Mason v. Barksdale, No. 7:2013cv00003 - Document 16 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 6/13/2013. (tvt)

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Re ponde fl k y or rous r nd iea f ns s s nt ied am otont dimi s a peii r s nde maki t ma trrpef diposton.Ha ng i o s s , nd ttoner e po d, ng he te i or s ii vi r viwe t r c d,1wilg an r ponde ' moton t dim isbe a epeii ri note ild e e d he e or l r t es nts i o s s c us ttone s ntte t ha asr i . o be elef 1.Fact s The Cicui Cour ofRa r t t ppahn nnoc Co t f m d pe ii rguit ofpos es i ofa k un y ot ttone ly s s on fr a m a trha ngbee co c e ofanon- olntf l ny, s son ofm ehado ,pos es i ie r fe vi n nvit d vi e e o pos es i t ne s son ofa fr n m whie i pos e son ofac r l d s t nc a diti i ofhe oi i vi ai ie r l n ssi ontole ubsa e, nd srbuton r n, n ol ton ofVigni Codejj 1 2- 2,1 2- 18. 308. a 18. 248, e pe tvey.The ri a 8. 308. 8. 250, 2- 4A, nd 2- r s ci l e de s vi nce howe t ton M a c 21,2009,Re cc Te la M a k J nki ta l d t d ha rh be a e nd r e ns r ve e o Mason v. Barksdale Doc. 16 pe ii rsr sde e.Te t tfedt t durng t vii,peii rs d J nki he oi a t n ttone ' e i nc el esii ha , i he st ttone ol e ns r n nd he peiin rijce bohTe l n J n i wi t eh r i t o e ne td t e a d e kns t h eon.Te l ndp t in rt e we tu sar . t h e a ei o e h n n p tis t W he t yr t ne downsar ,J nki a a edt be o r i n he eur d t is e ns ppe r o ve dosng.J nki s f r ad g e ns ufe ed ru Dockets.Justia.com rk o. q RK ove dos a di d.On M a c 22, r e nd e r h 2009, i s a c d pe ii rsr sde eplr ua t a polce e r he ttone ' e i nc zs nt o s ar h wa r nta dico r d il ldr a d ug pa a na i e c ra nd s ve e lega ugs nd r r pher la. 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The Supr m e Cour ofVi gi a di m i s pe ii r spetton f a wrtof t r ni e t r ni s s ed ttone ' ii or i ha a c pus Peii rtm ey fl t i t ntpeii a gui t f l ng c am s be s or . ttone i l ied he nsa tton, r ng he olowi l i : 1. Couns pr ded i fec i as it ei el ovi ne f tve ssanc n: fiigt mo et s p r s tes ac war n ,dalig t p e aeap o e aln o v o u p e s h e rh ra tt iln ) o rp r r p r f moi nt s p r s, ( c e No 1 1 a dfii gt o j c t i r p r to o u p e s' Do k t . -) n aln o be t o mp o e ' e de e a t i l vi nc t r a . b k o c ig 't ec o se mi ai no Re e c Te l ( c e No.13 . Ã» thg l'h r s-xn n to f b c a e. Do k t b n -) notus ng t i or a i n unc r i t diec exa i ton ofRebe c i he nf m to ove ed n he r t m na i ca Te a t c os - xnm i ton ofOfi rW e c el nd he r s e na i tce l h. d. f ii t pr ry 1 y af mdato whenhequesi d Regi La a alng o ope l a ot i n tone na mb nd f ii t esa ih t tLn b' pr f r d t si on t tTee ha pr vi usy alng o t bls ha m s ofe e e tm y, ha l d e o l ij ce Ln wi h r i t t ep ito o ed e wa r lv n a d ne td mb t e on o h on f v r os , s ee a t n h ne e s r t i a h Te lst si n ta s ed dno ij c t heoni t c say o mpe c e' e tmo y h t h i tn e t he r i no J nki . e ns 2. D e a o Si h A m e m e r gh t a f i t i bec us t ti lco tde e ni l f xt nd nt i t o a r ral a e he r a ur ni d pettoner' r ii s equestf new cot s . or m el 3. De a ofSi h Ame ni l xt ndme rghtt af i ti lbec us t tilc tr us t ad i nt i o a r ra a e he ra our ef ed o m t t t tm o ofRe na Ln he esi ny gi mb. 2 4. De a ofSi h Ame m e rgh t af i ti bec us t ti lco te r i fndi ni l xt nd nt i t o a r ral a e he ra ur red n i ng t tRe cc Te lst si ony c tt e s tcentevi ncet c c t peii r ha be a e ' e tm onsiut d ufi i de o onvit he ttone ofher n di ti i oi sr buton. 5. Ne y dicove ed e denc s wl s r vi e howst Com monwe t wihhed e ul t y he a1h t l xc paor e de e. vi nc l . Cl i s2 and 5 a e pr e zaly de a t d l am r oc dtr l f ule A pe ii rpr dur ly def t a f de alha sc am whe ( saecour ha deci d ttone oce a l auls e r bea l i n Ã§ tt a t s lne t c i rt c am ' m e iso t ba i o a a uae a i pe ntsa epr edur ln1e. o onsde he l i s rt n he ss f n deq t nd nde nde t t oc a l ' ' He rc v. u , 4 F.d3 2 3 9( t Ci. 0 6 .A saec u t fndn o p o e url e a l d ik Tr e 4 3 3 4 , 5 4h r 2 0 ) tt o r' i ig f r c d a d fut s i e il d t a pr lm pton ofco r c ne s pr de t f mda i s ntte o esl i r e t s , ovi d wo ot tonalr r m e sa e m e .28 equie nt r t U.. j2 5 4 . a tnv. u c 8 F.d 1 8 1 41(t Ci.1 8 ) Frtt esaec u t SC. 2 4 *, no M n v, 45 2 23 , 2 4 h r 9 8 . is,h tt o r Cl m us e iil r y on t pr e algr md t de pe ii rr i .Y1tv. t xplcty el he oc dur ot o ny ttone elef s Nunne ke ,501 ma r U. 7 7 8 2 0 ( 9 ) Harsv. e , 8 U. 2 5 2 9 61( 9 9 .Se o d,h sae S. 9 , 0 - 3 1 91; ri Re d 4 9 S. 5 , 5 - 1 8 ) c n t