Johnson v. Director, Virginia Department of Corrections, No. 7:2013cv00067 - Document 25 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 12/17/2013. (kab)
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r.l p< I TH E U N I N TED STATE S D I STRI T C O U RT C FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STR I T O F VI G I A C R NI R O A N O K E DIV ISIO N DE2 1? 2 1 23 J A ULI BK K EN NETH W AY N E JO H N SO N , sA cEu. , ns cour> oFFl s sr. TRoANoK;, vA F1r4 l3 ' CA SE N O .7: 3CV 00067 1 U L' C Y f , UI CI W Y F Pe ii r, ttone M EM OM NDUM O PI ON M Dl t l Ecl' l V I G I I D EPA R TM EN T ot R N A oFC ORRE T ONS CI , B :J me C T r y a s . uk Seni Uni e St esD i t i Judge or t d at srd R e ponde . s nt Ke t W ay J ms a Vigi a i e pr e ng pr K ,fl d t spe ii f a nneh ne ol on, r ni nmat oc edi o ie hi tton or wrto h be sc r us pt s a tt 2 U. C.j22 4 c le gn te Oco e 7 2 1j d me t i f a a o p , l u n o 8 S. r 5 , haln ig h t b r , 01 u g n oft Cic t Co tof t Ciy ofBrsol Vigi a,unde whih he snnds co c e ofdr g he r ui ur he t it , r ni r c t nvit d u ofe e a s e e t 40 ye s i prs n,wih 30 ye r s pe d. 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I t pl agr e e ,J ms n si a e t tt e de t Com monweat c d n he ea e m nt ol o tpult d ha he vi nce he lh oul o fra an tl wa s fce tt s p o t sc n ito a dt a v n ea djlidito o e t e fe g is lm s ufiin o u p r hi o vcin n h t e u n t s cin v r h i r c r es was pr r I e ha , t Comm onwe t a e t r omm e t t J on ha g ope . n xc nge he a1h gr ed o ec nd ha ohns r c ve a s ntnce of20 ye r a fne of$ e ei e e a s nd i 2000 f ea h c ,t r n c e utve,butwih a 1 or c ount o u ons c i t 1 bu 1 ye soft prs tme s pe d. t 0 ar he ion i us nde The pl a amee e i c t J hns sunde sa ng oft c r a t tr sand e m nt ndi aed o on' r t ndi he ha ges nd he em c e nce of hi pl a ag e men a t he ha co ule wih hi a tm e a ons que s s e r e t nd hat d ns t d t s to y bout t he eeme st be pr ve t co c hi . The ag e m e a s i c t d t tJ ms n waswavi l nt o o n o nvit m r e nt lo ndia e ha ol o i ng c ran ti lrght a hi rgh t appe l t theha no bee c r d orpr ied a hi by e ti ra i s nd s i t o a , ha d t n oe ce om s nyt ng t Comm onwe 1h i e ha f t pl ot rt n t wrte tr s oft a ee nt t t he at n xc nge or he ea he ha he itn e m he gr me , ha he ha c uled co ms a was s ts d wih c d ons t t el nd ai /e t ouns ls s r c ,a t t he wa pl a ng e ' e vies nd ha s e di g lybe aus hewa g ly oft c r d c i . uit c e s uit he ha ge rmes J ohns al o s gne a g ly pl a ques i on s i d uit e tonnaie afi m i hi t de s a ng of t pl r , fr ng s m r t ndi he ea a ee e ,t co e gr m nt he ns quenc ofpl adi g ly,a hi po e i le es e ng uit nd s t nta xpos e t t lf s nt nc . m o wo i e e e es Hei c e on t f m t tha co plt d hi s hoola s e c l ge c s s t thewa ndiatd he or ha d m e e gh c nd om ole our e , ha s notunde t i ue ofd ugsoraco ,and t the had dic s d wih c r he v nce r l hol ha s us e t ouns lwhehe t e t r he d fns o a c mmo ainmih a p yi h sc s .J h o v r al c nfr dt t til u g ee e f c o d to g t p l n i a e o ns n eb l o ime o he ra j d e y t thehad a we e t quesi ,sgne t quesi ie,unde sood t pl a a e m e ,a ha ns r d he tons i d he tonnar rt he e gr e nt nd a e wih is si la i . I s gr ed t