Chapman v. Willis et al, No. 7:2012cv00389 - Document 66 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 5/28/2013. (tvt)

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:k .#.:p i.;. 41%:.:e : e : , . A mN !k,A T Fl (iV # . I TH E U NI N TED STATE S D I STR I C O U RT CT FO R T H E W ESTERN D I STR I O F VI G I A CT R NI ROANOKE DI I ON V SI f81 #J2 tL % cu Rx u ' ' DE ' N LO U I R O Y CH APM A N , S C as No.7: 2- ve 1 c 00389 Pl nt f , ai i f M EM O M N D U M O PI I N N O V. ROM A W I S, ! 1 , LLI Ã¢ z D e endant . f s 1 By: H on.Jaclson L .K i t ser Se or U nied St e D i t i tJudge ni t at s s r c Loui Roy Cha a a Vigi ai t pr e ngpr K ,fl d t scvi rght aci n s pm n, r ni nma e oc edi o ie hi i l i s to . pts a t o4 U. C. 1 3.Ch p nn me a d fnd n sRo W ils Lt M . tr, a y t u n t 2 S. j 98 r a ma a s s ee a t ma l , . Pee s Tr c i La whor La aPe r e Lt Adki ,W iln Clr Nihol Li m e W . . emi , . n, ur de s n, . ns lim a k, c e nn n, D J r ngs Lt La ade M e dowsa t Comm o pr , a nd he nweat ofVigi a. 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Town ndus nih o ', p S. 1 ) e lo o. v. ofS.Pi s 532F. 269, ( hCi. ) Cha nase t vai camsagans t ne , 3d 273 4t r 2008 . pma srs rous li i the de e n s a 1a lgedl co cedt ora ii fom def nda RomaW ils'r ntcptr ui f nda t , 1 le y nne t o rsng r e nt li oma i ts t a s xuala e.Cha n cai st ton va i oc asons beg nni i Se e be 201 nd e bus pma l m ha rous c i , i ng n pt m r 0, W ilst l t hi a o t he hi i as xua m n r The ea tr t ot rdef nt li aked o m nd/ r ouc d m n e l nne . r fe , he he enda s a t d t co rup W ils i ppr i t be vi ,i udi f bi ng hi f om s a ng w ih c e o ve li ' na opr a e ha or ncl ng or ddi m ' r pe ki t W ilsa c ran medi lpr e so l,housng hi i s gr to and uli t l ta f ri li nd e ti ca of s i nas i m n e egai n tma e y r nse rng hi fom Aug t Core tona Ce e (t m r usa rci l ntr C Augusa' t PowhaanCor ci Ce e t' o ) t re tonal ntr tt Ã» powhaaf'.Spectc l Cha nbrngst f l ngcai : tl l ii aly, pma i he olowi l ms ( )Du i gt ep ro fo S p e e 2 0tr ug Ap i 2 1 d f n a tW ilss k 1 rn h e id r m e tmb r 01 h o h rl 01 , ee d n li po e t Cha a i as xua m a o pm n n e l nnera s xualy t uc d hi i vi a i ofhi nd e l o he m n olton s c tt i rg sunde j1 PREA,VDOC Opeai Pr e esa Vigi a onsiutonal iht r 983, rtng oc dur nd r ni s at es. t ut ( )De e d n Pee st l Ch p nt th c udn t akt W ils o hewo db p a e 2 fn a t tr od a ma ha e o l o tl o li, r ul e lc d i s gr ga i i vi ai n ofCha a srgh st fe s c a duepr s under n e e ton, n olto pm n' i t o r e pee h nd oce s t Fis and Fo te h Ame m e s he r t ure nt nd nt . 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()Dee a t e n n s W ad n a Au u t : 7 fnd n J n i g , r e t g sa ()ledt Cha nwhe het dhi t tt Spe ill tgai Uni a i o pma n ol m ha he ca nvesi tve t i si ton r r nghi cai a i tW ilswa c nve tga i ega di s l m gans li s ompl t eed; ()plc dCh p ni sg e ai ni v oaino h srg t u d rt eEihh b a e a ma n e r g to n i lto f i ih s n e h g t A m e e ;a ndm nt nd ()ta ser dCha ma fo Au u t t P wh tni vilto o hi d c rn fre p n r m g sa o o aa n oain f s ue pr s rg sa i r t i i f re r ii hi Fis Am e e rght. oce s i ht nd n ealaton o xe c sng s rt ndm nt i s ()Dee a tLa a efr e Ch p nt wakao ndt ie wiha ij rd fo a d 8 fnd n prd oc d a ma o l r u mad d t n nu e o t n e r ie i uns nia y r c e ton ca s i vi a i oft Ei ht Am e e . xe c s n a t r e r a i ge , n olton he g h ndm nt Laprade i al responsi e f t actons ofot def ndant w hi vi at t s so bl or he i her e s ch ol ed he Ei h Ame m e ,i udi def nda spl ci Cha ght nd nt ncl ng e nt a ng pman i s gr ton,de e n e egai f ndan t Pe r e sr f s lt a l Cha a t s eDr Sa t f a def nda Clr ' de s n' e u a o low pm n o e . a hof, nd e nt a ke s ye lng a snm m i t fa on Cha a sce ldoor li nd l ng he l p pm n' l . ()De e ntM ea , e c Supevior fie t di nossCha n' fa t e 9 f nda dows M dial r s , ald o ag i pma s rcurd a e f r35 da ,i vi a i oft Ei ht Am e e . nkl o ys n olton he g h ndm nt2 I hi Co pl nt Cha a saest a1 cli sa eag ns t de e nt i t i pe s nala n s m ai , pm n t t hat 1 am r ai t he f nda s n her r o nd pr es i c ctesand s e money dn of sonal apa ii e ks mage s. I. l Anal i yss Exha ton ofA d i sr tveRe e es usi m nitai m di An a r o s mmayj g n i a p o raewh n%h p e dn s t ed s o eya wad f u r ud me t s p r p it e t e la ig ,h ic v r nd t dicos ematra son fl and a a fda t s s l ur eil ie, ny fi vis how t tt r i no ge nei s ast ml ha he e s nui s ue o y maeil a ta dta t mo a ti e tte t j d me ta amatro lw. F d R. v. tra fc n h t he v n s n ild o u g n s te f a ' e . Ci P. ' 5 () F rapat se i e c t rieag n i eis eof tra fc s fiin t a o dsl r 6c . o ry' v d n e o as e u n su mae il a t u fce t o v i l mmay j d me t imu tb Ã§ u ht a ara o a l j r c udrt m avedc f rt no - v n u g n ,t s e Ã§ c h t e s n be u y o l eu s r it o he n mo i g pa t 'Ande s v. be t Lobbv.l , U . 242,248,1 S.Ct 25 91L.Ed.2d 202 ry. ' r on Li ry nc.477 S. 06 . 05, ( 9 6 .l ma i t i d tr nai n lh c u tsr q ie t ve tefcsa dd a 1 8 ) n kng hs ee mi to ,i e o r i e urd o iw h a t n rw t r a o bl i e e e i alghtm os f r bl t t nonmovi pa t ' Sha v.Stoud,1 F. e s na e nf r nc s n i t avo a e o he ng ry. ' w r 3 3d 7 , 9 (t Ci. 9 4 . 