e tt pr dur lnze us d t de a tpe ii r scl i m us be a i pe nta ade t s a e oce a l e o f ul ttone ' a m t n nde nde nd qua e t t go n f rd nyn rle . r v. o ga 4 U. 41 , 2 - 4( 9 ) Hars 48 U. a 2 0. r u d o e ig eifFo d Ge r i, 98 S. 1 4 3 2 1 91; ri, 9 S. t 6 T S p e Co r o Vig nad cie t a j d c t cam 2(h tp tto e ' Sit he u rme u t f r i i e ln d o du iae li ta eiin rs xh Amendme rghtt af i ti lwa vi aed be us t ti c tde ed pe ii rsr ques f r nt i o a r ra s ol t ca e he ral our ni ttone ' e t o ane atr y)a cli 5(ha ne ydic r de de s wst Commonweat wihhed w tone nd am t t wl sove e vi nce ho he lh t l e c lao ye i e c )pu s n t S a tnv. ria , 5Va 27 20 S. 2 6 0( 9 4 . x up t r v d n e rua t o ly o Para n 21 . , 5 E.d 8 1 7 )1 TheUnied St t Co tofAppe l f t Fourh Cic tha r pea e y r cog ze t t t aes ur a s or he t r ui s e t dl e ni d ha t pr ed la def ul r esof Sl vt co tt e a he oc tr l a t ul a on ns iut dequa e a i t nd ndepe nts a e 1 w g oundsf nde t t a r or 1 a tnpe ld saVignac u tr m rve n ano -lidcin l li i apeiinfrawrto ha e s Slvo rcu e rii o r fo e iwig njz s ito a cam n t o o r t i f ba cor whe t cl m c d ha bee pr entd a ti a on a lbutwa no . pus n hat ai oul ve n es e t ral nd ppea s t d cso s S e eM.Fih rv. mÃ§p e 1 3F.d 8 5 8 4( t Ci. 9 8 .Theeo e te e iin . v , . , s e Al ln , 6 3 3 , 4 4 h r 1 9 ) rf r ,h Su emeCour ofVigi adim is t ecli puruantt i pe nta a pr t r ni s s ed hes a ms s o nde nde nd dequae sae t tt pr ed a nze ,a pe ii rpr dur l def ule cl i s 2 a 5. oc ur l l s nd ttone oce aly a t d a m nd A f de a c tmayno r viw apr dur l de a t d c am a e a s wi ofa e r l our te e oce aly f ule l i bs nt ho ng fmd me tlmic rig o j tc o c us a dp eu ie S e ec, a t e v. a t a na s ara e f usie r a e n rj dc . e , ..M ri z Rv n, n U. , 3 S. .1 0 ,1 6( 01 ) c u t o sn tn e t c n ie teis eo prj d c i S. 1 2 Ct 3 9 31 2 2 .A o r d e o e d o o sd r h su f eu ie n tea s n eo c us . r a r n v. a t6 F.d 1 5 ,1 5 (t Ci. 9 5 .A p tto e ' h b e c f a e Ko n h e s Ev t, 6 3 3 0 3 9 4 h r 1 9 ) eiin rs t n ii rt wih 1w orac tspr dur r esdoesnotpr de abassf esa ihi mf m la iy t a our' oce al ul ovi i or t bls ng c us . e , . , ni v. Ad r 3 4 F.d6 , 6 - 9(t Ci. 0 )(idn t a a a e S e eg.Ha s Mc o y, 3 3 65 6 8 6 7h r 20 3 fn ig h t p tto e ' p o s sausd e n tc n t uea e u t g o ndfrc us) I ta , a s ei n rs r e tt o s o o si t d q ae r u o a e .nse d c u e i t c tt t anovelc am ,af t e e a t t de e et ti ded c onsiu es li acor xt m l o he f ns ha mpe ompla ewih t sae inc t he t t p o e t a r l, ra er rb c t e. lma v. o s n 5 U. 7 , 5 - 4( 9 ) r c d l l ue o n ro y omsl Coe n Th mp o , 01 S. 22 7 3 5 1 91. r Couns lser ma s r ea c us i peiine de tae ()t tt er wa s egrgi e' ror y e v s a e f tto r monsrts 1 ha he ror s o e ous ta i voae peiin rsc nsi to a rg t oe fci a ssa c o c t e, nd( ) h t h h t t iltd t o e ' o tt in l ih t fe t sitn e f oms la 2 t a t e t u ve i f c i as it ecl m is l i e use a notpr e al de a t d. nefe tve ssanc ai te f s xha t d nd oc dur ly f ule Edwar v. ds Cape tr 5 U.. 4 , 515 ( 0 0 .A p o e u a d fulwi n t a afd r l b a c u t r ne , 29 S 4 6 4 - 2 2 0 ) r c d rl ea t l o b r e e a ha e s o r l fom co i rng a i ubsa il'i fe tve a ssa e ofc r nsde i t tnta ' ne f c i s it nc s ouns lcai i ape ii rdi not e l m f ttone d ha c ms li t i ta r vi pr e di ori couns li t tpr ee ng wa i f c i .2 ve ot e n he nii l e ew oc e ng f e n ha oc di s nefe tve S eM a t e ,1 2S. . t1 6 1 8( oi t a ap tto e mu ts o t theu d ryn e ri z 3 Ct a 31 , 31 n t h t eiin r s h w ha t n el ig n ng i f c i m s sanc ca m us d t e e apr edu a def ul mus be( ubsa il' ha ng nefe tve s it e li e o xcus oc r l a t t t t nta 'by vi s 2I Vigi a, a i fe tveas itnc ofc elcl m i notc z bl o diec appe andm us ber ie vi a n r ni n ne fci ssa e ouns ai s ognia e n r t al t as d a saeh b a p tin. e ee. a hv. mmo we lh 4 8SE.d9 ,1 5n. ( 9 6, v r ze i H ee a t at tt a e s eio Se , ..Ro c Co n at, 6 . 2 8 0 4 1 9 )o enld n lv n p r t b Mo st v Wad no t S se 1SaePrs n 61 S. 2d5 , 6 (0 5 , lv Co n at 51 y niet . r e fhe u sx tt io , 3 E. 51 5 2 2 0 ) Hal . mmo we l 5 e . h, S. 2d3 3 3 7(9 9 . E. 4 , 4 1 9 ) 4 Co me i' E me rf) s Pei o rsae t a hsc n ito c n t e af n a na mic rig o j tc tt ne tts h t i o v cin o si s u d me tl s ara e f usie i mt bec us hei t n i e ma 'a a g st tt Ã§ li tc r ba t tt Comm onwe lh a e s s nnoc nt n' nd r ue ha he s lci onta nd ha he a i at us d t pr tr a c i i lc e o oc ze rm na onvi ton a i tt pe ii r ' c ualy bel d t Re c Te , c i ga ns he ttone ' a t l onge o bec a el whc p tto e a srsTe l o f se t a til ( c e No 1 ) Peiine frh rag e ta ih eiin r se t e c n e s d o t ra. Do k t . 