t tptltons n uppor oft g ly pla,i a ton t J ms s si a i ns t he uit e n ddii o ol on' tpulto , t Com monwe 1h ofe ed i o e denc c rii a e of a yss oft dr i ved i t he at f r nt vi e e tfc t s nal i he ugs nvol n he ta a tonsf whih J r ns c i or c ohns wa cha ge a e de eofhi prorc ci ns on s r d nd vi nc s i onvi to . W ih r ga d t s nt nc ng,de e eco ms lr quese t tJ t e r o e e i f ns t e e t d ha ohns n ber f n'd t af c lt o e e e o a iiy whe e he coul r eve me c lteam e tf melnoma. Be or ac e i J r d ec i di a r t n or a f e c ptng ohns spla a on' e nd pr m cng s nt nc t cour a ke J onol i e e e, he t s d ohns n i heha anyt ngt s y. J hns sae o f d hi o a o on t td: Yo rHo o slt r i' asd d y wh nt e ( it l o ie hav )t c l u n r hik ts a a e h Brso p lc l l e o al l s ome ol m a up i Abi d n n ngdon,sti a home,m i ng hi own busne s a itng t ndi s i s , nd t ri or a cal Mm f l tmest tda The ls tme c y ng,be ng hi hei nf m nt ls otr i ha y. at i r i ggi m t plas go ...and ge hi s o e e t m ome pil a brng t m do her t hi ....I ls nd i he wn e o m t ik i' j s as d d y wh n t Brso PoieDe a t n h st d s mehn l n ts u t a a e he it l l t c p rme t a o o o t ig lket tt c c a o1 m a lkeme f s lngpil . i ha o onvit n d n i or eli ls Pl Tr ns rpt11 Se t 15,2011 The c ta ke G T J ea a c i , p. . our s d, t . ohns sr i lghtoft tsa e e , M on, i, n i ha tt m nt do you wih t c nge yourguly pl ?' 1 1 J s o ha it ea ' d. 2. ohns a we e : YotrHonor Idi on ns r d, ç No, t . d wha t y s i l di ' I The c t t n s ntnc d J hns i a co da e wih t pl a t he ad d.' d. our he e e e o on n c r nc t he e ag ee e tt at alof40 yea si prs wih 30 ye r s pende ohns di nota a . r m n o ot r n ion t a s us d.J on d ppe l J ohns fld a tme y pe ii f a wrt of ha s c pus i t Supr m e Co t of on ie i l tton or i bea or n he e ur Vigi a. By or rda e J r ni de t d anua y 1 201 t Supr me Cour ofVigi a dim is d J r 0, 3, he e t r ni s s e ohns s on' p tto ( c r No. 21 75 . eiin Re od 1 4 ) J on t n fl hi tmey j2254 peiin. Li rly consr d, he ale s t ohns he ied s i l tto beal tue lge he f l i c a m sf r i : olow ng l i or elef Pe ii ne wa o y guit ofditi i dr gsa a a omm oda i tto r s nl ly srbutng u s n cc ton; 2. Pe ii rs s nt e vi lt d t 8 Amendme bec us i wa ttone ' e enc o a e he * nt a e t s dipr tona et hi c i s opori t o s rme; Pe ii ne ' s n e tto rs e t nce vi a e t 1 t Ame m e by teai li olt d he 4h nd nt r tng tm dif r nty t n G i lry st t 'pe e fe e l ha t mia l iuaed' opl ; s 4. Pe ii ne ' gu ly pl i l a y bec us hi m e c ton a m i tto rs it ea nvo untr a e s di ai nd ni sr tokespr ve t d hi fom t nki ce ry; e n e m r hi ng la l Pe ii rwa de e t d pr es rghtt know t e de e agans ttone s ni d he ue oc s i o he vi nc i t hi a c r hi ac us r bec us he di notknow t na e oft m nd onfont s c e s a e d he m he contde ili or ntors et dic r i nta nf ma e he s ove y; 6. The pr e ut f ie t dic os e ul or e de e t peii ,who os c or a ld o s l e xc pat y vi nc o ttoner neve s w t dicove y,D VD S o polce r por ; r a he s r ,r i e t 7. Co e was i feci i f ii t ar uns l ne f tve n alng o gue or pr s t e de e of e en vi nc ac om m oda i a s nt nci c ton t e e ng. Re po en m ovest dim ist e c am sa pr edur ly ba r d fom f r lha a r viw or s nd t o s s hes