tt i l ba i f com pl nt a o he i nc oc le lo s onsiutona s s or ai bout t he pr dm e' pr vii oce s o s ons or srz t e. t t ur c Fi ng no c tm tona de i ton a i i f om ndi ons i i l pr va i r s ng ' r Goode s a lga i , t c t wil sl ma iy dimis Cli s 1 1 a 1 1 unde n' le tons he our l lm rl s s am 0- 5 nd 7- 8, r j 1 5 b ( ) a lg lyfio o . 91 A( )1, s e al rv lus E . Re alaton ( ai 16 8 t i i Cl m ) l Cli 1 Goode a lges t t Ba n am 6, n le ha yne de i d Goode of hi rght t r dr s prve n s i o e es g i va e w he s r t la ed ag ns hi f wr tng gre nc by ha ng hi t a f r e t a r e nc s n he e a i t ai t m or ii i va es vi m r ns e r d o hi rl ve s trt i tt ton. On Fe u r 4,201 Ba al ge y t d Goode t tbe us ghe e l ecliy nsiu i br a y 3, yne le dl ol n ha ca e s wa tr d ofhi greva es s had s he s ie s i nc , he poke t t rghtpe s and Goode wa Gou t he e. n o he i r on n s t ta r Cali t e P g e efc. ( No.9 1 p.3 . Two d y ltr Go d n wa ka fre t a l t h o u fe t' ECF ' - , 4) a s ae , o e s nser d o hi rs c iy prs alhoug heha no as d f r a wasnotei bl f ,atans e . ghe e urt ion, t h d t ke o , nd lgi e or r f r G t lai n by apublc ofk i lf t e r ie ofc tt i lrghti a tona eunde û ai to Re i t a or he xe c s onsiutona i s c i bl r 42 U. C.j1 e n i t a t whe tke f difrntr s ,wo d ha be n pr r' S. 983 ve f he c, n a n or fee ea ons ul ve e ope . ' Ameian Ci lLi ri Unin v.W iomio Co y,999 F. 78 785 ( h Ci.1 ) An rc vi be tes o c c unt 2d 0, 4t r 993 . i t G antf mus ale eihe t tt r t it y ac wastke i r pons t t e r ie nma e t i if pl t lge t r ha he eala or t a n n es e o he xe c s ofa co tmtonaly pr t c e rghtort tt a tis l vi a e s h a rg .' Adn s 40 F. nsi i l o e t d i ha he c te f olt d uc i ht' m , 3d a 75. He mus alegef t s wi t thi e c s ofhi consiutonalrg wa a s t nta t t l acs ho ng ha s xer ie s tt i i ht s ubsa il fco moi tn tertlao ya to .Se . ..W io c Comt , 9 F.da 7 5 (incMt a tr t ig h eaitr ci n e eg, c mio l v 9 9 2 t 8 ct va i . He l CiySc o lDitit r o Ed c to v Do l, 2 U. 27 28 ( 9 7 Hemus at t h o src Boad f u ain . ye 4 9 S. 4, 7 1 7 :. hy t a s s w t the s f r d s lo ho ha ufe e ome a r e i c on t c i d e r i e ofhi c tt i l dve s mpa t he ontnue xe c s s onsiutona rg t a a rs l o t e alg d rtl to L- a 7 6 (i dn ta mee i o v ne e i i hs s e ut f h le e eai in. d t 8 fn ig h t r nc n e inc n a s e ecs o c n tmt n l ih sn ta v ree o ht c n t ea to a l rtlain) x r ie f o si i a rg t o d e s n ug o o si cin b e eaito . o mt Goode s a l ga i f l t s n' le tons ai o uppor t e e e s of a r t i ton c a m . Fis , a t he l m nt e ala i li rt s dic s d,bec us i t ha no c tt tonalrghtt pa tcpae i a g i va e pr dur s us e a e nma es ve onsiu i i o rii t n re nc oce e, B ECF No*8- 'pp. 2- FECF No.9- pp.341 3. 