5 t o r' te r u s h t t u t sd mo tae c us a dp eu ieb c u eh wa wr n f lyc n itdf r se sng hi e nsrts a e n rj dc e a s e s o g ul o v ce o po s si c n rb n a ddsrb tngd g .Ho v r t etilu g deemie t eCo n at s o ta a d n iti ui nz s we e ,h ra j d e tr n d h mmo we l h' e de e,i l ng t t tm on ofRe c Te ,t be mor cr di et n t pe ii rs vi nc nc udi he esi y bec a el o e e bl ha he ttone ' ve so ofe nt.Se Marhalv.Lonbe ge,459U. 422, 4 ( 983)(ttngfde a habe rin ve s e s l r r S. 43 1 sai e r l as rv e d e n t e eemi tece i lt o wi se ) Pei o e ' me ed s g e me t t e iw o s o r d tr ne h rdbi y f t s s. tt n rs r ia r e n wi i ne i h t t i c tsco l i n doe notco tt e c us . he ral our ' nc us o s ns iut a e Peii ra r t thi wr u c c i n wast r ul ofi f c i c ttone ve s ha s ongf l onvito he es t nefe tve ouns l e' , s c fc l hi couns ' r f a t c le t a isbiiy oft e de t over d usng a pe ii aly s els e us l o hal nge he dm s i lt he vi nce mc e i s a ch wa r ntby flng am o i t s e s W he pe ii rti d t a quies tt e ez ra ii ton o uppr s . n ttone re o c r ubsiut c u e,h tilu g r f sdt rq s.Peiine ag e t t i c u s lsmo int o ns lte ra j d e e u e he e uet t o r r u s ha h s o n e' to o t wihd a whi h ct d a t e ona e fna a blr n,esabls a G c ua c lc of t r w, c ie n mr as bl i ncil zde t ihes n t t l onfit a itr s a v reya fcln lh slwy rsp ror n e' n sae i wa E r s er r' n n ee t d es l fe tig i a e ' ef ma c 'a d tts t s s o s ro 'a d g d mo srtdba b t etil u g wh nn w c u s l sn t p on e .( c e No 1 ) e n tae is y h ra j d e e e o n e wa o a p itd Do k t . 5 Howe r a i ge def nda ha no rghtt ha apa tc a l wye r pr s nthi , ve , n ndi nt e nt s i o ve riul r a r e e e m andt de e mi to ofwhehe am o i f s tt i ofc ms ls ul begr nt d i wihi he t r nai n t r ton or ubsiuton ot e ho d a e s tn t dicei oft ti cour.Unie Sttsv.Galp,838F. 1 1 (t Ci.M d.1 ) he s rton he ral t td ae lo 2d 05, 08 4h r 988 . To t ext t pett oneri ar ng t t cl m sbar ed by Sl on s d be excused he ent hat ii s gui hat he ai r ayt houl bec us ofhi i f e tve a s s a ofc m s lc a m s asdi c s d be ow ,none ofpe ii rs a e s ne f c i s it nce ot e l i , s us e l ttone ' e use no def ule i fe tve a ssa e ofc xha td, n- a t d ne f c i s it nc ouns lcai sa e s t nta and,t , e l m r ubsa i l hus c nnnote e apr edur ldef ul. xcus oc a a t Pe ii ne a knowl dgest the ha no ofe edpr t tt Co monweat wihhel tto r c e ha s t fr oof ha he m 1h t d exc pa or e de e,s a i t tt s pec e t ha orw a c ul t y vi nc t tng ha he us t d t vi be s onduc e i a ol e s r cy, t d n bs ut ec e whl tep tto e wa i ac rtd' n a kn t i c u tth o c udt ep tto ro fr ie h eiin r s nc r eae 'a d s ig hs o r t l w o l h ei ne fe l i p o fta t yitninal wih ed ..n o main' Do k tNo 1 ) Peiin ra e sta r o h t he n e to ly th l . if r to . '( c e . 5 t o e v r h t t Tee wasc c e on Augus 1 201 ofditi i hydr m om hone, t a ofe e dae of l onvi t d t 7, 0 srbutng o wih n f ns t M ac 2 2 0 j tt d y a trJ n i ' v r o e Peiin rsae t a t efc t t rh 4, 0 9,us wo a s fe e kns o e d s . t o e tts h t h a tha t Re caTe ' a r twaspospone f 11mont , i a trpeii r sti ,whe heco d bec els res t d or hs untl fe ttone ' ral n ul no l nge us ac c i asi pe chme e de e,e t bls sGhea o r e onviton m a nt vi nc sa ihe t ppea a of t r nce i ppr pr a e a tviy.' Pe ii ra gue t ti t ti lc tha ktow n oft c na o i t c i t ' ttone r s ha f he r a our d l he onvi ton,i ci t wo d ha f undpeii ne ' ve son ofe nt mor c e bl t n Tee ' and f md Te ul ve o tto rs r i ve s e r di e ha ls ot el diti e t he oi t J nki , tpe ii r srbutd he r n o e ns no ttone .Howe r pe ii rofe snoevi nc be nd ve , ttone f r de e yo m e e s c a i t tt go r e kne oforpum os l s r pe ul ton ha he ve nm nt w e y uppr s ed m a e i l exc pa or es t raly ul t y t ae e de e. SeeU nied St t sv Ki 628F. 693,701( h Ci. 1 (ii Br v. vi nc 3 nR, 3d 4t r 201 ) ctng adv . M a ya d 3 3U. 8 ( 9 3 Peiin rsmees e u ainc n o c nsi t c u e a dh r ln , 7 S. 3 1 6 :. tto e ' r p c lto a n t o tt e a s , n e u fist eÃ bihp eu ie Ac o dn l t ec u t imis scams2a d5a p o e u al al o s ls rj dc . c r igy,h o r d s se li n s r c d rly def t d. aule 11 Cli 1 3 a d4weea j dc tdb t eS p e Co r o Vign a 1. ams , , n r du iae y h u r me u t f r ii The r mai rofpeii ne ' ca mspr e f de alis s a e e e nde tto rs li es nt e r s ue , r xhause a ar not t d, nd e ba r fom f de a r vi Aferasa eco ta e s t me isofacli a s r ie i a red r e r l e