l i s oc al r e r ede a be s e e wihoutmert J t i. ohns ha r s nde ma ng t m a trrpe f diposton. on s e po d, ki he te i or s ii 1 1 A . St andards ofR e e vi w & f de a c tor na iy m a no c i rcai st ta pe ii rf ie t r s a t t e r l our di rl y t onsde l m ha A ttone al d o aie t he tm eand i t mnnn r quie undersa e l unl s the prs rde onsr t s c us f t i n he er e r d tt aw es t ione m ta e a e or he d futa d p eu iefo tea s re er r' Tee u v. a s n 6 9F.d 3 2, 2 (t Ci. e a l n rj dc r m h s etd ro .' lg z Pe ro , 8 3 2 3 7 4 h r ' 201 )(uoi Ho e v Bel 5 7 U. 51 ,5 6 (0 6 l a sae c u te p e sy ba e is 2 g tng us . l, 4 S. 8 3 2 0 :. f tt o r x r sl s s t dim is of a ha a c am on a sa e pr e alnle,a t t pr edur lr e pr vi a s s al be s l i t t oc dur l nd ha oc a ul o des n i pe nta a quae gr md f t dim is l t f r lve son oft tha as cai i nde nde nd de t ot or he s s a, he ede a r i ha be l m s p o e t al b re fo r ve o te me is Brad v. u t 1 4 F.d 61 ,61 (t Ci. r c dz ly a rd r m e iw n h rt. e r Pr et 3 3 5 9 4 h r r 1 9 )(iigColma v Tho s n, 01U. 7 2, 313 ( 9 :.A f d rlh b a c u t y 9 8 ctn e n . mp o 5 S. 2 7 - 2 1 91 e ea a e s o r ma r viw t me is ofa pr ed al def ule cli o y i pe ii rde onsr t sca e f t e e he rt oc ur ly a t d am nl f ttone m ta e us or he d futa d r s lig p eu ie o ma e ac lrbl s wi o a li o e c . Bra d 1 4 e a l n e utn rj dc r k s oo a e ho ng f dua nn c n e e r , 3 F. a 620. A n e r by c 3d t r or ouns l m a s r e a c us f r a def ul, but o y i pe ii ne e y ev s a e o a t nl f tto r demonsr t st tt e r wa s egr gi t ti vi a edpe ii r sconsi i rghtt t ta e ha he ror s o e ous ha t olt ttone ' tmtonal i o he efciea ssn c o c u s l Ed r v. r e tr 5 9U. 4 6 4 - 2( 0 0 . fe tv sitn e f o n e . wads Cap n e , 2 S. 4 , 515 2 0 ) W h naj2 5 p tto rsh b a cam h sb e a j dc tdo t me isi saec u t e 2 4 ei ne ' a e s li a e n du iae n he rt n tt o r i p o e dng ,t e fdea rve c u tc n tg a tr le t e ste sae c u tsa j dc to r c e i s h e rl e iw o r n no rn eif mls h tt o r' du iain G e uled i a decson t twa c r r t ori ved a lnr s bl a plc ton of c e dy ûs t n r ii ha s onta y o, nvol n l ea ona e p i a i , la 4 esa ihe Fede a l w,a dee m i by t Supr me Cour oft Unie Stt s' 28 U. C. t bls d r l a s tr ned he e t he t d a e ,' S. j2 4 d ( ) o te utd i ad cso t twa b s d o a t e s n b ed tr n to o t e 25 ( )1, r l s le n e iin ha s a e n n mra o a l eemi ai n f h r f t i lg oft e de epr e e i t Stt co tpr e ng,' 28U. C.j225 d)2) acs n iht he vi nc esntd n he ae ur oc edi ' S. 4( ( ; seas Hnrngo v. c tr 1 S. . 7 , 8 ( 01 ) e lo ri tn Rih e, 31 Ct 7 0 7 5 2 1. B. Di cus i ofCl m s s s on ai 1 Pr edur l D e aule C l m s . oc aly f t d ai Ther ponde a guest tCl i s2 and 3 a epr dur ly de auled. 1 Fort f l wi es nt r ha am r oce a l f t he olo ng r s ,t c t a e . J hns pr s e e h of t s cl i s i hi s a e ha as pe ii ea ons he our gr es o on e ent d ac he e a m n s t t be tton, a t Supr m e Cour of Vigi a e es l he d t t t y we e pr dtr ly ba r d fom nd he e t r ni xpr sy l ha he r oce la l re ' r h be srviw t rSa tnv. ria 2 5 S. 2 6 0 68 ( 9 4 , e a s J l o fie t a a e e mde lyo Parc n, 0 E.d 8 , 2 1 7 ) b c u e oms n ald o r s t s is aie he e s ues a t i l a on die a al Sl vt n i a vald s a e pr e