91 7 8 4 h r 1 9 ) ThePrs Lii tonRefr Ac (TL1A' pr des a ion tgai om t C l ' ovi , mongot t ngs t ta ) her hi ,ha prs ne c nno b i a cvi aci co e ni prs c tonsuntlhehasfr te use i o r n t rng i l ton nc r ng ion ondii i is xha t d 2Att e ofhi c he nd s ompl nt Cha n saest talt o he de e nt adeda a td W ilsi he ale d ai , pma tt ha 1 he t r f nda s i nd bete li n r lge sxua a ea as ge aly a s rst ta1t defndant a e t pl ehi i a nitai s egain. e l bus nd lo ner l s e t ha l he e s gr ed o ac m n dmi sr tve egr to Howe r ac tne nota e pli ifsi nwar nt deduci y d oote sco l i oflw'o Ss epi ve , our ed cc pt antf t ra ed u tons' s ls ncusons a ' r twe ng 'r lga c ncuso c s i t ef r o f cu l le a in a Cu trv. we n v, 9F.d 1 5 ,1 6 ( t Ci.1 9 ) A e l o l ins a t n h o m f a t a alg to s' se S e e 8 3 1 6 1 3 4h r 9 6 . ' c mpan d e n ts t ifitn esta e asrinlld v i o frhe fcu le h ncme t'As cot . o lit o s o uf t t e d r n k d seto s'e od f ut r a ta n a e n a h r fv ke i ' lba, 5 U. 6 2, 7 (00 )(i to o te ) Ch p nh sn t l g dta a yo teohe d fn a t p l5 6 S. 6 6 8 2 8 ct in mitd . a ma a o al e h t n f h t r ee d ns a e as a t hi ort theas dt t pr e thi fo W ils Furhe , ha notpr de a s por frhi s uled m, ha ke hem o otc m rm li. t r he s ovi d ny up t o s co l i t tal de e nt a e t pl ehi i s egai Ac di y,t t e e t tCha ncuson ha 1 f nda s gr ed o ac m n egr ton. cor ngl o he xtntha pmani s a tm ptngt brngas pa aecam r ga di t ealegai ,i i dimis f f iur t saeacl m . te i o i e rt li e r ng hes l tons t s s sed or al e o tt ai 4 a alb ea mi itaier me is Nusl v Po tr 5 4U. 51 , 2 ( 0 )(neprtn 4 v ia l d nsrtv e de . se . re, 3 S. 6 5 4 20 2 itr ei g 2 U. C. 1 9 ea) Th j1 9 e a e ha sinr q rme t p ist t l imaes t, eh r S. j 9 7 ( ). e 9 7 () x u to e uie n a pl o t ln t uis wh te e a t y i vege r lcr um sa so pa tc a e s ,... t rt y al gee es i he nvol ne a ic t nce r riul r piodes whehe he le xc sve f r or s o ce omeot rwr 'a whe he o nott f nn ofr le t i a es ksi a lbl he ong,' nd t r r he o e if he nm t ee s vaia e t r u he h usino a miitai rme is L Toc mpywihj 1 9 ea , nimaemu t h o g x a to f d n srtve e de .4. o l t 9 7 () a n t s f l e c se oft e t bls d admi sr tvepr dtr t tt sa epr de t prs r olow a h t p he s a ihe nitai oce te ha he t t ovi s o ione s a dme tal e die wihnt t r c dlebeo efl gh sj1 3a to S eW o d o dv. n e l d a l s t i ha p o e t fr ii i 98 cin. e o f r n r n Nco,548U. 81,9 94( ) S. 0- 2006 . Ã§Al a miitaierme yi n tc n iee t h veb e a alb ei ap io e, l n d n srtv e d s o o sd r d o a e n v ia l f rs n r g t o h nof ul ofhi o wa pr ve ed fom a lnghi e fofi. M oo e v.Be te,51 hr ug a t s wn, s e nt r vaii ms l t' ' r nne t 7 F. 71 725( h Ci. .Ac or ngl ons 3d 7, 4t r2008) c di y, ummayj r udgme ,t dititc ti nt he src our s toblg t d t e tr t ta def c si e usi we enotpr ur d fom t a ton ori to t i a e o nsle ha ny e t n xha ton r oc e ' he c i r naci n o p io o fcas'Hil O' in, 8 F. p' 3 6 4 0( t Ci. 01 )(iigAq iaf rs n fiil. l v. Bre 3 7 Ap x 9 , 0 4h r 2 0 ctn ulr ' Avela v. rel 478F. 1 1 ( 0t Ci.2007:.Theblr ofs wi t t lveda Terl, 3d 223, 225 1 h r zden ho ng ha a nita i r m e eswe euna l ele wih t pl i if Se e. ,Gr m v.Ge r dmi sr tve e di r vaiabl is t he antf e, g. ahn ntv, 41 F. p x6 0 6 3( t Ci.01 )(Ã» 1 o d rt s o t a ag iv nc p o e u ewa n t 3 Ap ' 6 , 6 4h r2 1 Ã»In r e o h w h t re a e r c d r s o ( Kval bl 'aprs rm us a a ia ey ione t dduc f c ss e a t howi t the waspr nt t ough no f ul ofhi ng ha eve ed, hr a t s o , r m a iighms l o t t r c dle' (ii M o r, 7F.da 7 5 . wn fo valn i ef f ha p o e t .) ctnc o e 51 3 t 2 ) r' De e nt ofe a c ofOpe a i Pr edlr 866. whih s t o t pr e e f nda s f r opy r tng oc ze 1, c e s ut he oc dur i tsi Vigi aDe rme ofCore tons( nmae n r ni pa t nt rci VDOC)prs mus f l t e us ions t olow o xha t a miitai rme isi c mp in ewi j 1 9 ea .Do k t . 2 1 Dee d n ssaet a d n srtve e de n o la c t 9 7 () ( c e No 5 - ) fn a t tt h t h Cha nhasnote usedhi a nitai rme esf cams4,5,6()a ( , ( a pma xha t s dmi srtve e di or li a nd b) 7 a) nd ( ,8a 9.I s t dee nt ha s te t de lrtonofS.Conne,t I tt i b) nd n uppol fnda s ve ubmitd he caai r he nsiutonal Ombuds a a Augusa, m n t t who sa est tr vi w ofCha a sgre nc r or i c t st t tt ha e e pm n' iva e ec ds ndi a e ha hedi notfl any r gul gre d ie e ar ivanc r ga di t s cli s es e r ng he e am . l r s o s t d fn a t' to f rs mma yj d me t Ch p na srst a heh s n e p n e o ee d ns mo in o u r u g n , a ma se t h t a fl a t a e tofExha ton' a wel asa Afi vi wih e bis sai heha e use ied t t men st usi ' s l n fda t t xhi t, ttng s xha t d hi a nitai rme es ( ke 65 1 p. Howe r Cha nma no s cii s dmi srtve e di . Doc t - , 3) ve , pma kes pe fc a pl n sr g r igcams4 5 6 a a d () 7()a d( ) 8a 9a dar ve o h sAfia t r me t e adn li , , () n b , a n b , nd n e iw f i fd vi a t a tche gre ncef m sr vea sno gre nce fld a nd he ta d i va or e l i va s ie boutt s c am s he e l i . Be us Cha a f l t ofe s ii e de e c r ditng def nda s e de t t ca e pm n ais o f r pecfc vi nc onta c i e nt ' vi nce ha h fie t f lo t ema d t r r q ie n o f lya dp o el e h usigcams4, , a e ald o o lw h n ao y e ur me t f ' l n r p ry x a tn li u 5 6() a ( ,7( )a ( ,8and9,hes cli aebardunde j1997ea fom c i rto i nd b) a nd b) t e ams r re r () r onsde ain n ti j 1 8 p o e dng Ac o dngy Iwi g a t h d fn a t' to f rsl r j g n h s 9 3 r c e i . c r i l , l rn t e ee d n s moin o l l mmay ud me t o t s camsa dd s s t e wih u p eu ie n hee li n imis h m t o t rj dc . I . ( l in 1 3 rar l cli 1 Cha a a lgest t be nni i Se embe 2010 a c i ngt i n am , pm n le ha , gi ng n pt r nd ontnui mtl Aprl2011 W ilss xua l a r a ialy ptr ue hi i vi a i ofhi co tt i lrght i , li e ly nd om ntc l ls d m n olton s nsiutona i s t e j1 3 PREA, md r 98 , VDOC Op rtngPr c dle a dc ranVign ac i na sau e . eai o e t s n eti r ii rmi l tt ts3 r Spe iia l Cha a saest W ilsmades lc c fc ly, pm n t t hat li exua omm e s i udi t li Cha a s nt, ncl ng elng pm n he 3Cha ma camsWii' cin volt VignaCo ej 1 .2 6 . (e u l t l ,1 .- 71 ( n rl p n li ls ato s i ae r ii d j 8 - 74 S x a Bat y) 82 6 .0 Ge ea l e Dei io s a d 1 . 