ew. t t t ur ddr s es he rt a m l o as d n 3Furhe mor eve i Tee ha bee ar t and cha ge s r a pendi cha ge woul no lkey ha be n t r e n f l d n resed r d oone , ng r d t i l ve e rlv n.S eBo k rv Co n at 20 4Va Ap LEXI 1 7( . . p. r 3 , 00 )(t ea p l t ee a t e o e . mmo we l 0 . p. h, S 3 Va Ct Ap Ma. 0 2 4 l Th p el e a co t ofVigi ahavec itnty hel t taltga ' rghtt i ac t cedi lt ofawines by s urs r ni onsse l d ha ii nts i o mpe h he r biiy t s howi he ng r p rii to i ci n l o d c i l tdt q eto sa o t o vcins' atcpain n rmia c n u t s i e o u sin b u c n ito .) mi ' 6 f r lha aspe ii af r lc t a notg a t pe ii unl st sa ec ts ede a be tton, ede a our m y r nt he tton es he t t our' a j iaino acam i c nrr t , ra u e s n b ea pl ain o , lal e tb ihe dudc to f li s o tay o o n m a o a l p i to f ce ry sa ls d c fd r l1w o ba e o a u e s n b ed tr n to o t fcs 28U. C. 2 5 4 . e e a a r s d n n nra o a l eemi ain f he a t. S. j 2 4 * The e l ton ofw he hera sa e co tde s on i Ã§ t a y t ' Ã§a unr s bl va ua i t t t ur ci i s t r r o' or Ã§ n ea ona e con a ia i of'f de all w i ba e on a i pende r viw ofea h sa r W ila sv. pplc ton e r a s sd n nde nt e e c tnda d. lim Ta lr 5 9U. 3 2, 2 1 ( 0 0 . saec u t ee n to i d o ta yt 'f d r la i i yo , 2 S. 6 41 - 3 2 0 ) A tt o r d tnniain s t nr r o'e ea 1w f t c d rie a ac ncu ino p iet t a r a he b ( Uni dS ae S p e lCo r o a t rv s t o lso p ost o h t e c d y t a he t tts u rme u t n e quesi of1w ori t saeco tde desaca edifrntyt ngheUnie Stt Suprme ton a f he tt ur ci s fee l ha t td aes e l Cour ha on as tofm aeraly i si uiha ef c s'I a 41 t s e t i l nditng s bl a t . d. t 3. ' A f de a co tmay a s i s t wrtunde t t ea ona e a ia i 'ca ei t e r l ur lo s ue he i r he Ã» unr s bl pplc ton' lus f he fde a cou tfndst t saec t(de ii st c rc goveni l lpdncpl fom (he e r l r i hathe tt our G ntte he ore t r ng ega i i er t S p e )Co r' d cso sb tu ra o bya ple t a p i cpl t t ef cso t p io e ' u rme u ts e iin u n e s na l p is h t rn i e o h a t f he rs n rs c s . 1 Th sr a o b e e ssa d r i a o j cieo e J . t41 A Vign ac u ts ae' d. i e s na ln s tn ad s n be tv n .- a 0. r ii o r' ' ( fndi cn i ngs nnotbede m e unr s na eme ey bec us i doesnotct esa ihed Unie e d ea o bl r l a et ie t bls td St t Supr m e Co tpr ce nto a i s i t r s tr c d i no c r r t t t a es e ur e de n n s ue f he e ul ea he s t ont a y o ha e tbih dp e e e tM ic el Es a z , 40U. 1 ,1 , 2 0 ) rh r r ,Ã»a sae sa ls e r c d n . th lv. p r a 5 S. 2 6 ( 0 3 .Fu te mo e t ) ttl co tf c ua dee m i to i no unr as bl m e e y be us t f de alhabe sc twoul ur a t l tr na i n s t e ona e r l ca e he e r a our d ha r a he adif r ntc uson i t fr ti tnce'W ood v.Ale 558 U. 290,301, ve e c d fe e oncl i n he is nsa .' ln, S. ( 01 ) 2 0. A fd r l o r rv e n aha e sp tto l r smA l)t gttjc u tsf cu l e e a c u t e iwig b a eiin i et e s he sae o r' a t a p tndi t bes undt es ( ttonelr ut thepr umptonofc rcnes byce ra i ngs o o ml s peii r eb s t es i ore t s la nd co ncnge de e.'Mil - v.Drt ,545U. 231 240( nvi i vi nc '' lerEl eke S. , 2005)( i 28U. C.j quotn: S. 2 4() 1) S e e:, n v. a hngo , 4 F.d2 5 3 0 01(t Ci. 0 ) Fnal , 25 e (). e , ..Le z W s i t n 4 4 3 9 , 0 - 4h r 20 6 . i ly 7 Ee iw u d rj2 5 ( ) 1 i l tdt terc r t a wa b f r tesaec u th t t v e n e 2 4 d ( ) s i e o h e o d h t s e o e h tt o r ta r mi a j iae t cam o temeis'Cu lnv. n ltr U.. ,1 1S. . 38 , 3 dudc td he li n h rta le Pihose , S ' 3 Ct 1 8 1 98 ( 1. 201 ) Fort r a onsde ci dheea t ,t SuprmeCo tofVigi a' a j c tonoft he e s s rbe r fer he e ur r ni s dudiai he p tto e ' camso i efciea ssa eo c un e (li 1a-d ) t thetil o r er d eiin rs li f n fe t s itnc f o s l cams ()( ),ha t ra c u t re v i r f sngt a mit etsi n o Re iaLa ( li 3 a dt a t etil o r e rdi n e u i o d t h etmo y f gn mb cam ) n h t h ra c u t re n fndi t tRe c Te ' t tmony consiut d s fcinte denc t c c t pe ii rof i ng ha bec a els esi tt e ufi e vi e o onvit he ttone h r i dsrb to ( li 4 , sn ih rc n rr t , ra t e s n b ea pl ain o , lal eo n itiu in cam ) wa et e o ta y o o n mr a o a l p i to f ce ry c esa ihedf de al1w no ba e on a l ea ona ede e mi ton oft f c s Acc di y,I t bls e r a r sd n mr s bl t r na i he a t . or ngl fnd t tpettone i no e il d t ha asr le i ha ii r s t ntte o be e i f l ef ci Asitn eo Co n e Cli ( ams1a-d ) n fe t ve ssa c f u s l ams Cli ()( ) Th S p e Cout fVigni r l do S rc a dv. a hn t n 4 6U. 66 ( 9 4 , e u r me t'o r i a ei n tikln W s ig o , 6 S. 8 1 8 ) e t dim ispe ii ' i feci a ssa ofc ms c am s A pe ii rcli