al r e, t r a nd r ct ppe . a o s i t t oc dur ul i d p n e to t fd rlq eto a da e uaet s p o th j d me t S eSmihv. u ry, n e e d n f he e e a u sin n d q t o u p r t e u g n . e t M ra 4 7 U. 5 ,5 3 3 ( 9 6 ;F s e v. meo e 1 3 F.d 8 5 8 4 (t Ci.1 98 . J l o 7 S. 27 3 - 9 1 8 ) ih r Ar l n , 6 3 3 , 4 4 h r 9 ) oms n f ist s o c u ef rt i d futo r s li prj diea dma e noc l rb ecam o a t a al o h w a s o hs ea l r e utng eu c n k s o o a l li f cu l imoc nce Ther f e,t e c am sa e a s pr ed aly ba r d fom f der lha Šsr viw a z e . e or hes l i r lo oc ur l re r e a be e e nd m us bedim is Br a d,1 F. a 620. t s s ed. e r 34 3d t 2. Vol ar G uit Pl a unt y ly e l Cl m 4,J l s a s rs t thi guit pl a w a i ld be a e he w asno m e a l n ai o m on s e t ha s ly e s nva i c us t nt ly ca bl ofunde sa ng t pr e di .Spe ii aly,he c e t ta t tme oft guit pa e rt ndi he oc e ngs c fc l ont nds ha t he i he ly pla,hewastki 1 mg.ofNe i dal and ha s frd t ee ETI atc (111 e a ng 600 montn iy d ufee hr G A ta ks 1 1sr l' Pe.7. He ofe sc e ofhi medialrc dst tmento hi me c ton a li tokes. t ' fr opis s c e or ha in s diai nd ls va i m e ca c tons i l ng ne ol ca is s J rous di l ondii , ncudi ur ogi l s ue . ohns cli st ta a r ul oft on am ha s es t he me c ton a sr s he s f r mz bne si hi l tsde m e o y l s a l sofsg i dia i nd toke , ufe ed m s n s ef i , m r os , nd os i ht n ' Johnson' f alCl m 1w ilbe a es ed l eri t sopi on. s eder ai l ddr s at n hi ni 5 hi l te s ef ye. He Šs r s t t onl afe he ha be n of t dr f t m ont di he s a tt s e t ha y tr d e f he ug or wo hs d tr o r gai hi me or a unde sandwha ha ha ne dm i t c i na pr e ngs e n s m y nd rf t d ppe d ng he rmi l oce di . J ms n pr s nt smia al ga i i hi sa e pe ii a t Supr m e Cour of ol o e e ed i lr le tons n s tt tton, nd he e t V igi a de e r i , fndi t t J hns ha f ie t de ons r t w hy he s d not be r ni ni d elef i ng ha o on d a l d o m t a e houl bound by li s n saeme st thi guit pl a wasvol ar ctng Anderon v.W a de ls wor t t nt ha s ly e unt y, ii s r n, 281S. 2d 885,888( 1 ) Andes n hol t twhe ase tnga i feci asitnceof E. Va. 981. ro ds ha n s ri n nef tve ssa c t e cam t iv ld t a p e ,a sae h be speiin ri p o i i d (b e ta a e u t o ms l li o n aiae la tt a a t o e s r h bt a s n n d q ae t e ras fom prs ntng fcs t t diecl c r r hi pror s e nt c e ni e on) r e e i a t ha r ty ontove t s i Gtme s onc r ng vol ai soft plaora quac ofti c e.J Thesaec tf md t tnohi i untrnes he e de y ral ouns l #. tt our ot ha t ng n J ms n' ha a peii n t r nedt ve a iy ofhi sa e nt d i t pl c l ol o s be s tto mde mi he r ct s tt me s urng he ea oloquy t t ha he unde sood t pr e ngsa t c e nce a had c rt he oc edi nd he ons que s nd omm itd t ofe e conduc as te he f ns t c ge har d. Thec u t a n tfn tesaec u tsa j dc to o t scam t b u r a o a l u d r o r c n o i d h tt o r' d u iain f hi li o e n e s n b e n e j2 4( .Un e e tbih dfd rllw, 25 * d r sa ls e e ea a t r pr s ntto oft de enda , hi l wy ,a t pr e ut a s h a he e e e ai ns he f nt s a er nd he os c or t uc h mi g a wela a yfndn sma eb tej d ea c pi tepla c nsi t a e n , s l s n i ig d y h u g c e t h e , o tt e ng u f m i bl ba re i a s e ntc l t r lpr ee ngs Sol m n dec a a i or da e r i r n ny ubs que ola