6 . (tlig .Ho v r Ã»AIp iaectz nlc saj iil c nia eitrs i te tnt n , n 82-03 Sakn ) we e,E rv t iie a k udcal og z bl nee tn h i I y po e uino n n rs c to o a te . Li aR. v. c adD.41 U. 61 , 9(9 3 .Ch p nas rs c to r o po e uin f noh r' nd S. Rih r , 0 S. 4 61 1 7 ) a ma lo ' cai t tW ils acinsvi ae VDOC Ope ai Pr dur s a defndant a l ms ha li' to oltd r tng oce e , nd e s cknowl get tfaeni toni ed ha r tr zai s a ns VDOC polc Howe r vi ato ofsat l orr gultonsby saeofk i sdo no pr vi abassf gai t iy. ve , ol ins t e aws e ai tt t al t o de i or c n tuin l li u d rj1 8 Welrv. pt fS ilS r ie, 01F.d3 7 3 2(t Ci.1 9 ) S cin o si to a cams n e 9 3. le De 'o oca evc s9 2 8 , 9 4h r 9 0 . e to t 1 wa i e 983 s nt nded t pr e onl f de a rght gua a ee b f r ll and nott tcl m s f whi h t r ar o ot ct y e r l i s r nt d y ede a aw or ai or c he e e a e u t rme ist e saelw.Wrz t Colns 7 6F.d8 , 4 ( t Ci.1 8 ) Panifssaelw d q ae e de md r tt a ih v. l , 6 2 41 8 9 4h r 9 5 . litf' tt a i camsaetu n tide e d nl a t na l u d rj1 8 , n tec u t cie t e riesp e na li r h s o n p n e t ci be n e 9 3 a d h o r deln s o xecs u plme tl y o jrs it no e te i t sa to Se 2 U.. j1 6 () Alsc camswil eds se wi o t rj dc uidci v r h m n hi cin. e 8 SC. 3 7c. 1 u h li lb imis d t u p eu ie o h a or ngl cc di y. 6 wa e hi t ha s x wih he ,a t he hi i a s xua m n ron muli eocc i , nt d m o ve e t r nd ouc d m n e l nne tpl asons i l ngiubblng Cha ncudi i i j pman' pe suntlhewa aous d,' tki hi ha a plcng r s ni i s r e 'and a ng s nds nd a i t m on he butoc a br a t.4 Cha n f rhe c am sW ilst dhi s l d hi a he r t ks nd e ss pma u t r l i li ol m he ove m nd s nthi bit e m rhday a Chrsm a c r .Shealo s nthi lte s dr w hi pit e a m a up nd it s a ds s e m e tr , e m c ur s nd de as i c ofge t es i l ngt hi he nec a ,puti he fnge t he lps a pecal ode sur , ncudi ouc ng r klce tng r i r o r i , nd s lng, c s us t commt c t Ã§ l you,'o ( ki s' n s c dn' s kt mii whih he ed o mi a e Ã§ ove 1 ' r 1 s 'whe he oul t pea o a hi . m ()PIEy 1 tt Theei nobassi 1w f aprvaec us ofa tonunde j 1 t e or aPREA r s i n a or i t a e ci r 983 o nf ce v oain Ã§ s e to 1 8 is l ce tsn rg t' ah rip o i e ameh df rvndc tng i lto .d jcin 9 3 tef rae o ih s rte t r v d s to o i iai l , fd r l ih seswh r c nfre 'Do v Br d rc , 2 F.d4 , 47(t Ci. 0 ) e ea rg t le e e o e rd. e . o eik 2 5 3 40 4 4h r 20 0 ' ( tr a ctto so te ) t W l e etetx a dsnztr o asauepr vd noidc to t a i en l iain mitd .s h r h e t n t ct e f tt t o ie n iain h t n l z Co r s i e t c eae ne i vi rght,t ei no bassf aprva es t whe he ng e s nt nds o r t w ndi dual i s her s i or i t ui, t r unde j 1 ort ra i idrgh ofacin. Go a Uni v. r 983 mde n mple i t to ' nz ca v. Doe,536U. 273, 6 ' S. 28 ( 0) 20 2 . Not ng i t PREA s hi n he uggesst tCo r si e t ha ng es nt ndedt c eae aprvaerghtofaci o r t i t i ton f i t st s prs ofi i sf rno ompla ewih t Ac .SeeBa lv. c or nma e o ue ion fcal o nc inc t he t l Be kworh, t No. CV 1 - 0 3 2 1U. Dit LEXI 1 9 2 , 01 W L 43 5 0 , t* ( M o tAu . , 10 0 7, 01 S. s. S 0592 1 7 8 6 a 4 D. n . g 31 20 1 ( ingc s s.t'ePREA i itn e t a d e st ep o lm o rpei prs n a to ie 1 ) ct a e ) tf i -h s n e d d o d r s h r b e f a n io , uh rz s g a tmoney,a c e t ac rn nd r aes omm ison t sud t i s ... saut doe notgr nt s i o t y he s ue. The t t e s a prs ne sa s ik rght . Chi c v. i o r ny pecf i s' nni i Edwa ds No.1: c 229,2008 U. Dit LEXI ' r , 07- vS. s. S 4Cha a algesW ilst hi ha a pl ed t m on he butoc tmovi t m i a cic a m oton' on pm n le li ook s nds nd ac he r t ks Ã§ ng he n r ulr i ' Ocobe 29,201 Nov t r 0, embe 1 201 a Nove r23,2010. He f rheralgest to Febr a y 9,2011 s r 2, 0 nd mbe u t le ha n ur he to hi h n sa dpu t m o h rb to k a dbe ssa dÃ§u b dhsp ni u tl(e wa ao s d' o k s a d n the n e utc s n rat n t b e i e s ni h l s ru e . r ' l 9 3 2 08W L 3 51 9 , t* ( VtAu .1 , 0 8 .Thu , an iffist saeaj1 8 1 9 3, 0 8 2 4 a 3 D. . g 3 2 0 ) s Plitf al o tt 93 c am ba e on a alege vi a i oft PREA . co d l coev.Ya e , 1. - 001 li s d n l d olton he Ac r ns t s No. 08 CV- 588, 2 0 U. Dit LEXI 9 01 , 0 9W L 3 1 8 0( D. lOc. 8 2 0 ) 0 9 S. s. S 2 220 6 7 1 E. Ca. t 2 , 0 9 . W ilsha r ie qualfe i muniy a a afima i de e e,e tti he t sl a y li s as d ii d m t s n fr tve f ns n ilng r o lmm r j g n .t lfe i n t p o e t o t r whoc mmic nsi to a vilto b t o, ud me tÃ§ iid mmu iy r tcs fkes oua o t o tt in l oains u wh u i lghto clary esa ihed lw,c dr as bl bei vet tt i a tonswe el u . n i f e l tbls a oul e ona y le ha her c i r awf l' ' He r v. u l, 5 F.d5 4 5 ( t Ci. 01 )(nb n )(iicSa ce v. t, 3 U. n v Ptnel6 2 3 2 , 31 4h r 2 1 e a c ctn u ir Kaz 5 3 S. 1 4, 6( 0 ) o e ze i p r b Pe ro v. la a , 5 U. 2 3( 0 9 Quaiid 9 20 2 01 , v m ld n a t y a s n Calh n 5 5 S. 2 2 0 :. lfe i nt iv le at -tpi q iy: a wh t e t ep an if alg to ssaeacam ta mmu iy n ov s wo se n ur ( ) eh r h litf s le ain tt li h t d fn a t c n uc v oae ac n tt t n l rsauo yrg t a i s ,b wheh rt a rg t ee d n ' o d t i ltd o siui a o tt tr ih ; nd f o () t e h t i h s o wa c e ry esa ihed.Sa i r 533 U. a 201.l t c tdee mi t tt f ct a lged, s l a l t bls uc e , S. t f he our tr nes ha he a s le t ke i t lg mos f vor bl t t pl ntf,do nots a n n he i ht t a a e o he ai if how t tt ofk e ' c ha he t r s onduc vi aed a t ol t c nsi to a rg tt nted fn a ti e tte t s mma.j g n wih u frh r o tt in l ih,he h ee d n s n ild o u t ud me t t o t u te u y dic so o q aiidi miy J . t2 .Be a eplitf c n o s o t a W ilsv oae susin f u l e mmt t .. a 01 c us an if a n t h w h t l i ltd f i i h sc nsi in lo sau o yrg t u d rt ePREA, ilsi e tte t sl r j d me t i o tmto a r ttt r ih s n e h W li s nild o l mma y u g n unde t fr tSauce pr r he is ir ong.533 U. a 206.Ac r ngl Igr ntt de e nt m oton f S. t co di y, a he f nda s' i or sl r j tmmay udgme onpli ifsPREA cam. nt antf li ()Ei hhAme me t 2 gt nd n ( saeacli unde 42U. C.jl apli ifmus alget vi ato ofarght 1 tt am To r S. 983, antf t le he ol in i s c edbyt Co tt i orl oft Unie St t sandm us s e ur he nsiuton aws he td a e t how t tt de i ton of ha he prva i t trg wasco mitd by ape s aci unde c orofsae lw . W e t 48 U . a 48. ha i ht m te r on tng r ol tt a ' s, 7 S t ' W hie Cha an doe no s c fc l s at how W ils s xua ac svi l t hi c tt i na l pm s t pe i aly t e li ' e l t o a e s ons iuto l rght , hec twilconsnz hi co pl i asan a tmptt brnga c am unde t Ei ht i s t our l t e s m ant te o i li r he g h 8 Ame e . D e enda sa g t t e a s i astuee v t ng Cha a as e t, s ndm ntS f nt r ue ha , ven s um ng