i i fe i o s s ttoners ne f tve s it nce ot el l i . ttone am ng ne f ctve as itnceofco e mus s ts y at pr s sa uns l t a if wo- onged t t The fr tpr ng r quie ape ii rt es. is o e r s ttone o s how Eha c s t ouns lm a e r ss s i t tc t e de ror o erous ha ouns lwa no f toni a t t t el e s t unc i ng s he co ms ' g a a t e t edee d n b t Sit Ame d n g 'me n n t a c u e ' r p e e tto fl u r ne d h fn a t y he xh n me t, ' a i g h t o ns ls e rs n ain el l b lw a o jci sa dado ra o a e e s4Sti kl , U S. t68 - 8 Thes c n eo n be t tn r f e s n bln s . rc and 466 ve a 7 8 . eo d . p o gr q rsap tto e t s w t a c t e' d tce tp ro ma c p eu ie hm b r n e uie eiin r o ho h t oms ls ei in ef r n e rj dc d i y demonsr tng aÃ§ e ona epr biiy t t butf c ms lse r r ,t r ul oft ta i Ã§ as bl oba lt ha, r or ot e ' r o s he es t he 4:A) atme sa t o o sinsta aen tu c n t in lndviu l cn t ea d dt g t rt ce t a ( n to y' cs r miso h t r o n o si o a i i d al a no b d e o ehe o rae ( mt y c nsiuin l ilto . Fihe v An eo ,1 3F.d8 5 8 2-3(t Ci.1 9 ) Src lndetbl h da(to g o ttto a voain' s r . a lne 6 3 3 , 5 5 4h r 9 8 . tika sa i e t rn ' s s p eu to t t omslsc n u tfl wi ntewiern eo ra o bepo eso a assa c ll Src ln , rs mpin ha c l e' o d c al t h d a g f e sna l rfsin l sitn e.' tika d s hi ' 4 6U. a 6 9 Ã» dca srtn o c u s lsp ro ma c mu t ehg l deee tal 'a diveyefr g s) 6 S.t 8 .vu iil cuiy f o n e' efr n e s b ihy frnil,' n t r fo tmut l e b ma et ei n t tedso t efcsof id ih . . n t e au t te(h l ng d c nd t9o c un e' e d o l ae h itri fe t hn sg t . a d o v lae h c al e l o uc m o sls mi ng e p rp ciea tet . l CElfcierpe e tto i n ts n n mo swi erresrpee tto 'S rn e v. es e tv th i ' d.t r etv e rsnain s o y o y u t rols e rs nain. p ia r me ' l f h ' Col s 5 6F.d3 , 3 (t Ci.1 8 . li , 8 2 29 3 2 4h r 97 ) n 8 aned e pr e di wo dha be ndifrnt'5J a 694. t reasonsexpl i her aher, cams oc e ng ul ve e fee .' #. t For he li 1a-d ddn td s rb d t e tp ro ma c o s t e tp eu ie a dt eS p e Co r o ()( ) i o e cie ekin ef r n e r uf n rj dc , n h u rme u t f ki Vigna sa j dc to o t e ecamswa n tc n rr t , ra u ra o bea plc to o , r i i' d u iain f h s li s o o tay o o n n e s na l p iain f ce ry esabls f de all w o ba e on a unr s bl deer nato oft f t . la l t ihed e r a r s d n ea ona e t mi i n he ac s (li 1a Tanl () I cli 1a peii ragu coms wa i feci f f lngt movet s e st n am () ttone r es t el s nef tve or aii o o upprs he s a ch wa r nt Pe ii rar st tt s r h wa r n wa de eci a s d ne rhave er ra . ttone gue ha he ea c r a t s f tve nd houl ve bee is d be us i w a ba e on a a fda tl c ng i pr bl ca e Peii ne f t r n sue ca e t s s d n fi vi a ki n oba e us . tto r urhe c nt ndst afi vi f l d t lnk t pe ii ne t t dr gst twe ef o e he fda t aie o i he tto r o he u ha r oundi hi r sde e n s e i nc , meey c nann t sae n Ã§ ieisd t r sd n e b t Te l ndJ n isij c rl o ti ig he ttme tÃ§ l n ie he e ie c , o h e a e kn n e t wh heon'( c e No 1 ) Peio ri s s iiust th sc u e ' t b t twi d a l o t r i. Do k t . 5 t ine s u p co ha i o ns ls s rz t rwa' f he ' t a p h ' m o i t s es i c t d heha G utadea wih t pr ec or..t s l hi c intou 'and ton o uppr s ndi a e dt c l t he os ut . o el s le t' pe ii rcl i shi c ttone a m s ouns lle w he he c a m e he w a c DV D SofTe ' i er e w ih e id n li d t hed els nt vi w t lw e o c me t( c e No. 5 tto e as ag e t a temo int s p rs whihh s a nfr e n .Do k t 1 )Pei n r lo r u s h t h to o u p e s c i i cot eltl d a l t w ihdr w wasi pr rbec us i f iedt a es pr bl ca ei t ms ie nd aer t e m ope a e t a l o ddr s oba e us n he afi vi. fda t The r co d r ve st tpe ii r s c e r e al ha ttone ' ouns li ta l fl d a m oton t s e nii ly ie i o uppr s bec us he es a e b l v dt ea td vt o t ie af lesae n,s cfc lyta Te la dJ n i ij ce ei e h f a i c n an d as ttme t pe iial h t e n e kns n e td e i he oi a t pe ii r s r i nc H ow e r a t s e r n t he ttone ' es de e. ve , fer ubs quenty r ewi DV D S ofi e vi w s l evi ng nt r e s i Tee , i t t w a r ntr ques , e lng polc t tt dr w e e us a t how ng l pr or o he r a e t t li i e ha he ugs r ed t he 5I apeiinerha no s tsid onepr ng oft Stikl t t aco tdoesnotne t i r whehe pe ii r f tto s t aife o he rc and es, ur ed o nquie t r ttone hass tsidt oherpr I a 697. aife he t ong. d. t 9 pe ii rsr sde ,couns lde e mi d t ta moton t s es woul befi ous The ttone ' e i nce e t r ne ha i o uppr s d rvol . afi vi i s tda t n uppor oft s a ch w a r ntw as s t c entt e t bls t nec s r pr bl ca e t he e r ra ufi i o s a i h he es a y oba e us a peii