e a oc di . e l r tons i ope co tc r y asr pr umpton ofve iy. s eq ntpr s ntton of n n ur a r tong es i rt The ubs ue e e ai c ncus r alg to st u p re b s e i i s be tt sl r d s sa, o l o y le ain ms p o td y p ct s u j c o l ks mmay imisl asa ec e i t ti t f ceoft r co dar wholy i r di e. r ont ntons ha n he a he e r e l nc e bl Blc e v. ls 431U. 63,73- ( 977) Tomot ac ltr latc ofhi g lypla, a kldae Alion, S. 74 1 . mt olae a ta k s uit e pe ii rmus ofe vai r as why hi pro sa e nt s d no be co l i y a ce ed ttone t f r ld e ons s i r t t me s houl t ncusvel c pt a t e Vi v. u ei tn e tPo aa Co cina, 43F.d 1 7 1 - 2( j ) s nl. a S p rne d n wh tn ae to l6 2 6 , 717 1 81 . J on' ca m t tm e cai n and m i - tokespr ve e hi fom unde sa ng t ohns s li ha di to nisr e nt d m r rt ndi he pl a ee nta guit pl a pr e ngs i diecl c r c e by hi s . saeme s t ea gr me nd ly e oce di s r ty ontadit d s wol t t nt o n t c r a t pl a hea i H e i c t d t t he w a no unde t i l nc of dnl a t t he ou t t he e rng. ndi a e ha s t r he nf ue e gs t ha 6 tme. Hi r s ns dtrng t pla c l i s e po es li he e oloquy i c t r peaedl t the ha cons t wih ndi aed, e t y, ha d uled t c ouns a ,a unde sood,t c ge t pl a a e m e , hecons que sofhi pla,a el bout nd rt he har , he e gr e nt t e nce s e nd t si aton i t a ee nt t t t Comm o he tpul i n he gr me ha he nweat co d pr e r ee e of t lh ul ove ve y lm nt he c ge.J har ohns ss n ousc on' pontne omm e st t co ta t e oft he rng a s i c t d hi nt o he ur t he nd he a i lo ndia e s unde sa ng of t evi nce t c r ,a t g ly pl a pr e ngs Hi s fs r i r t ndi he de , he ha ge nd he uit e oce di . s el- e vng, a trt f c c am sofbeng i a iaed a t hea i by m e o y l sa c uson i uc d fe -he-a t l i i nc pact t t he rng m r os nd onf i nd e by m e c ton a sr ke a e sm pl no c edi e,whe co pa e t hi s e n de a ai nson di ai nd to s r i y t r bl n m r d o s olm clr to t r c d t t c r r Thus t co t c ude t t J he e or o he onta y. , he ur oncl s ha ohns f is t over ome t on a l o c he pr umpton of ve a t at c d t hi s l sa e nt i c tng t thi guit pla was es i r ciy ta he o s wo' t t me s ndi a i ha s ly e n k o n a dv ln ay a dtee o e v l n wig n ou tr , n h r f r, ai c u etesaec urs a j dc t n o ti cam d.Be a s h tt o t' d u iai f h s li o wa neihe c r r t nora unr s na e a ia i ofcea l e t bls d f de all w,a s t r onta y o n ea o bl pplc ton l ry sa ihe e r a nd wa no bas on a lnr as bl de em i ton oft f c s t c tm us g a t m o i t s t ed n l e ona e tr na i he a t , he our t r nt he ton o d s s t e j2 5 d a t Cli 4. imis md r 2 4( ) s o am 3. Cl m sW ai d by t Vald G uit Pl a ai ve he i ly e I Cl i s 1,5 a 6,J n am nd ohns n a s rst tt e denc woul ha pr d he wasonl o s e t ha he vi e d ve ove y diti i d ugs as a a c moda i he wa de ed t rghtt c r t co i nta srbutng r n c om ton, s ni he i o onfont he nfde il i or nt a t Com monwe lh' e de , a t t e denc wa not dicl e t hi , nf ma nd he at s vi nce nd ha vi e s s os d o m per o ly. A1 oft e cai sc d ha bee r ied t t ti lco tbe or t g ly pl . s nal 1 hes l m oul ve n a s o he ra ur f e he uit ea The Supr m e Cour ofVigi a f e t r ni ound t t by e e i a vald guit pl a,J ha , ntrng i ly e ohns waved hi on i s o p rt t t r iete etil ih cams Se Pe tn v