r ve hi pm n s rs hi r l to hi wih W ilswasco e ual a t doesnotvi aet Consiuton. De e nt e ai ns p t li ns ns , nd hus olt he tt i f nda s f t r c a m t tW ils i e il d t t de e e ofqua i i d i m t iy. urhe l i ha li s ntt e o he f ns lfe m m t The f r tpr oft q lfed i m uniy ana ys si w he he - i t lg m os i s ong he ua ii m t l i s t r n he i ht t f vor bl t pl i if pl i ifa lgest tW ilsunde t conduc t tvi aedpli ifs a a e o antf antf le ha li rook t ha olt antf c tt ina rg s Sauce ,533U. a 201 l aj198 cli ag ns asaeofki undert onsiuto l iht. ir S. t . n 3 am ai t tt t al he Eihh Ame d n , p an ifmus d mo taet a ()t ealg dc n u ti t b e tv l , gt n me t a litf t e nsrt h t 1 h l e o d c s t j ciey e o s fiin l s ro ' al ( )t a t p io o fca wa E eieaeyi dfe e t otep an ifs u fce ty eius' t 2 h the rs n fiil s t lb r tl n ifrn t h litf ; d d rgh s he lh ors f t ' nd ha aGs tc e ty c pa esa eofm i 'Fa m e v. e n,511 i t, at a e y'a d lufi i n l ul bl tt nd. r r Br nna ' U.. 2 , 3 ( 9 4 .Gf eEih hAme me tsp o i to o tnzla du u u l S 8 5 8 4 1 9 ) t' g t -h nd n ' r hbi n f c e n n s a' i pt s e snec s a iy e ude fom co tt i lr c nii demi mi us ofphysca mihm nt e s rl xcl s r nsiutona e og ton ni s es i l f ce pr dedt tt us off c i notofas r Ã§e or , ovi ha he e or e s o t r pugna t t c cinceofmanki '' nt o he ons e nd.' Hu s nv Mc lin 5 3U. 1 9 1 ( 9 2 ( mit gctto s. d o . Mila , 0 S. , - 0 1 9 ) o ti iai n ) n Ast t trtpr oft qualfe i uniy t s ,i i t s e i t c e1w t o he i s ong he ii d mm t e t t s mdiput d n he as a hat s xua a eby aprs gua don a i ae ma vi a et Ei h Am e e .Se W oodf d, e l bus ion r n nm t y olt he ght ndm nt e or 5 8U.. t1 8( e e, .d se tn )(W c o d n l,ho eimae whoaesx al a sul d 4 S a 1 Br y r J, is n ig C c r i gy t s n ts r e u l sa t y e by gua ds orwhos s xua a s ulsby ot ri a e a ef ciia e by guar , r , e e l sa t he nm t s r a ltt d ds haves f r ufe ed ga d p i to so t erEihhAme d n rg t. Fn me, 1U. a 8 4(f ig rve e rvai n f h i g t n me t ih s' r r 51 S. t 3 t n l; Be vi e l a s ule i prs i sm pl notpa toft pe t t tc i na ofe r pa f t i olnty s a t d n ion s i y r he naly ha rmi l f nde s y or her o fns sa an ts cey.)(ne a ctto o te ) S hwe kv Ha to d, 0 F.d 1 8 ,1 9 fe e g is o it ' itm l iain mitd ; c n . rf r 2 4 3 1 7 1 7 ' ( t Ci. 0 0 (Ã» s x a a s ut n a imaeb ag ad r g r ls o t g n e o t e 9h r 2 0 ) : e u l sa lo n n t y u r - e ade s f he e d r f h A 5Se Huzhe v. Ro , 4 U..5(9 0 (ttn ta tepe dn so p os lia t aea c r e l r l s e we 4 9 S 1 8 ) saig h t h la ig f r e ig ns r co d d i a t be c nsr cin o tu to ) 9 g a do o t ep io e i d e l t fe sv t h ma dg iy')(ii F l v. c rh , u r r f h rs n r s e py o fn ie o u n int .' ctnc ei M ca tv ' x 9 9F.d6 9 7 2( t Ci.1 91 ; d i v. c ne e,1 5F.d8 7 8 ( dCi. 99 ) 3 2 9 , 0 9h r 9 ( Bo d e S h id r 0 3 5 , 61 2 r 1 7 9 (t c us sx a a u eb ac re to o fc rma c nsiues ro sh r ifitdb a E a e e u l b s y o r cins fie y o t t eiu am n lce y n Be t ofi e wih as fce l c pa esa eofm i aleg tonsofs h a e a ec nia eas fc r t ufi inty ul bl tt nd, l a i uc bus r og z bl Eiht Ame g h ndmen cams' seas Rotnv.M c l No. V. 08- -J 2009U. t li .); e lo e Donad, CI A. 081J F, S. Dit LEXI 1 1 6 , 0 9W L 4 4 3 7 a * ( De. v. 0 2 0 )(iigc s s, f', 9 s. S 19 0 2 0 3 8 6 , t 4 D. lNo 3 , 0 9 ctn a e ) a fd 3 4 F. p' 8 6( dCi. 01 ) Ap x 3 3 r 2 0 . Coursha r c z ho ve ,t tno e r a lga i ofs xua a e i t ve e ogni ed, we r ha t ve y le ton e l bus s Ã§ be tv l s f in l s ro s'o pu p s sof h Ei hhAme me t Se W iknsv. d v t j ci ey, u fce ty ei u 'fr r o e t e g t o nd n . e li Ga d , 1 0S. .1 7 ,1 7 ( 01 )(s l t veymae oln t u hb ap io g adgve rs t a 3 Ct 1 5 1 8 2 0 G o e r lv e t o c y rs n u r i s ie o l fd r l a eo a to ' Bo de 1 5F.d a 8 (Ã»ls ltde io e o h r sme t n e ea c us f cin. d i, 0 3 t 61 E lo ae ps d s f a a s n a d ); l t hi ...a e des c bl ... t y do noti ve a hn m off de a co tt i ouc ng r pi a e. But he nvol r e r l ns iutonal p o rinsa d fn db t Su e Co r.l(iigFame , 1U. a 8 3 3 ) l se d, rpo t o s ei e y he prme u t' ctn r r 51 S. t 3 - 4 . n ta ' c t mus c ours t onduc a f c -nt nsve,c s - ca e i r t de e mi i t s xuala ewa t a ti e i a e by- s nquiy o t r ne f he e bus s s t i l s rous ufk enty e i . Def nda sa g t bec us Cha a sr l tons p wih W ilswa c e ua , e nt r ue hat a e pm n' e ai hi t li s ons ns l W ils aci nsdi notvi aehi c tt i na rg s Def nda ssa et tCha li ' to d ol t s onsiuto l i ht . e nt tt ha pmanne r ve c am st tW ils aci nsw e et nt d s xua adva s and c t t pori nsofhi compl nt l i ha li' to r mwa e e l nce , ie o to s ai t tpur re y s ha po tdl how hewasawilngpa tcpa t li ri i n .Spe t al Cha cik ly, pman doe notcli he s am e rt d W ilst s op,a adm ishe t ke t W ilsa uts c tc s x ac s. M o e r ve ol li o t nd t al d o li bo pe ii e t r ove , Cha n wasa r nty wilng t m e tW ilswhe a wher s r que td a a W ils pma ppa e l li o e li n nd e he e se nd, t li ' r equest he w at , ched herf om hi cel w i r s l ndow . Chapm an kepthi r atonshi w ih W ilsa s el i p t li s r tf sx m ont ,untlAprl2011 no f lng a g i va e untli a ec e or i hs i i , t ii r e nc i t ppea e he m i ge i rd ght t n 10 toubl f t r ltons p.Howe r t oughouthi co pl nt Cha n r e st W ils r e or he ea i hi ve , hr s m ai , pma ef r o li' t ouchi hi pe sand pl i hi handson he br as sa butoc asÃ» i on r pe. He s a es ng s ni ac ng s r e t nd t ks s s a ' pr ' tt t tW ilst d hi t t t la ha li ol m s o el nyone a not boutus'a t d hi i woul be l s f rCha n ' nd ol m t d s e o wor pma t al f he'i a hg n or r'f nyonef mdout ( ot . Docke 1, 4) I Cha n' r pons t t defnda s t p. n pma s es e o he e nt' moi nf rsl r j g n , esae ta t en v rsi t i wa ac nsns a rlto hi ' to o l mma y ud me t h tt s h t E e e ad h s s o e u l eains p' h a e pha i st tW ils a hi c ms l f ove eihtye s wasr ponsbl f Cha a s nd m sze ha li, s s ot e or or r g ar , es i e or pm n' ye rye l to a ha powe a a hoiyove hi ashi cusodilc r a r ( ke No. al vauain nd d r nd ut rt r m, s t a aetke. Doc t 6 -, 5 5 1 p. ) Thi cr tha notye de i tvey a es ed whet raprs ne c l aly c e t a s icui s t fnii l ddr s he io r an eg l ons nt o r ltons p wih ac r tona ofi e .Howe r s eoutofcic tc t ha r ogni d ea i hi t orec i l fc r ve , om - - r ui ours vt ec ze t tprs ne sa ei a e ofc en i t s xua r ltons pswih aprs ofi a .Loboz ha io r r nc pabl ons tng o e l e ai hi t ion fcil zo v. lrd De to Cor, 9F. p' 7 7, 1( 0h Ci. 01 )(ttn , t n a ay i, Coo a o p' f r.42 Ap x 0 71 1 t r 2 1 saig wi o n lss h titi t o tse ta Lo o z , n imae c udn t e al c nsn t sx l ci t wi Ã§ l s mc ne td h t b z o a n t, o l o lg ly o e t o e ua a tvi t l y h M at e , g ad'; ria v. vi, 0F. u p. d4 8( De . 