rha f ie t de nd ttone s a ld o monsr t t tc ta e ha ouns lspe f e ' ronna wa de i intort tt ei nce s fce ha her s ar as bl pr biiy t t butf rc e ona e oba lt ha , o ouns lsalege e r ,her ul oft pr e ngwoul e ' l d ror t es t he oc edi d h veb e difrn .Th ,heSu rmeCo r o Vigna sa j dc to o ti cam wa n t a e n fee t us t p e u t f r i i' d u iain f h s li s o co r r t o a t r as na e a i a i of cl ry esabls f de a l w o ba e on a nt a y o, r n m e o bl pplc ton , ea l t i hed e r l a r s d n unr s ea onabl dee naton oft f t . e tnni i he ac s 2.Cli 1b am () l cam 1b p tto e a g sc t e wa i ef ci b c u ec u e G o c e 't e n li ( ) ei n r rue oms l s n fe tve e a s o ns lÃ§ th d'h i b c os - xa i ton ofTe l Peii rcai st tcouns f ie t E lci fom Tee t ts had r s e m na i e . ttone l m ha el a ld o t i t r e l ha he ap ndn c a g o fln aflerpo t olw e f r e n . ( c t 1 Peiin ra g s e ig h r e f iig as e r t a n o c me t'Do ke No. ) tto e r ue ' t tc ms s ul ha a ke Tee a tonalque tonsr r nghermedialtai ng, e s ha ot el ho d ve s d l ddii si ega di c r ni r a ons f s oppi at7- e n t pur ha e c ga e t e r t t t hos t l t ki J nst he or t ng El ve o c s i r tes n ou e o he pia , a ng enki o r m o he ' hous i t d oft hos t l gi ng t cga e tswih pa a m ai t t pe ii r t rs e nsea he pia, vi he i r te t r phe la o he ttone , andwhe he s wa i t r he s Ã§ compe a e 'f he t si onywih a f vor bl pl ba gai Pe ii r ns t d' or r e tm t a a e ea r n. ttone f t rsa e t tt ti c tha t r pe t dl i tu tc m s lo how t c urhe t t s ha he ral our d o e a e y nsr c ot e n o onduc apr r t ope c os - xa i ton. r s e m na i The sae c tf t t our ound pe ii rsc ttone ' ouns lc d no ha us t pe ng c r as e oul t ve ed he ndi ha ge, oppos d t a c ci oftlng a f s r po tt 1 w e or eme ,t i pe h Te lscr di lt e o onvi ton i i ale e r o a nf c nt o m ac e ' e biiy. S eBa k v. mmo we 1 1 Va Ap 9 9 9 3( . . p. 9 3 ( i e c o s cfc e n s Co n at 6 . p. 5 , 6 Va CtAp 1 9 ) Evd n e f pe ii h, a t o mic n u ti g neal n ta misb ei Vignat i e c awin s ' r dbit ) cs f so d c s e rly o d sil n r i i o mp a h t e s c e i l y. i Furhe , houg pe ii r s c pl i tde a l a tona que to he t nksc t rt h ttone ' om a n t is ddii l s i ns hi ouns s ul ha el ho d ve as ked, f ist pr f rw ha ne orm a e i levi nc w oul ha bee unc he a l o of e t w t r a de e d ve n over d,s d e houl 1 0 cot elha a ke t que tonss ms ve s d he si uggese t d.Pe ii rha f ie t de ttone s al d o monsr t t tcouns ' ta e ha els pe f r ncewa dei e ort tt r i ar a ona epr biiyt t butf co e ' a lged r o ma s fcint ha he e s e s bl oba lt ha , or uns ls le e ,her s toft pr e ng woul ha bee dif r nt Thus t Supr m eCour of nor t e ul he oc edi d ve n fe e . ,he e t Vigna sa j dc to o ti cam wa n t o tayt , ra u r a o bea p iaino , r i i' d u iain f h s li s o c n rr o o n n e s na l p lc to f clary e t ihe f r ll orbas on a unr s bl dee mi ton oft f t . e l sabls d ede a aw ed n ea ona e tr nai he ac s 3.(lin 1c zar () I cam 1c p t in rag e t t oms l sief cieb c u ec t e ddn t s n li () ei o e r u s ha c t e wa n fe tv e a s oms l i o u e t t i o m a i unc r d i t die te he nf r ton ove e n he r c xami ton ofRebe caTe la t c os - xa i ton na i c e nd he r s e m na i ofOfi e W ec Pe ii rcai st tTe lst si ony s fc r lh. ttone l m ha e ' e tm howed s f ie t t lOfi rW elh he a ld o el fce c t a s ea dJ n i ij ce h r i a p tto rsho s , ieOfie W ec ' tsi n h t h n e kns n e td e on t eiine ' u e wh l fc r lh s e tmo y de monsr t d t tt afi vi i s ta e ha he fda t n uppor oft s ar h wa r ntwa ba e on i or ton he t he e c ra s sd nf ma i r c i d fom t pe ii r no Tee .Pe ii ra g st tt c e e ve r he ttone , t l ttone r ue ha he ombi ton oft e nai hes t si oni pr de co elt o tl t t c le t afi vi bec us t a fda t e tm es ovi d uns he ppol niy o ha lnge he fda t a e he fi vi icu e asae n t a Te l n Jnkn ij ce h r i Ho ve, tto e ' ag me tfis n l d d ttme t h t e a d e is n e td eon. we rpei n rs r u n al i t esa ih aba i upon whih co e co d ha s c s f l c le d t afi vi.The o t bls ss c uns l ul ve uc e s uly ha lnge he tda t r c d,i l ng t ti ta c i ,s e or ncudi he ral r ns rpt howst s r h wa r twa ba e on polc i e ve of he ea c ran s s d ie nt r iws bot Tee andt pe ii r Peii rha f ie t de h l he ttone . ttone s al d o monsr et tc tat ha ouns lspe f e ' ronna wa nce s de i into t tt r i ar s bl pr biiyt t butf couns ' a lged e r ,t r ul of fce r ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha , or els le ror he es t tep o e dngwo l h v b e d fee t Th ,heS p e Co r o Vigni' a j dc