Kic 1 9 S. 2 5 9 5 ( .1 6 ) p o t y o as h s ra rg t li . e v o . n , 6 E.d 6 , 71 Va 9 9 mi (i dn ta a v lna y a d it l g n g i y pla wav s al n nj rs cin l d fn e fn ig h t ou tr n nel e t ul e ie 1 o -u idito a e e s s i t a tc d n t ag iypla . ne e e t o ul e ) t 7 The sa ecour' fndi i c it n wih e tbls d f r llw . Eti wels tld t t tt ts i ng s onsse t t sa ihe ede a a ç s l e te ha l a vol a y a i elge pla of g ly of an a c ed pe s who ha be n advie by untr nd nt li nt e uit c us r on, s e sd c peentcouns ,m a notbecola e aly a t ke ' Unied St t sv.Br e,488 U . 563,574 om t el y lt r l tac d. ' t ae oc S. ( 9 9 ( mit gctto ) 1 8 ) o ti iain . n ( g ly pl rpr e sabr ki t c i ofe t whi ha pr e i i A1 uit ea e esnt ea n he han vens ch s ec ded t n t c i i pr es .W he a c i i lde e an has s e y a itd i ope he rm nal oc s n rm na f nd t ol mnl dm te n n c u th th i i fc g iyo teofn ewihwhc hei c ag d hema n t o r ta e s n a t ul f h fe s t ih s h re , t yo t r a t r r s i pe nt c a m s r a i t t de i ton of c tt l l he e f e ai e nde nde l i el tng o he prva i ons iutona rg st toc uredprort t e r oft guit pl . i ht ha c r i o he nty he ly ea Toletv. nde s 411U. 258,267 (973) Thec tt i lrght ase tdi Cl ms1 5 lt He ron, S. 1 . onsiutona i s sre n ai , a 6aea nd r mong t e rght J l s expr s l wai d ptr ua t hi va i guit pla a pl a hos i s om on e sy ve ls nt o s ld ly e nd e a ee t t rg t pr s nt e de gr men : he i ht o e e vi nce of ac m moda i he rght t dicl m e of t co ton,t i o s os he Com m onwea t s e ul t y e de e, a t r g t c lh' xc pa or vi nc nd he i ht o ongo t e de e a w ines es nt he vi nc nd t s a ns hi .2 Thus he haswai d hi rgh t c end i t sha sco puspr e ng t the gai t m ve s i t o ont n hi bea r oce di ha , wa de i oft e rght .3 I . Be a et esaec u t'a j d c to o Cli 1 5 a d 6 s prved hes i s d c us h tt o rs du iain f ams , n 2 l Cl m 65J on cies Br. v. M a va ,37 U. 8 8 ( 96 ,a lgig t t te n ai ohns t adv r lnd 3 S. 3, 7 1 3) le n ha h p os c t f ld t d s ls e ul t r e de et K . M a e my lwye ,b ()ne e s w i. Pe. r e uor aie o ico e xc pao y vi nc o me yb a r ut l v r a t' t ' 8. To s e a Br dy cl m ,how e , t def ut a ai ver he endant mus sat f t s t t e ac s howi t t gover ent ng hat he nm poss s butdi notdicl e t t def e,evi e f a e t t def ndantt whi he di not es ed, d s os o he ens denc avor bl o he e o ch d ot wie ha acces and t twih di os e oft evi her s ve s, ha t scl ur hat dence,t out e oft pr he com he oceedi pr bl ng oba y wo d ha be n dfe e t Unie S e v.W is n,9 F.d 37 38 - 1( t Ci.1 90 ( iains ul ve e ifr n . t d lt s lo 01 2 8, 0 8 4 h r 9 ) ctto o te . The p osc o ha no ob i to un rBrd o a y ohe p e e e o p o son t p e e t mitd) r e utr s lgain de a y r n t r r c d nt r r vii o r s n evi dence diecty t t def r l o he endant r hert t t def , at han o he endant scouns . M or ' el eover Johnson does not , diput t pr ec or' afidavi, sa i t , wel bef e t guit pl J on' atom e wer s e he os ut s t t t tng hat l or he ly ea, ohns s t ys e pr ded wih di cover and Br m a eral,i udi t DVD oft dr tans tons. N or does ovi t s y ady t i s ncl ng he he ug r ac i Johns poi t any pa i arexcul t y iem of e de t was not dicl ed t hi a t ne or on nt o rtcul pa or t vi nce hat s os o s tor ys