9 9 (o l igta Ã» sa ri z a u r ' Carg n Da s 7 S p 2 4 D. l 1 9 ) c ncudn h t s n ) a ma trof1 w ... hecons ntdef ei una l bl 't aprs n g r who e gesi as xual te a t e ens s vaia e' o io ua d nga n e a twihaprs r;Cas v. c t ione ) h Count ofEre, 0 cv- 82,2009U. Dit LEXI 91 2, v i No. 4- 01 S. s. S 23 2 0 W L 31 9 58 a * ( . . . S p . 0 2 0 )6 Therto aef rte ed cso sr ss 09 9 5 , t 2 W D N Y. e t3 , 0 9 . ai n l o h s e ii n et prma iy on t i a eofc r bewe n prs n g dsa prs r .W ood v.Be ucli, i rl he mbalnc ontol t e i o uar nd ione s a gr 6 2F.d 1 41 1 4 - 0 7 (t Ci.d ho201 )( e i t ep io e c n e e t a tesx l 9 3 0 , 0 6 1 4 9h r I a 2 Ev n f h rs n r o c d s h t h e ua r ltons p i Ã§ unt y,' ca es x i ofe ta d f f vor ,i i difc tt c r c e i ea i hi s d vol ar 'be us e s tn r de or a s t s fi ul o ha a t rze sx l eai n hisi p io a tuyt ep o uc o fe c o c . e ua rlto s p n rs n s r l h r d t f r e h ie) 6 Bu s Friasv. Aut 1 F.d 1 3 ,1 3 (t Ci.1 9 )(mdn amae imae' alg to ta h wa t ee et l, 09 3 3 5 3 9 8h r 9 7 f ig l n t s l ain h t e s e sxual har s by a fmal prs n empl e ly ased e e io oyee c d not e tbls a Ei h Ame oul sa ih n ght ndmentcl m,be us t ai ca e he r ltons p wascons ns a hol ng Evolmtr s xuali e a tons no matrhow i ppr prae,c nno a a eai hi e ual nd di < t ay e ntr ci , te na o it a t s matro lw c nsiuetan' sc ne ae b teEihhAme d n .) te fa o ttt p i a o tmpltd y h g t n me t'. ' 11 l a e nt a t spoi t1nee no a e show t Fourh Cic twoul decde t n ny ve , t hi n d t ddr s he t r ui d i he c e is r ga di s lr a i hi bewee prs r a prs ofi i l be us ons nt s ue e r ng exua eltons ps t n ione s nd ion tc as ca e Cha a de esa a iso t thi r lto hi wih W ilswasc e ua ,a r e st pm n ni ny dm s i n ha s e ai ns p t li ons ns l nd ef r o W ils s xualt hesa l ion r pe. l r vi wi de e nt 'm o i f s li ' e ouc s Ã§ s a ' n e e ng f nda s ton or umm a y pr ' r j d me t lmu t o i e t fcsa dd a a1 e s n bl i frn e i t lg tmos fvo a l u g n , s c nsd r he a t n rw 1 ra o a e n ee c s n he ih t a rbe t t non- ovi pa t M a s hiaElc. ndus Co.475 U . a 58 o he m ng ry. tus t e I . , S. t 7. Thus o t f t oft c ea ba and c itntwih t a yssofo he c t,l , n he acs he as t r onsse t he nal i t r ours c n ld ta W ils alg ds x a a u eo Ch p ni Ã§ be t ey s f in l s ro 'f r o cu e h t li' le e e u l b s f a ma s t j ci l, u fce ty e ius'o o v p r s so teEih hAme d n .S e eg.W o dv. a car 6 2F.d 1 41 1 4 - (t u po e f h g t n me t e , . , o Be u li, 9 3 0 , 0 9 51 9h Ci. 01 )(le ain t a g adÃ§ to d' rs n rsp ni f rafw s c n sf rg r ' o r 2 2 alg to s h t u r t r ke 'p io e ' e s o e e o d o uad s wn s gaiiai ns tsi do j ciea d s b e tv ee n so EihhAme me tcam); e rtfc to aite b e tv n u j cie lme t f g t nd n li 7 s e W ahido v. v l, 9 F.d6 , 7hCi. 2 (Anu wa tdt u hngo ap ro s s n n Hiey 6 5 3 41 ( t r 201 ) Ã§ n ne o c i f es n' t prvaepa t,i e d t humiit t vitm org aiyt a s ia ' s xua desr s c n vi a e i t rs nt nde o la e he ci r tf he s a lnts e l ie , a olt aprs ne ' c tt tona rg swhe he ornott f c e redby t a s ia i io rs onsiu i l i ht t r he or e xe t he s a lnt s sg i c n .); l in t a t' 8 ca houn v De l , 9F.d 9 , 3 -40(t Ci. 0 )(le ai nta du n i ' Tel 31 3 36 9 9 9 7h r 2 03 alg to h t ti g a . asrps ac guadst ti e rh r t madeÃ§e rbal c s xual i d ommens'fr e (nmae t pefr Ã§ ovoc i t, o c d i tq o ro m pr atve acs 'a Ã§ nt d t i s ikst r hi a a ea'whie hebe ove '' ih no alegai n of t, nd poi e her tc owa ds s nal r l nt r'w t l to p ysc ln l y sae a EihhAme d n cam) S h n 2 4F.da 1 9 - 8(n t h ia ijz , ttd n g t r n me t li ; c we k 0 3 t 1 6 9 imae 7 Th eea p ast b a e r igdvso i tej dca te t n o c ssi whc a i t alg sapio r p e r o e n megn iiin n h u iilrame t f a e n ih n nmae l e rs n e gua ds ualy a edhi orhe .Onecls ofca esf us ont lnguagei Boddi t lmisEi h r ex l bus m r as s oc es he a n e hat i t ght Ame ndmen cai t s xuala et i Cs ve eorr ttvey 1 F. a 861 a a he cl sf e mor on t l ms o e bus hat s te r epeii ' 05 3d t , nd not r as ocus s e ' i o tmp rr sa ad o d c n y'a dtec mplt lc o p n lgc lutfc to frg r- nimaesx l Ã§ ne oay tnd r s f e e c ' n h o ee a k f e oo ia j si ain o uad o -n t e ua c i a e Se ,e. ,W ood,69 F. a 1050- . bus . e M. 2 3d t 51 8Hi l a l ed t deai srgh sunde t Fouree h Am e e , r he t n t Ei h Amendme .See vev nayz he t nee' i t r he t nt ndm nt at r ha he ght nt Belv Wots , 41U. 5 0 5 5( 9 9 (h Du P o e sClus p oe to saea lata ge ta to eu e l . l h4 i S. 2 , 4 1 7 ) te e r c s a e rtcin r t e s s ra s h s nd r teEihhAme d n) h gt n me t. 12 sa e Ei ht Am e e cai whe e g r r peaedl r quese or ls x,gr d i t s tt d g h ndm nt l m r ua d e t y e t d a e ope nma e' butoc ,e t ks xpos d hi ge t st i a e,a f c bl pr s e hi e e s nial o nm t nd or i y e s d s xpos d pe s i o t i a e' e ni nt he nm t s cohe butoc ) J c v. ko, 04- 941 2007U. Dit LEXI 68 9, lt d t ks; a obs Dur No. 1 , S. s. S 45 2007W L 2 6 4 6 a * - ( . P . p .1 , 0 7 ( l g to st a g a dÃ§o g l'g o e a imae s 7 9 3 , t 34 W D. a Se t 7 2 0 ) al ai n h t u r t u hy' r p d n n t ' e r butocksand ge t l on a sngl occ s on, i t c zs ofa pa dow n s a c a w iho a t nia s i e a i not n he olr e t e r h nd t ut ny j si c to , ybes tce tys ro sf rEih hAme d n p r os s; o l v.d h u tt ain ma i uf in l e iu o g t i n me t u p e ) Brmel I a o De to Co r, . 