1, 37. Goode wasno e r sng a c tt i l pr e t d rghtwhe he di s M or ve ,heha n t xe cii onsiutonaly ot c e i n d o. eo r d no co tt i lrghtt be ho ed i aprs ofa pa tc a s curt r nki Se M ea hum nsiutona i o us n ion ny riulr e iy n ng. e c v Fa o 4 7U. 21 ,2 3 2 4 ( 9 6 . Go d n as f ist d mo srt ta Ba n ' alg d . n , 2 S. 5 2 - 2 1 7 ) o e lo al o e n tae h t y e s l e e rtlain (h ta se)c usd a y a ves i a to h sa ii t e r iel sc n tmto a eaito te rn fr a e n d re mp c n i blt o xecs l o si in l y i rght . Se ond,ot rt n Bay ' a lge c i s c he ha ne s le d omm e a nt boutge tng hi ta f re Goo f is ti m r ns e r d, den a l t s o how t tr t la i plyed a pa ti hi ta f r He a ist tli s c iy poi swe e ha e a iton a ny r n s r nse . dm t ha ts e urt nt r not i ons s e w ih a s gnm e t t f c lt t w hi h he w a t a f r e nc i t nt t s i nt o he a iiy o c s r ns e r d. I addii n,he n to saes no f c s s tt a t howi t t Ba ng ha yne,a gre nce coo di t r ha a pe s na a hort or s i va r na o , d ny r o l ut iy i l nc wha s ve ove ta f r decsons For t e r a ons t c t wil s nfue e toe r r r ns e ii . hes e s , he our l umm a iy rl ds s wi u p eu ie Cli 1 ,algng rtlao y ta se b Dee d n Ba n ,t e imis t t rj dc am 6 le i eait r rn fr y fn a t y e md r ho j 1 5 b ( ) f rf ilet s ea ya to a l cam. 91 A( )1, o alr o ut n cin be li t F. St eCourtDecsons( ai s1 20 9 at ii Cl m 9- ) Goode wa c ced t n s onvit mder t na e G ubr Di Goode ' l 1 he m W ey on n. n 988, be or ' f e c onve tng t Il m , l galy c nge hi na t rVigi a 1w t Lor nz Ahm a Sc pi ri o sa he e l ha d s me mde r ni a o e o r or o. The i J y of201 w he he w a i ar e a e a Sus e lSt t Prs G oode f l d ape ii n n, n ul 2, n s nc c r t d t s x a e i on, n ie tto i Sus e Cot y Cic tCour,s eki t c nge hi nnme t ç ubr y Di Goode El' f r n sx mt r ui t e ng o ha s o W e on n- ,' o r i ousr as . The cr ui c tdenid t pe ii fndi t tGoode ha nots elgi e ons ic t our e he tton, i ng ha n d hown a ny compeli r s n f t c nge as r quied by t a i a e sae sa t On a al t lng ea o or he ha , e r he pplc bl t t tm e. ppe , he Suprme Cour ofVigi a rvi e t r ni e ewed t peii he tton,de e Goode s a iai t pr ee L nid n' pplc ton o oc d q f m a pa rs a ga Goode 30 da t pa t $50. flng f e. W he Goode f ie t or upe i , nd ve n ys o y he 00 ii e n n a ld o pa t f ,t c t s is dt pe ii y he ee he our dim s e he tton. 9 ECF No.8- p.4,EcF No.9- ,pp.271, . 2 37. 14 I Cli 1 ,Go d n s e te S se Co n y crui c u tj d e a srig t a hs n am 9 o e u s h u sx u t ic t o r u g , se t h t i n de ii n ofOc obe 1 201 t de Goode s peii n t c nge hi lga nn e f r lgi c so t r 7, 2, o ny n' tto o ha s e l m or ei ous r as ,was lgaly e r ous unde Vigi a lw a de i pl ntf of hi rghtt fe e ons e l rone r r ni a nd prved ai if s i o re e ecs o hsIlmi b les I Cli 2 , o e s e alh j sie o t eS p e Co r o x r ie f i sa c eif. n am 0 Go d n u s 1 te u tc s f h u rme u t f Vig ni a s ri t tt i de ii n t de Goode sa ia i t pr e i f ma pa rs r i a, s e tng ha her c so o ny n' pplc ton o oc ed n or upe i de i d hi ofhi rghtofa e st t c t o a prve m si cc s o he our t ppea t Sus e Count c tsde son a l he s x y our' cii nd, t r by,de i hi ofhi rg t fe e r ie ofhi l lm i bei f . Asr le ,Goode s ks he e prved m s i ht o ' e xe c s r s sn c le s ei f n ee ad caao y j dg n a ij n tv rle ,e s nil dr cig t e e o t ast r o n hi e lrtr u me t nd n u cie eif s e tal ie tn h s fkil o e