demonsr e any r onabl pr biiy t ,wih dicl ur ofany s ie ,t out e a ti woul tat eas e oba lt hat t s os e uch t m he com t ral d have been dil ent Thus,J on f l t alege f s s fkr . ohns ais o l act upportng a Br cl m . I any event any s i ady ai n , uch cl m waswai by hi vald guit pl ai ved s i ly ea. 3 R es ndentalo a gues t t Cl m 1 pr ent m e el a cl m t t cour ered under sa e po s r ha ai es s r y ai hat he t r tt s ntn i lw,whih i n ta c r ia e cam f r ifu r j225 The c ur a r e . A fde a e e cng a c s o o z bl li or el nde e 4. o t ge s e rl c r ma g a tr le un rj2 4 o y u n a s wi t tpeiine i c nfne i vi ain oft ou t y r n eif de 25 nl po ho ng ha tto r s o i d n olto he Co ttto lws o te te o t Uni d Sae . j225 ( W is n v.Cororn.1 S.Ct l , 1 nsiuin, a r r ais f he t tts e 4 *; lo c a 31 .3 4 ( 01 (a ) t d r lha e sc r usr le do no lef rer r o sae lw. S rh tv.Coo , 2 0) s me . d e a b a o p eif es t i o ro s f tt a ' wa tou Fe ' ke 1 S. . 9, ( 1 ( rc ra . 31 Ct 85 861 201 ) pe u im) 8 wa neihe c r y t nora t e s na e a ia i ofc e ry e tbls d f de all w,a s t r ontar o n mr a o bl pplc ton l a l sa ihe e r a nd wa no bas on a un e ona e dee m i ton oft f t ,t c tm us g a tt m o i t s t ed n r as bl tr na i he ac s he our t r n he ton o d s s t e j2 5 d a t te ecams imis md r 2 4( ) s o h s li . 4. N o Sho i ofI f e tve C ouns l w ng ne f c i e To pr t tc ove ha ouns ' r pr s ntton wa co tt i ly i f e tve pe ii r mus els e e e a i s nsiutona l ne f ci , ttone t s o ta G o n e' r p e e tto fl b lw a o j ci sa dad o ra o a ln sr h w h t t u s ls e rs n ain el eo n be tve tn r f e s n be e s' c ' co i rng cr lm sa s a t y e se a t tm e of t r pr s nt to Sti klnd v. nsde i icl t nce s he xit d t he i he e e e ai n. T c a W ahiao 4 6 U. 6 8 6 9 ( 9 4 . I a dto ,p tt n r mu ts o p eu ie - b s n t n, 6 S. 6 , 6 1 8 ) n d iin eio e s h w rj d c i y de onsr tng a t em ona e pr ba lt 't tbutf couns ls e r s t out ome woul ha m ta i t s bl o biiy' ha r or e ' ror , he c d ve bee difrnt J ,a 694- l i i cea t tt defnda doesnotde n fee . #. t 95. f t s l r ha he e nt monsrt r s tng tae euli p eu ie t e c u t n e n t d tr ne wh t e c t e ' rprs n ai n wa d fce t rj dc , h o r e d o ee mi eh r oms ls e e e tto s e in . Sti klnd, U. a 697. rc a 466 S. t Unde j 18. 2481) oft Vigi a Code an i vi convitd ofdiki i a r 2- (7 he r ni , ndi dual ce s butng Sc ul lor 1 c r ld s t nce c mii t t a hed e 1 ontole ubsn an tga e he mountofpunihmen t be i pos d by s to m e pr vi t thedi s t y a a a omm oda i t a he i vi l...a notwih i e t o ng ha d ot onl s n cc ton o not r ndi dua nd t nt nt o pr t r by . oft he e nor t i e t r cpi nt t us o be o nduc he e i e o e r come a ded t 't cr g. A ddi o' he lu def nda i e il t s h m ii ton of hi pe ly o y u e nt s ntted o uc tgai s nat nl pon e de e esa ihi t vi nc tbls ng he ee e sofa omm oda i by a pr ponde anc Stlwel v.Comm onweat 247 S. 2d 360, lm nt cc ton e r e. il l lh, E. 3 5( .1 7 ) 6 Va 9 8 . I s n uppor ofCl m 7 J on a srs t the a ke coms t agu t r j1 2t ai , ohns se t ha s d t el o r e mde 8. 