541 , 0 6U. DitLEXI 8 8 4, 0 W L 31 71 7 a * ( l a o p' f r.No 0 - 9 2 0 S. s. S 0 0 20 6 9 5 , t 4 D. d h Oc. , 0 6 (le aint t u r a p o c dimaefo b h n , lc dh spe i a an t t 31 2 0 ) alg to ha g a d p r a he n t r m e i d pa e i n s g is i t ' cot d butoc ,t n s ue ze t i t spe t a m us l bef e s e ngt nma es l he t ks he q e d he nma e' c or l ces or que zi he i t spr s bl cot d ge t s sa e ac am unde t Ei ht Am e e , e v ng nma e' e uma y l he nial, t t s l i r he g h ndm nt obs r i t tEt nvie s xualc a tt ti donemalci l a s ditc l t c ehn m and t t ha Ã»mi t d e ont c ha s i ousy nd a sialy o aus r ha doesnota ncea l tm ae s urt it r s i t t ofco dva ny egii t ec iy n e e t s he ype nduc t ti Ã»nc itntwih t ha s i ons se t c ne o aysa d z so d c nc a d,h rf r , ilt st Eih hAme d n ); o s o tmp rr tn a d f e e y' n t eeo e vo ae he g t n me f Th ma v.Dit ofColl a 887F.Supp.1 a 3, 5( D. 1 (le tont tg r t c s. lmbi, , t 4- D. C. 995) algai ha ua d wie f ci y t uc d ora t e t t h i a e' pe s s xua l ha as e i t ,a s ea or bl o he tempt d o ouc nm t s ni, e ly r s d nma e nd pr d r mo st a t epanifEsah mo e u l n aGnth' wa s fkin l s ro l Oi v. u r h t h litf t o s x a a d s ic ' s u t e ty eius; o i ' HÃ®t- o h Cnt De tofCo r, 1 c 204-m ,201 U. Dit LEXI 1 09, 2 W L ts ug bor y. p' r .No. 2-v- s 2 S. s. S 425 201 45 3 4 a * - ( N. Se t25 201 ) r p r a dr c mme d to a pr v d, 1 U. 1 9 4, t 2 3 D. H. p . , 2 e o t n e o n ain p o e 20 2 S. DitLEXI 1 25 3 2 2 W L 45 4 05 #1( N. Oc. , 01 )(le to t t u r s s. S 4 1 , 01 1 0 , D. H. t 2 2 2 algains ha g a d i e i ly t a d'a i ae' pe sa ort si lsdurngapa do s a ch on f nt ntona l d bbe ' n nm t s ni nd/ e tce gr i t wn e r our oc sonssaedacai (mde t Fo te hAme cai tt l m t r he ure nt ndme , t i t wa aprtil ntas he nmae s era deane l. ti e) Cha a hasa l ed,a W ilsha notr buted, ha W ilsmades xualr mar o r pm n leg nd li s e t t t li e e ks ve 13 t c s ofsx mont , t onei t he oure i hs wih nsmweofsr ng hi pe sand f uri tnc soft l hi toki s ni o nsa e adng s ha a nz ngt m on he br ssa orbutoc nds nd bbi he r ea t nd/ t ks. Cha a hasa lged e o i pan pm n le m tonal i fom t i i nt,i udi t thel t35pot , ul notea orsee a a tm pt t s e r he nc de s ncl ng ha os mds co d t l p nd te ed o e k p yc oo ia h l ( c e 1 p. 8 .Ch p nalg st a t ealg da us wa b t mo e s h lgc l ep. Do k t , 1 ) a ma l e h t h le e b e s oh r e ta d mii sc na t n rp ttv . e Bo de 1 5F.da 8 (tlheec nb n d u t h n e n mu o tc a d e eiie S e d i, 0 3 t 61 t- r a e o o b gl ta s v r o rpeii s x a a u eo a imaeb ap io o t rc nb tb e tv l, h t e ee r e t ve e u l b s f n n t y rs n f t ke a e o j ciey s fcenl s ro 'e ug t c tt ea Ei hAme me vi ai ' (mpha i a d) ufii ty eius no h o onsiut n ght nd nt oltona' e ) ss dde . Ass h,1tnd t tCha n' a lgatonss ts y t fr tee e oft c tt i na sanda d. uc i ha pma s le i a if he is lm nt he onsiuto l t r TheCour as c ude t tCha a hasalege f c so whi h t f c fnde c d t lo oncl s ha pm n l d at n c he a ti r oul dee net tW ilsa t d wih aE ufi e l c pa esa eofmi 't he eno lgii ae tnni ha li c e t Ã» tcinty ul bl t t s nd.'Ã» r W e tm t 1w e or e e orpe ogialpur eca bei e r d fom t def nda ' al ge c a nf c m nt nol c pos n nf re r he e nts le d onduc , t t a eis l m a i s ecr tmsa es be s t inte de eofac pa e sae ofm i ' he bus t ef y, n om icl tnc , ufk e vi nc ul bl t t nd. ' Boddi ,1 F. a 861. n c s ofs xuala eorr pe thec e 05 3d t I a es e bus a , l onduc is fc tt t s t t tel onsiu e s t inte denc t tf c wa us d Ã§ ai i l and s si ly f t ve y pu pos of ufk e vi e ha or e s e m lcousy aditca l or he r r e c u igh nn.' r nv. r. r o Am. 1 F.d 1 ,1 9 ( 0hCi. 9 )(u tn a sn n ' Gio Cor Cop. f , 91 3 281 2 0 1 t r 1 99 q o ic ' W hte v. b r, 7 U. 31 , 2 - ( 9 6 ) Th c u t n n t o c ieo a lgtmae ilv Ale s 4 5 S. 2 3 0 21 1 8 ). e o r c n o c n ev f ny e ii t 1w e or e e orpe ogialpu pos be nd W ils alege s xua c a nf c m nt nol c r e hi li ' l d e l omm e sa g opi of nt nd r ng Cha n. pma Thus t s c eeme oft Ei h Am e , he e ond l nt he ght ndmen sa d i s ts d,whih t t ndar s aife c t r f e s tsi t fr tee e oft qualfe i muniyt t he e or a ifes he is lm nt he iid m t es. Unde t s co ee e oft q lte i muniy t t 1m us de e nei t rg r he e nd lm nt he uaii d m t es t t nni f he i ht w a c e r y e t bls d a t tm e ofde e nts a t o .Sa e ,533 U . a 201. s l a l s a ihe t he i f nda ' c i ns uci r S. t The pur e pos oft s i r a q lted i m t iy m o e ge a l i t Ã§e lr t tde e nt Se ona y hi nquiy, nd ua ii m m t r ner ly, s o Ã§ nsz e ha f nda s r as bl ca a ii t whe t i c n ntcpae n her onduc ma gi rs t la lt bya tc ngla lt onl i :the t y ve ie o ibiiy' ta hi ibiiy y f gl 14 co otr oft rg ( olt ae s fcintyce rt taras bl ofki woul unde sa nt ls he iht vi aed rj ufi e l la ha e ona e f al d rtnd t twh t ei d igvoltst a rg t' Un td S ae v. ne , 20U. 25 2 0( 9 7 ha a h s on i ae h t ih .' ie tts La ir 5 ' S. 9, 7 1 9 ) ( u t An e s nv. ec tn, 3U.. 3 , 4 ( 9 7 W iht fcsalg d q ai e q oi nu d ro Cr iho 48 S 6 5 6 0 1 8 :. t he a t le e , u li d t i miydoesno s edW ilsfom la lt l rj1983f he s la eofCha n. mmt t t hil li ' ibiiy mde r or r exua bus pma S eSc we k 2 4F.da 1 9 . Cl u ,h s il t a q lfe i ni p o i e i l tdt e h n , 0 3 t 1 7 (-h s te h ed h t uaiid mmu t r v d s s i e o ly mi t eofi a swho a e et runa eoft rs orwho t ker a ona em e sze t co mt ri. hos fcil r ihe war he ik a e s bl a tr s o t e t W he e g r t m s l a e r s i e f rt r a s xua a eofi t s qualted r ua ds he e ves r e ponsbl o he ape nd e l bus nma e , ii i nt o fr n s il ' s eas i. int smpls a mo ta ou eo tr ,h Eihh mmu i fe s o hed. e lo d (t he i e t nd s bs lt f e ms t e g t y ); l Am e ndme rghtofprs r t bef e fom s labus wasunquesi nt i i one s o r e r exua e tonabl c e ry y lal e t bls dprort t tme oft sa lged a s t a no r as bl prs g r c d sa ihe i o he i hi le s aul, nd e ona e ion ua d oul po sb yh v b l v doh r s .) Tu n rv. ir cs , 21F. u p. d 1 4 ,1 5 - 3( . sil a e ei e te wie' ; r e Hub e te 4 e ' S p 2 1 9 1 2 5 W D. W i. 0 6 ( e yn q ai e i n t t g r swh alg dytuc e i maesb to k a d s 2 0 ) d n ig u lt d mmu iy o uad o l e l o h d n t ' u tc s n i e fndldhi pe s. o e s ni) Furhe t nnor W ils ale a tonsf l wihi t defnii ofE a ' i PREA,s e42 e, li ' lged c i al t n he i ton Ã» pe' n r e U.. j1 6 9(1 tr ia e me n t ec r a k o e g , r l o o ,sx l sa l wi SC. 5 0 $ em rp ' a s h nn l n wld e o a s d my e ua a s ut t The h a o j c, rs x a f n l o ap ro , o cbyo a an t h t ro swil. . a da e n be t o e u l o di f es n f ri l r g is t a pes n' l .' n r ng ) ci n l pr s rb db Va Co eAn . 