t n h rc e i u d a e e n ifrn . us t u r me u t f r i a s d u iai o oft sc am wa no c r r t ora unr s na e a ia i of clary esa ihed f de al hi l i s t onta y o, n ea o bl pplc ton , e l t bls e r 1w orba e on a t e ona e dee m i ton oft f t . a sd n mr as bl t r na i he acs Cl m 1d) ai ( 11 l cam 1d peiine ag e c u s l sie fcieb c us c u s l aldt p o e l n li ( ) tto r r u s o n e wa n fe tv e a e o n e f i o r p ry e 1 af ay ounda i whe he que toned Re naLnmb andf l t esa ih t tLa spr fe e ton n si gi aied o t bls ha mb' o f r d tsi n ,h tTe l a p e iusyij ce Ln wihh r i t t pon o o r o e wa e t y t a e h d r vo l n e t d mb t eo n o he it f ved s , s mo r lv n a dn c sayt i e c Te lstsi n ta s ddn tij c t eh r i it ee a t n e e s r o mp a h e' etmo y h t he i o n e t h e on n o J nki .Ther cor i udi t ti lta c i ,s e ns e d, ncl ng he ra r ns rpt howst tc ms a gued a ti t tLn b' ha ot el r t ral ha m s tsi n wa r lv n b c u eTe ld ne ij cigteh r i it J nkn , n La s e t y s ee a t e a s e e id n e tn h eon no e is a d mb' mo tsi n wo l d mo taeta Te l dp e i syij ce pe pewihheon c u iga e t y ud e nsrt h t e ha rvou l ne td o l t r i, a sn n mo ove dos .N o wihsandi co ms ' a gum e s t ti lc tr ld t t si onyt be r e t t t ng t els r nt, he ra our ue he e tm o ir l va . Pe ii rf ist pr de a tona a gume sc ms lc d ha r ied,me el re e nt ttone al o ovi ddii l r nt ot e oul ve a s ry sa i t l a l c m s lc d ha bee mor a m a a t tng s e ry, ot e oul ve n c e dn nt boutt r l va y ofLa b' he e e nc m s t tmony. ( ketNo.1 Peii rha fie t de nsr t t tc e' pef ma esi ' Doc ' 5) ttone s ald o mo tae ha ouns ls ror nce wasdet i nto t tt r i ar s bl pr biiy t t butf c ms lsal ge e r r t k e r ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha , or ot e ' le d r o , he r s toft pr e ng wo d ha be n dif r nt e ul he oce di ul ve e fe e .Thus t Supr , he eme Cou tofVigi a' r r ni s a j dc to o t e ecamswa n tc nr r t, ra un e s n bl a pl ai no , lal d u iain f h s li s o o tay o o n ra o a e p i to f ce ry c esabls d f r ll w orbas d o a unr as t i he ede a a e n n e onabl de e m i ton oft f t . e t r na i he ac s B. si n of gn Ln ( am 3 Te tmo y Re ia mb Cli ) Peii ttonera guesi ca m 3t thewa de e hi rghtt af rti lunde t Si h r n li ha s nid s i o ai ra r he xt Am e ndme be us t ti lc tr us t a i t t si onyofRe na Ln b. Peii nt ca e he ra our ef ed o dm t he e tm gi m ttoner pr s nt d t sa g e t t Supr me Cour ofVigi aon die ta e e e hi r um nt o he e t r ni r c ppea afe t Cour of l tr he t Ap e l rj ce i o teme i .Se Y1t 5 U. a 8 3( li t a afd r l o r c nr l p as ee td t n h rt e s, 01 S. t 0 hodng h t e ea c u t a ey s o ara o dsaec u tu g n r si gprmaiyo fd r l a wh n ltru e pli e sae n e s ne tt o r j d me t e tn i rl n e e a lw e ae n x an d tt c tode suphol t t udgme ) Peii rague t tLmnb' prfeedtsi our r r d ha j nt. ttone r s ha s o fr e tmonyt tTe l ha e h d, nap i ro c so ,n e tdh rwihh r i i rlv n be a eiwo l sr a a o ro c ai n ij ce e t eon, s ee a t c us t u d eve s 12 i e c me tf rTe lscam ta s ddn t o h w t ijc h ref a das d mo tae mp a h n o e ' li h t he i o kn w o o ne t e sl, n lo e nsr t t Tee hadpr vi l e ge i t s me c hat l e ousy nga d n he a onduc t toc ur e a t pe ii r sr i nc t ha c r d t he ttone ' esde e. Pe ii ra guest t swoul s ttone r hat hi d how Te lt apr e i has openst t 1et t polc a ove dos iy o i o he i e nd r e p o ewi d u ss ed srb ts' ( c e No 1 ) Th Co r o Ap asrjce peiin rs e pl t r g h itiu e . Do k t . 5 e u t f pe l ee td t o e ' h ' t cli be us i f am ca e t oundt tLamb' pr f r t si ony di notr l et a l sc e a di ha s ofe ed e tm d eat o ppelant as nd d n te tb iha yfc a is ei t c s .Th s teS p e Cou tsa j d c to wa n ih r o sa ls n a t t s u n he a e u ,h u rme r' du iain s et e c r yt orazunr s bl a iaton of cl ry esa ihed f de a l w no ba e on an ontar o, l ea ona e pplc i , ea l t bls e rla r sd l r as bl de e mi ton oft f c s Acc di y, ttoneri noten ild t ha sr le . m e ona e t r nai he a t . or ngl peii s tte o bea ei f C. ufiin yo t Ev d n e( am 4 S fce c f he i e c Cli ) Peii ttonera guest tt e de e i i ufi e t s r ha he vi nc s ns tcint o uppor hi conviton ofhe oi t s ci r n dsrb to Th Co r o Ap e l a j iae h ss fi inc o tee ie c cam a rj ce iti uin. e u t f p as dudc td i u tce y f h vd n e li nd ee td i be a et r cor s t c us he e d upporedt tilc tsc edi lt dee mi ton r r ng Te ' t he ra our' r biiy tr na i ega di els t tmony.TheCour ofAppeasf esi t l ound t tt Comm o at se de ewa c ha he nwe lh' vi nc s ompe e t not tn, i r nty i r