2 ( ta h sd u dsrb to we ea a c mmo ain, s d o alc o e i e c t a h 48 D) h t i r g itiu ins r n c o d to ba e n a k f v d n e h t e 9 pr e i a wa fo t d u ta a tons butc ms lf ie t do s 4 The Supr me Cour olt d n ny y r m he r g r ns c i , e t ot e al d o o. of Vigi a dimi s d J on' i fe tve a ssa e of c r ni s s e ohns s ne f c i s it nc ouns lcli t r Ande s 281 e am mde r on, S. 2d a 888, bas d on hi r pr s nt tons a t pl a c l E. t e s e e e ai t he e oloquy t t he was s ts i d w ih ha a i fe t c ouns ' as it nc The c tcn els ssa e. our nnotfnd t tt s diposto wa i onsse wih f de a i ha hi s ii n s nc it nt t e r l lw. a J l o salg to o i efciec u e fi o t p eu iep o g o t eS rc ln oms n' l ains f n fe tv o ns l al n he rj d c r n f h tika d e sa r By ne i tng t pla a e m e , J hns s co e ha ar dy gar r d t tnda d. gotai he e gr e nt o on' uns l d lea ne e he Comm onwe lh' r omm e ton,whi h t cou ta ce ed,t s pe 30 yea s ofJ at s ec nda i c he r c pt o us nd r ohns s on' prs tm e J ion i . ohns f is t de onsr t how al a tona a comm odai a g e a on a l o m tae r ddii l c ton r um nt t s nt nc ng w oul ha r s t d i a be t r s nt nc ng ou c e. l e e i d ve e ule n te e e i t om ndee r ope ng ar um e s d, e ni g nt o e te a p o rae s n e c mih h v c u e t Co n at o te c u tt rj c te v r h p r p it e tn e g t a e a s d he mmo we 1h r h o r o ee t h pl aag ee nta iss t nci be ksf J hns e r me nd t en e ng net or o on. M or ove ,as t s e co t f e r he tt ur ound,J ohns s cli t t he a ke c on' am ha s d ouns t a gue el o r a omm oda i a s t ncng i die ty c r dit d by hi a fr cc ton t en e i s r c l onta c e s fimanc dtrng t hea i t t e li he rng ha he had dic s d a a co moda i de e e,t the wa s tsi wih co els efo t,a s us e n c m ton f ns ha s a ifed t uns ' f rs nd t t he wa ed t pl a g ly unde t pla ag ee nt Bl c e ha nt o e d uit r he e r me . a kl dge, 431 U. a 73- 4 S. t 7 (p r vig ds sa o t o tn in t t i te f c o t e rc r a e whol i rdbl' a p o n imis l f t n e to s ha n h a e f h e o d r c l nce i e). y Be a s t e saec u t'a j dc to o Cli 7 wa n ih rc n' r t n ra u ra o be c u e h tt o rs d u iain f am s et e o ta y o o n n e s na l r a i ton of cla l esa ihe f de al l w, a was not bas on a t e ona e pplcai e ry t bls d e r a nd ed n mr as bl d tr n to o t ef cs t c u t s ga ttemo int d s s t e j2 5 ( )a t t e e eemiain f h a t,he o r mu t rn h to o imis md r 2 4 d s o h s c am s li . 4 I Cl m 6, J on alo aludes t couns ' f l e t r vi al of t Comm onwealh' n ai ohns s l o els aiur o e ew 1 he t s evi dence wih hi . Becaus Johns does nots e t viwi t evi t m e on tt hat e ng he dence woul have changed hi d s m i aboutt guit pl he appar l belevest tt unr vi nd he ly ea, enty i ha he e ewed evi e woul have s denc d uppore hi td s accomm oda i a gumentf s enci pur es ass ed i Cl m 7. ton r or ent ng pos , à t n ai 1 0 III For t saed r s ,t c tc udes t t J hns i note il d t r le t he t t ea ons he our oncl ha o on s ntte o e if mder j2254. Be us hi cai ae et rpr e al defule o wihou mert t c twil ca e s l ms r ihe oc dur ly a td r t t i, he our l g a t moton t dim is r ' nt he i o s s .An a opraeor rwilis t da ppr i t de l s ue Ms y. The Clr i die t t s nd c e oft s me or ndlm o lon and a co pa ng e k s r ced o e opi s hi m a l pi c m nyi or rt pe ii r de o ttone . ENTER:Ths jl' d yo De e e , 01 A a f c mb r 2 3. i J Se o m nie Stt DititJ e t d aes src u
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