Three Rivers Landing of Gulfport, LP et al v. Three Rivers Landing, LLC et al, No. 7:2011cv00025 - Document 85 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 10/2/13. (med)

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I T H E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI T C O UR T C FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STR I T O F V I G I I C R N A RO AN O K E DI SI N VI O TH R EE W V ER S LAN DI G O F N G U LFPO R T I ,and ŠApoltoT cr ol F J -, kx ' tNor X3 LI I M TED PA R TNER SH IP ) ) ) ) rlpwrs OFFI u., Dl coUr -CE s sT. ATROANOKE, VA FI LED 0CT 2 2 2 1 23 J UL BK D P .CLE CL K ER C as N o.7: c 00025 e 11- v- Pl i i f . a nt f s M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O V. TH R EE R I ER S LA N DI G ,LLC , V N H G D EV ELO PE R,I C . N , UN LIM ITED C ON STR UC TIO N ,I C. N , M A R K D . I SER , K N and HORI ZON M ANAGEM ENT I , NC. Dee fndant. s ) ) ) By:H o Jam e C .Tur n. s k Se orU ni e St e D i t i tJudge ni t d at s s r c ) Pendi bef e t Cour i Pli if ' M o i f r Sum ma y J m e ,ECF N o.66, ng or he t s antfs ton o r udg nt whih s e s mmay j g n a t Co ns 1 l, I a d X o P an if' Co li t c e ks u r ud me t s o u t , 1 X, n f litfs mpan . Def nda s f l d a br e i opposton,ECF N o.75,Pl ntf s fl a r pl ECF N o.79sa t e nt ie if n ii ai i f ied e y, nd he Cour he r o a a gum e on t m o i n on Se e ber 26, 201 m aki t m oto rpe f t ad r l r nt he t o pt m 3, ng he i n i or dipost o For t r ons s t f t be ow ,t M o i f Sum m a y J s ii n. he eas e orh l he ton or r udgm e i G R AN TED nt s I PART and DENI I PART.I i GR ANTED a t la lt a DENI ast t N ED N ts s o i biiy nd ED o he a ountofda age s ht m m s oug . FA CTU A L BA CK G R O U ND A. G e alB ac ound ner kgr Thi c e i es e ily a c s as s s nta l omm e c a diput bewe n a Pa t r hi a s ve alofis ril s e t e rne s p nd e r t pm ne sor f m e pa t r ,i whih t Pl i if brng va i cli s f br ac ofco r c , r or r rne s n c he antfs i rous am or e h nta t a c i i m niy,a t t s asc c ountng, nde t nd ors uch onve so fa a ne i ntmir pr s t ton.Se r i n, r ud, nd glge se e en a i e ECF No.1 Compli .Pli ifThreRi r Landi ofGulpor L. (çhePa t rhi ' was , ant antf e ves ng f q P. t t rnes p' ) f r e t de l c t c ,own,m ant i a ope a e a 1 t ta rme c o m d o veop, onsm t i an, nd r t 70-mi pa t nt ompl x l a e e oc t d i Gulpor,M issi .Ans r! 1 Be a e a pori oft a rme swee sta i f n f t sisppi we 5. c us ton he pa t nt r e sde or r nt t l -nc e i vi l a f m ii s t Apa t e Com pl q lf e f ce t n e al o ow i om ndi dua s nd a le , he rm nt ex ua ii d or rai f r t x c e t .1 ede al a r dis d. l t Co nsf rwhc sl r j d me ti s u h ,Plitfsalg t a Dee d n n he u t o ih l mmay u g n s o g t anif le e h t fn a t M a k D.Ki e ,a t o he De e nt,a 1of whi h a e e ii s owne or con r l d by r ns r nd he t r f nda s 1 c r ntte d tole Ki e ,S a ul a t i e t wihdr wa of a las $2. m ilon fom Pli tf Thr ns r l wf ly u horz d he t a l unl t e t 7 li r a n if ee Ri r La dn o Gu f o t L. (h t rnes pl. 