bl a wa s f e t pr be nhe e l nc edi e, nd s ufki nt o ove yond ar as na e do t tpe ii rwas e o bl ubt ha ttone guit ofditi i ofher n.l r usng t peii f a a o diec r viw,t Supr me ly srbuton oi n ef i he tton or ppe l n r t e e he e Co r o Vigni, nef c, du iae pei o rscam r g r igt es fkinc o t e u t f r i a i fe ta j dc td t ine ' li e adn h u t e y f h t e i e c .S eY1t 5 U. a 8 ; o sv. vi,1 2F.d4 , 3n. (t Ci.1 9 ) v d n e e s, 01 S. t 03 Th ma Da s 9 3 45 45 6 4 h r 9 9 . fn t thesaec u tsrj cin o t i cam wa no c nr r t o a un e s n b e i d ha t tt o r' ee to f hs li s t o ta y o, r n ra o a l a i a i of cla l e t ihed f de all w a wa no ba e a unr ms bl de e m i ton pplc ton , e ry sabls e r a nd s t s d n e ona e t r na i oft f c s The e or 1dimi st cai . he a t . r f e, s s he l m Fede a ha asr viw ofa cai c le ngt consiutonals fc e y oft r l be e e l m hal ngi he tt i ufi i nc he evi nce supportng a convi i i lm ied t det rm i ng lwhet ,aft vi ng t evi de i cton s i t o e ni t her er ewi he dence i t lg mos f vo a et t pr e uton,an r to lti roff c co d ha f und t n he i ht t a r bl o he os c i y ai na re a t ul ve o he 13 es e ilee e soft c i be s nta lm nt he rme yond ar s bl doubt' J c on v. r ni ,443 U. 307, ea ona e . a ks ' Vici a S. 31 ( 9 9 (mp a i i o ii l.l d tr nn wh te tesaec u t e s n bl a p idt i 9 1 7 ) e h ss n rgna) n eemiig eh r h tt o r ra o a y p le hs prncpl,t f de a habe cou tmus dee m i whet rt sa ecou tsde ii i mi m al i i e he e r l as r t tr ne he he t t r ' c son s ni ly c i t ntw ih t r co d,B e1 J r i, 3 F.d 1 9 1 9( t Ci. 0 0 (nb n ) a dmus ons s e t he e r 1v. a vs 2 6 3 4 , 5 4h r 2 0 ) e a c, n t - gv deee c t t efn n so fc ma eb b t t etila da p l t c u t, 8U. C. ie frn e o h idig f a t d y oh h ra n p el e o rs 2 S. j a 2 5 ( Ho r v. o r,1 F.d3 9 4 6 (t Ci. 9 7 ( ingS mn rv. aa 4 9U. 2 4 *; wad M o e 31 3 9 , 0 4 h r 1 9 ) ct u e M t, 4 S. i 539,546- ( 981 Thefder cou tdoesnotwei t e de eorc i rt c e biiyof 47 1 :. e al r gh he vi nc onsde he r di lt wi e s s Uni dS ae v. rnao , 9F.d7 , 0 ( t Ci. 98 ) t se . t tts Ari t n 71 2 01 7 4 4h r 1 3 . n e Any r tona tiroff c c d ha f md be a i l re a t oul ve ot yond ar s bl doubtt tpeii ea ona e ha ttoner commit diti i ofhe oi .6 To pr pettone c mitd diti i ofher n i ted srbuton r n oi n ove ii r om te srbuton vi ai ofVigi aCodej 1 2- t Commo alhne dedt pr be olton r ni 8. 248,he nwe t e o ove yondar s bl ea ona e doubtt tpe ii ha ttonerm a a t e s d,ga ,di ti e o pos e s d w ih t i t ntt nuf c ur d, ol ve s r but d, r s s e t he n e o m a a tle,s l,gi orditi e ac r l s t nc o a i iato c r l s tnc nuf c tr e l ve srbut ontoled ubsa e r n m t i n ontoled ubsa e. Thee de s vi nce howed t ton M a c 21 2009,Te a Je nsta ld t pe ii rs ha rh , el nd nki r vee o ttone ' r i nc Te t tfe a ti lt tdurngt vii, ttone s dJ nki he oi Te esde e. el esii d t ra ha i he st pe ii r ol e ns r n. el e pan dp tto e ij ce he a dJ r i swihh r i J n iso ed s dfo ted gsa d x lie eiin r ne t d r n el n t eon. e kn v r o e r m h nz n k d e asar ul.Thef l ng da t polc s ar he pettone ' r i ncea dicove e t id es t olowi y, he i e e c d ii r s esde nd s r d he dr g pa a r i a dr gs Tee a ted s i taly le t t polce butconfr u r phe nala nd u . l dmit he nii l id o he i , i med a ti t ral t tpe ii rhad s l dr gst J nki .Theti lc tbe ive t Co m o ha ttone o d u o e ns ra om' le d he m nweat se de e lh' vi nc a drj ce p t in rsveso o t e e t.Th tilc u t p ct lyn tdTe lst si n n ee t d ei o e ' rin f he v n s e ra o r s e i l oe e' e tmo y t ka 6Theduepr s clus oft Foure nt Ame oce s a e he te h ndme pr ecsasaeco tdefndantfom convito Ã§e pt nt ot t tt ur e r cin txce uponpr be oof yond ar s bl do ofe r fctne s yt c tt t t c i wih whih hei c r '1 ea ona e ubt ve y a cesar o onsiue he rme t c s haged.' 1 . r Wis o 39 U. 3 8 3 4(97 ) e nhi, 7 S. 5 , 6 1 0. 14 wa Shemor c e bl t tmonyt twasgve he et ' Doc tNo.1 2) Acc di y, st t e r di e esi ha i n r oday.'( ke 3or ngl pe ii rf ist esa ih t tt e de wa i ufi i ntt s t n diti i ofhe oi ttone a l o tbls ha he vi nce s ns fc e o usai srbuton r n con c i vi ton. l Conc uso V. l in Fo t f r goi r s ,1wilgr r ponde ' m oton t dim ist pe ii f a r he o e ng ea ons l ant es nts i o s s he tton or w rtofha asco pus i be r . TheClr i die t d t s nd acopy oft sm e a um opi on a t a ompa ng ek s rce o e hi mor nd ni nd he cc nyi or rt t pa te . de o he ri s me, E E ti1 - day ofJt 2013. NT R: s* h 2 - / Se o Unie St t Diti tJ ni td aes src udge 15

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