pe s y nnme-ha c e i Sus e Count a li a ali t Supr m e Cour of Vigi a Thes c nge as n sx y nd ls ppe n he e t r ni . e cl m smus be dim is d a moot ai t s se s . Th j rs ito o fd r l o rsi lmie t lv c s so c n r v ris U. Co t a t e u idcin f e ea c u t s i td o ie a e r o to e se . S. ns. r. 11 j 1 l deveopme soccz durngt c ls ofac s whihrndert c tuna et grnt 1, . f l nt tr i he otre ae c e he our bl o a a pa t t r le r que t d,t cli s mus be dimis d as moot Count of Los Ang esv. ry he ei f e se he am t s se . v el Da s 440 U. 625,631( 97 .Theta f orrl s ofaprs rg r l rndesmoot vi, S. 1 9) r nser eea e ione enealy e r a y camsf rij n tv o d caao y rle r ltn t t f r rplc o c n i e n . e n li o n u ci e r e lrt r eif eaig o he o me a e f o fn me t Se , eg,W i ims v Grfi ,9 2 F.d 8 ,8 3 (t Ci.9 )(i ig t a p io e ' ta fr .. l n . ifn 5 2 20 2 4 h r1 91 fndn h t rs n rs rnse l r n ee mo th scamsf rij n tv a d d ca ao yr l g. e d rd o i li o n u cie n e lrtr ei e Goode s s isons i cae t t snce he fl d hi nn e c n' ubm s i ndi t ha i ie s m hange pe ii i Sus e tton n sx Co y,whe ehewa t n i a c r t d, ha be ta f red t cet prs f ciii sl a e unt r s he nc r e a e he s en r nse r wi o ion a lte oc t d i oh rj rs ito s c us Go d n i n lng ric eae i S s x Comt t S se n t e u idcin .Be a e o e s o o e n rc rtd n use t y,he u sx Co n yc u t ln e ha j rs ito t o d rh sn mec n e Th , o e scamsa kn u t o r no o g r s u idcin o r e i n ha g . us Go d n' li s ig t sc tt or rc ti a tonsby t Sus e Cot y c ta t Supr m eCour ofVigi a hi our o de era n c i he s x mt our nd he e t r ni r r ng t Sus ex Cot y l ws t c n no l r ha t desr d out m e a mus be ega di he s mt a ui a onge ve he ie co nd t dimis d a moot I Goode sil desr s t s k a nn c nge,he i advie t t hi s se s . f n tl ie o ee me ha s s d ha s a opra er dy i t fl t pr rpeii i t cic tcour i t c mt orct whe ehe ppr it eme s o ie he ope tton n he r ui t n he ol y iy r i now i r e ae t a a t t Supr m eCour ofVigi afom t cr ui c tsr lng,i s nca c r td, o ppe l o he e t r ni r he ic t our' u i f war nt a i siluns tsi wih t o c e t pe ii n t Uzied Stt Supr m e Cour ra ed, nd, f tl aifed t he ut om , o tto he lt a es e t f rawrtofce to a i o i ri r r. C oncl i us on For t r as sa e t c ttnds t t Goode f is t a lge f c s sai a he e ons t t d, he our i ha n a l o le a t t tng ny c ttto lcamsa tona eunde j1 onsiuina li ci bl r 983. To t e e t thema as berii cli he xtnt ha y lo asng ams t e s e lw,te c u td cie t e ecs s p lme tlj s ito o r s c cams md r kt a h o r e ln s o x r ie u pe n a midcin ve u h li , ptruan t 28 U. C.j 1 c. Theeor t c tdimis st e ie c ai wihout ls t o S. 367() rf e, he our s se he ntr ompl nt t p eu ie p ru n t j1 5 b)1 .Ana p o raeo d rwi e trt i d y. rj d c , u s a t o 91 A( () p r p it r e l ne h s a l The Cl r i dieced t s nd c es oft s me o a e k s r t o e opi hi m r ndum opi ion and a c pa ng c om nyi o dert pl i if r o a ntf . ENTER: Tli J & da ofDe mbe ls W y ce r 2013. , G cww w Chi fUnied St t Diti tJ e t aes src udge

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