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I Pl i if Apolo Ta Cr di Fund- 3 Li ie Pa t r hi l nw d of t wihdr w a and a ntf l x e t x m t d rne s p ea he t a l dema nded t tKi e a orhi c ha ns r nd/ s ompanis r t n t fmds butDe e nt di no r t n t e eur he t , f nda s d t eur he f nds a t t r wa a s tal t t c d ha pr ve e a c osng on t pe m a nt u nd hus he e s horf l ha oul ve e nt d l i he r ne fna ng. To a d l i pe m a nt tna i t e or t Li t d Pa t r l ne t i nci voi osng r ne i nc ng, her f e, he mie rne oa d he Pa t rhi $1. milon t pa of t co tuci l n a cos t pe m a ntl n. rne s p 67 li o y f he nsr ton oa nd l e he r ne oa I t er s mma y j d me t mo in P an if s e j d me t i ter f v r o t e n h i u r u g n to , litfs e k u g n n h i a o n h f l i f count and cl m s: olow ng our s ai l 'Pl i if rpr s n ta i t e a eg a t ds mmayj me on t i c nt,t y wils e a antfs e e e t h t f h y r r n e u r udg nt her ou s he l e k vol ar dim is oft r ni count i t Com pl nt ECF N o.67 at1n. unt y s s al he emai ng s n he ai . 1. 2 OnCo n 1 acam frc n e so t e s e j g n i fvo o Pli tf Th e Rie s u t , li o o v rin,h y e k ud me t n a r f anif re v r La ng of Gulpor LP, a a i t De e nt Thr Ri r La ng, LLC, Unlmie ndi f q nd ga ns f nda s ee ve s ndi i td Co sr cin I c, ndM akD. nsrj itya d sv r l i tea u to $ ,6 ,8 ; n tu to , n .a r Ki e ,on l n e e al n h mo n f 27 64 7 y, On Co ntl, acam f rab e c o t Pa t rhp Ag e me t t y s e j g n i u I li o r a h f he rnes i r e n ,he e k ud me t n f vor of Pli tf Thr e Ri r La ng of Gulpor,LP,a a i t De e ntThr e Ri r a a n if e ve s ndi f t nd ga ns f nda e ve s La ng,LLC,i t n o of$1880, ndi n he m unt , 043; On Co n l acam frab e c o t eAfiit Gu r ny t e s e j d me ti fv r u t X, li o ra h f h fl e a a t, h y e k u g n n a o a ofPl ntf Apolo Ta Cr tFund- Li t d Pa t r hi a a ns a1de e nt e e ai if l x edi x3 mie rne s p, nd gai t 1 f nda s xc pt Ho io M a a e n, n .j itya ds v r ly i ten t o $18 00 3 a d rz n n g me t I c,on l n e e al ,n h momt f ,8 ,4 ; n On Count X,a cli f l mniy purua t t t Pa t r hi Agr e e ,t y s k am or nde t s n o he rne s p e m nt he ee j d me t i fv ro Pli tf Apol Ta Cr dt Fmd x3 Li td Pa te s i a d a an t u g n n a o f anif lo x e i t mie rn rhp, n g is De e ntThr e Ri r La ng,LLC,i t a o of $ 84, f nda e ve s ndi n he m unt 543. The as s k a a r ofa t ne 'f esand c t a t e h c . y lo ee n wa d tor ys e oss s o ac ount B. The Partes and R el ed Enttes i at ii At t tm e t Compl i wa fld,Pli if Appolo Ta Cr di Ft x3 Li t d he i he ant s ie antf l x e t mdmie Parne s p wa t lmiedpat roft Pa t rhi (swmie Pa t rl.The Ge r lPa t r t rhi s he i t rne he rnes p t i td rne ' l nea rne a t tme t Com pli t wa fld wa RBC Th ee Ri r ,LLC,who i nota pa t t t s t he i he an s ie s r ve s s ry o hi lws i. No 3 An we ! 