1 .- 74( a c e i g i yo s x a b teyi h rmial o c ie y . d n j 82 6 . An c us d s ul f e u l atr f e y t s xual abus san i ewho hasbee s ntnc t c i m e i a sa eorl lc r e tona e ly e nmat n e e ed o onfne nt n t t oca o r c i l fclt o r go a j i, ndt ea c e i a e o e wihtesaeo lc l o r cin l a ii r e in l ala h c usd s n mply e t h tt r o a c re to a y fclyo r go a j i;si ap sto o a t o i o rteimae a dk o t a t ei maei a ii r e in l al i n o iin f u h rt ve h n t ' n n ws h t h n t s t y , u d r h j rs ito o t saeo lc l o rcin l a it o rg o a j i)9 Fo t e e n e t e u idcin f he tt r o a c re to a fcl y r e i n l al. r h s i 9D e e nt alo sae t ti rt niato i agans VDO C polc .' Frtr z to i d f d a Eth at o f nda s s tt ha Ã§ aer z in s i t f iy ' aeniain s eme s tje c, r l gii g t a p a a e o a s ca in wi ofe e s. t a e tn st u a c p a e u p o e so a a d p o i i d v n he p e r nc t s o ito t fnd r . h t x e d o n c e tbl, n r f si n l n r h bt h . e be a ir.. a lsicud .. n a igi rma tco sx a rlto hiswi ofn es'( c e 5 p. ,l h vo .. mpe n l e .e g gn n o ni r e u leains p t fe d r. Do k t 2, 8 4) Ex h ' 15 r s ns Ico l t ta i t srghtnott be s xual a e by aprs guar was ea o , ncude ha n nma e' i o e ly bus d ion d s fcinty wel- t bls d fom Se e r201 t ough Aprl2011s ast putW ilso ufi e l lesa ihe r pt mbe 0 hr i o o li n notc t the a tonsvi aed Cha a srght.Ac or ng y,de e nt 'moton f sl a y ie ha r c i ol t pm n' i s c di l f nda s i or lmm r j g n i d ne a t Ch p n' Eih hAme d n cam a an tW i i.Ho v r fr ud me t s e id s o a ma s g t n me t li g is l s we e , o l ra o ssae , ee da t' to t s mmayj d me t sga tda t panifscams e s n ttd d fn ns mo in br u r u g n i r ne s o litfX li unde PREA,VDOC Ope a i Pr e e and Vigi ac i na sa ut . r r tng oc dur s r ni rmi l tt es C. Cl m s2 a 3 ai nd Cha a a lgesi cai s2 a 3t tde e nt Pe e sa La pm n le n l m nd ha f nda s t r nd whor t dhi he c d n ol m oul nott l t W ils orhewoul be plce i s r ton,i vi a i ofCha a srght t fe ak o li, d a d n eg egai n olton pm n' i s o r e s e h a d pr es unde t Fis a Fo ten h Am e e s pe c nd ue oc s r he r t nd ure t ndm nt .Cha a sa e t r wa pm n tt s he e s ' od ep o e sa fr e (i i (e e d n sjc ligef c o h sFis Ame d n (ih s. t u r c s fod d hmj n d f n a t' hi n fe t n i rt n me t rg tj' n l ' The Fis Am e rt ndm e pr dest tGco r s s lm a no l w ...a i ng t f e dom of nt ovi ha t ng e s hal ke a brdgi he r e s c 'U . Cons.mne 1 if eFis Ame pee h. S. ' t nd. . t' r t -h ndme rghtt fe s c i l nt i o r e pee h ncudesnotonl t y he a fnnai rghtt s a buta s t rghtt befeefom r t iton by apublc ofk ilf t fi tve i o pe k, lo he i o r r e ala i i t a or he e r s oft trg .' r Com .ndus v.M c a 202F. 6 685(t Ci. ) xecie ha iht'Suaez l . Grw, 3d 76, 4h r 2000 . Alhough i r r t d,aprs rsilt e anst eFis Am e e rg st ta enot t nca ce a e ione tl t t i hos rt r ndm nt i ht ha r ic nsse t t h ssa a ap io e o wihtelgt t p n l gc l b e tv so te n o itn wi i tms s rs n r r t h e ii e e o o ia o j ci e f h h ma c re to ss tm. Pel Pr c nir 41 U. 8 2( 9 4 .n ts c nsi to a rg t mus o rcin yse ' lv. o u e , 7 S. 2 1 7 ) l mae ' o tt i n l ih s t ' u bee ua e wihi t contxtoft i i a c a i a t Supr me Cour hasl ng c utone val t d t n he e her nc r er ton, nd he e t o a i d t tÃ» oursa ei1e ppe t de lwih t i r a i y tr ntpr e ofprs ha t t r l qui d o a t he nc e sngl lge obl ms c ion a mi itain. Pr cmirv. a t z 41 U. 3 6, 0 ( 9 4 .A p io r g ain d nsrto ' o t e M ri , 6 S. 9 4 5 1 7 ) rs n e ulto ' ne i pi ng on an i at consiutonalr ghtt f speech i vald i i i r onabl r at t m ngi nm es' tt i i o ree s i f t s eas y el ed o lgtmaepe oogc litrss Tu n r S fe 48 U.. 8 8 ( 9 7 ' e as Thon t c e ii t n l ia n ee t. r e v. alv, 2 S 7 , 9 1 8 ) S e lo r b l h , r 16 v Ab t 4 0U. 401 41 ( 9 9 ( rs ns cliyi algtmaeg v m me tl r s . bot 9 S. , 5 1 8 ) p io e t t s e ii t o e n a pupo e r t e rlt a1ot rc rctonsgoas'.Fa tr r e i detnmi ngr a ona e s ofa s nta o 1 he ore i c l' co s elvantn e ni e s blne s ) rgul i i l ( )t c ci bet e t r ultona algii t,ne r l e aton ncude 1 he onne ton we n he eg ai nd e tmae uta g v r me t u s , 2 t ee itn eo atr aieme nso e ecsn t erg t( )t ei c o en n p po e ( ) h x se c f len tv a f x rii g h ih, 3 h mpa t a c mmo aino t erg two l h v o g ad , t e imae , n p io r s t c s a d( ) c o d to f h ih u d a e n u r s oh r n ts a d rs n e ol e , n 4 r t a e eofr dy at r tve t t r gulto 1 a 8 91. n we g ng t s f c or , he he bs nc ea le nai s o he e a i n. d. t 9- l i hi he e a t s t c tmus E e pe tt dee mi i ofprs ofk i s' Unie St t v.St t,9 F. 83, our t l s c he tr natons r ion t al.' t d aes ots 25 2d 8 (t Ci. 9 1 . p io e c rist eb r e o p o fu d rt Tt ne a ay i t ds r v 6 4 h r 1 9 ) The rs n r are h u d n f r o n e he l r n l ss o ip o e r t valdiy oft prs n r gulton atis Ove tn v.Baz ta 539 U. 1 1 S.Ct 21 he i t he i o e a i s ue. ro ze t, S. 26, 23 . 62, 1 6L. 2 1 2 (0 3 . 5 Ed. d 6 2 0 ) Acc di t de e or ng o f ndan s Cha a wa o de e nott t l t W ilsbe us s wa no t , pm n s r r d o ak o li ca e he s l rhi c onge s ouns ora any c el nd onve s ton ori e ac i n w oul ha bee non- of s onala rai nt r to d ve n pr es i nd c tt e fa e ni ton,whih waspr bie by t VDOC ope ai pr ed e VDOC has onsiut d r t r za i c ohi td he r tng oc ur . i e t d t s ope atngpr dtr t ma n a n asrcl pr es i na r ltons p be wee mpl men e he e r i oce les o i t i tity of so l ea i hi t n e oye a i t sa e tr t s urt and i e iy oft co r c i s t . mpl es nd nma e nd nsle he ec iy nt grt he r e tonal ysem Furhe mor i t pe ogi a i e e tofs c iy, t r a La t r e, n he nol c l nt r s e urt Pe e s nd whor we eat mptng t ke p n r te i o e W ilsa Cha n s pa aedun i t i s oft i s xua a r ntcr ltons p wasf ly li nd pma e r t tl he s ue he r e l nd oma i ea i hi ul i si a e nve tg t d. As pr vi usy r ogni e pr s n s e y a s urt a e l gii at ne t algove n e al e o l ec z d, i o af t nd ec iy r e tm e, u r r m nt pur es Se Thom bum h,490 U. a 41 pos . e S. t 5.Cha n doesno sa ewhy hene d t s k pma t tt ede o pea wih W ils e e t ts washi co ms orf ove eghtye r .Ho t li , xc pt ha he s t el or r i a s weve , ha be n r he d e ass gned a di er counsel w ih whom he coul have m etregar ng any couns i needs i ff ent or t d di elng dzi t pe i a is Ac or ngl 1fnd t tCha n ha no me hi bur n t rt lrng he rod t s ue. c di y, i ha pma s t t s de mde he 17 Tt e a l i t dipr t valdiy ofPe e s a Lawhor si tuci n t thenots ak ml r nayss o s ove he i t t r ' nd n' nsr to ha pe wihW ii.Th rf r , wi g a t e e d n s moin frs mmayj dg n a t t scam. t l s eeo e I l r n d fn a t' to o u r u me t s o hi li l l I .(lins6( a 7() ) zar c) nd c l cams6 c a d7 c, a nalg sd fn nsLin n a dJ n i s n li () n () Ch pma l e ee da t n me n e nng e ta f re Cha a fom Augusat Powha a i vi a i ofhi duepr s rgh sa i r ns e r d pm n r t o t n n olton s oce s i t nd n r t iton f e r ii hi Fis Am e e rght.Cha a al gest tPowhaan i a eala i or xe csng s rt ndm nt i s pm n le ha t s S ry, it si ng,r h a r ti ese s we 'wih c nmpe cel , ho wae , o n Ã» t flhy, tnki oac nd a nf t d e r' t r di d ls no t tr br ke wi ws a r mpa dr us l c ndo , nd a nt ug e. n ompa ion,Cha a a l est the wa ho ed i a rs pm n leg ha s us n i itnesngl cel' tAugusa. t si i e l'a pr t tn o d rt p e i o . . p o e u a . . u p o e scam,lni mae mus trt t r e o rval n . a r c d rl . d e r c s li a n t) t is l d mo srt ta Eewa )d prv do Gie lb ry o p o ry' g v r me tl cin. e n tae h t h s e ie f lf ,ie t, r rpe t by o e n na a to ' ' Be aiv.Smih,1 F. 500,502(t Ci.1 ) Ani t ha noc tt i lrghtt be vert t 20 3d 4h r 997 . nmae s onsiutona i o hous d i a pa tc a prs andprs ofi i l ha br d dic ei t de e mi t e n ny riul r ion, ion fc a s ve oa s r ton o t r ne he fclya whiha imaei h us d Sa dnv. n r 51 U. 4 2, 4( 9 )( ligta a ii t c n n t s o e . n i Co ne, 5 S. 7 48 1 95 hodn h t t pr t c e lbe t it r ssa e g ne a l lmie t fe dom fo r tai whi h i o e t d i ry n e e t r e r ly i t d o r e r m esr nt c mpos saypi l e t ca a dsg t n h r s i o imaei r lto t o dnayicd n so p io l e ; e c u v. n ini t a d hp n n t n eain o r i r n ie t f rs n i l M a h m ka f F no 4 U. 21 , 2 ( 9 6 ( od n ta av l c n ito t mp we g)t S aet c ni e a , 27 S. 5 2 4 1 7 ) h li g h t ai o vcin t o rs he tt o o fn d e (nimae i a yo isp io ' M o t v Ha me, 27U. . 3 , 4 ( 9 6 ( o dn ta a n tj n n f t rs ns); nwwe . y s 4 S 2 6 2 2 1 7 ) h li g h t a m e e t a f rf om one f iiy t a he doe no i plc t t D ue Pr e s Cl us , r r ns e r ac lt o not r s t m i a e he oc s a e r ga dl s ofwhehert ta f ri t r ul oft i t smibeha o ori pt tvei e r es t he r nse s he es t he nma e' s vi r s mii n n tle ; u s e W i i s nv. si 5 5U. 2 9( 0 5 ( o dn ta , e pt g nea r l t t at ) b t e , l n o Au t 4 S. 0 2 0 ) h l ig h t d s ie e rl ue ha r k n, an i em ri t ans erdoesnoti plcat t D ue Pr nt son r f m i e he ocessCl ause,tans t a s caled r fer o o- l 18 Ssuper x'f iiy atwhih prs rwoul e inc e e i ly mor one ousc tons t ma ' aclt c ione d xpere e xc ptona l e r ondii di i i t t DuePr es Clus . d mplcae he oc s a e) I m uc a Cha a w a nothel i and ha notbee ta f r e t a C nas h s pm n s dn s n r ns e r d o t supe m ax' r ' f clt andhedoesnotha a lbe t i e es i beng i a ce a e i a pa tc a f ciiy,I a iiy, ve i ry nt r t n i nc r r t d n ny riul r a lt tndt theha notsa e a duepr s cli .1 Ther f e,Ig a tdef nda s m oton f r i ha s tt d oce s am 0 rn e nt ' i o e or s mmayj d me t st cams6 c a d7 c . u r u g n a o li () n () 11 Concl i 1. uson W ils alege a tons m a ng s xualc me saong wih onei t e ofr ng li' l d c i , ki e om nt l t nsanc ubbi Cha a spe sa f i t nce of plci hi ha on he br a t a orbutoc ,a enot pm n' ni nd our nsa s a ng s nds r e s s nd/ t ks r s e de by qua i i m t iy. Thes ac i ar s fc e l s r ous f pur e oft Ei h hi l d lfed m m t e tons e uf i i nty e i or pos s he ght Ame m e ,a W ilsacedwih a s t inty c pa esa eofmi Fort r s nssa e nd nt nd li t t ufk e l ul bl t t nd. he ea o tt d i t i me rn u o i in, d n d fn a t'mo inf rs n hs mo a d m p no I e y ee d n s to o umma yj d me ta t plitf s r u g n s o an if Ei t Am e e cli agans W ils Ho ver Ig a de e nt 'm oton f s ma y gh h ndm nt a m i t li. we , r nt f nda s i or um r j g n a t plitf sohe cams ud me t s o anif t r li . TheClr i die t d t s c e oft sme or ndt n o ni n a a compa ng e k s r c e o end opi s hi m a u pi o nd c nyi or rt t pa tes de o he ri . EN TER :t hi da ofM a 201 y y, 3. N Se ni Unie Stt Diti tJ t d aes src udge 1 M or ove ,to st t a cl i t hehasapr t t lbe t i e e tr lt t l t r a i sr i c i m ent 0 e r oeced i ry ntr s eaed o ong-em dm nitatve onfne a e a m hat , a imaemu tt s algefcsd mo srt gt t o dto t whc h i s be tnta c nf me tsau n n t s i t l at e n tai ha c n iins o ih e s u jc i h t o i n tts r e n ne co tt e a 'a ypi ala sgnik a ha ds p on t i a e i r a i n t t or nar i i nt ofpr s lf ' ns iut n Ã§ t c nd i t nt r hi he nm t n el to o he di y nc de s ion ie. ' S n i v. n e, 1 U. 47 48 1 5S Ct2 9 12L. 2 41 ( 9 5.Ch p nh sn tso ta hi a dn Co n r 5 5 S. 2, 4, 1 . . 2 3, 3 Ed. d 8 1 9 ) a ma a o h wn h t s ta f rfom Augusat Po tn i r ns e r t o whaa mpos d c tonsofc i m e whih consiutd a aypialorsgni ca e ondii ontne nt c tt e n t c i t nt i ha ds p. r hi 19

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