1 ,1 .De e d n Th e Ri r La dn ,LLC wa tef r r a ut ECF . 4, s r ! 1 3 fn a t re ves n ig s h o me ge rlpat rand ma geroft Pa t rhi (ç r rGe r Pa t r' fom t tmet nea rne na he rnes p s me neal rne' r he i he Fo ) Pa t r hi wa f r e untlJ nua y 1 2011 whe i was r plce b RBC Thr e Ri r , rne s p s o m d i a r 9, , n t e a d y e ve s LLC.J Fr Aug t1 2007,a a alr lva tmes ApoloHousngM a ge l,I wa Z om us 5, nd t 1 ee nt i , l i na r 1 nc. s t s ca lmiedparne ofPa t rhi (t i Li tdPat r'. he pe il i t tr rnes p d specal mie rne ' ) Def nda s co por t sr t e a ow ne s p a e a f l s e nt ' r a e t uc ur nd r hi r s olow : * The For e Gene alPa t r i a lm ie la lt c m r r rne s i t d ibiiy ompany i r c l c r l d by ndie ty ontole Kis r tr ug Un i td Co snzto (t lmie ' ,whc o s 7 % o t e n e h o h lmie n t cin t i td' ih wn 9 f h un ) Fo rGe rlPa t ra i iss ema gi me r Ans r! 4, 7; nne nea rne nd s t ol na ng mbe, we ! 6- * Dee d n Un i td Co sr cin (ç lmie ' s r e a t g nea c n tu t n fn a t lmie n tu to ç i td' e v d s he e rl o sr ci un ) o co r c orf t Apa t e Complx,a Ki e i t CEO and 1 nta t or he rm nt e nd ns r s he 00% sockhol r t de ofUnlmie Ans r! 6i td. we ! 7. * Defnda HG De ope ,l (l De l ' sr d a t De ope oft e nt vel r nc. çhe veoper' e ve s he vel r he t ) Apa t rmentCompl x.Ki e wa t CEO a 1 e ns r s he nd 00% soc de oft De l pe . t khol r he ve o r An we ! 5 7; s r!, @ Dee tHorzonM a me I (tl i ' sr edast pr pet ma rf fndan i nage nt nc. d orzon' e v l ) he o ry nage or t Apa t e Compl x,untli wasr plce i Nove he rm nt e i t e a d n mber201 Ki e i t 1 0. ns r s he 00% so k o d ro Hoio An we ! 8 t c h l e f rz n. s r . Spe ii Fac ualA lega i cfc t l t ons Pli if i t sc e ha s tf t a de a ld a lngt sa e antf s n hi as ve e orh t ie nd e hy tt mentofundiput d f c s s e a t, whi h t c hey ha ve s uppore w ih doc e a y evi nce de ii e r s va i us td t um nt r de , pos ton xce pt , r o de a a i ,a a e r r por fom a i vi lwho ha e m i r lva bn a oun clr tons nd n xpe t e t r n ndi dua s xa ned ee nt nk cc t s a em e s a ot rtna i doc e sa ha opi a t w ha fm ds we e t ke whe t y t t nt nd he i nc al um nt nd s ned s o tt r a n, n he we et ke a whe e t y we e s nt Se ECF No.71a 4- 8.Rahe t ofe i a s ii r a n, nd r he r e . e t 1 t r han f rng ny pecfc c e -t t nt of f c s or co e tng t va i t of any of t s ii f c s ofer d, ountr saeme at nt si he ldiy he pecfc a t f e Def nda s r l on f br d f t lt m e t tt y c e c e t diput of f t Thos e nt e y our oa acua he s ha he ont nd r a e s es ac . e f urt m e a t rl lsg fca e a edic s d be ow. o he s nd hei ega i nii nc r s us e l Bea i i m i t t t t i da e i t s c e i qui kl a oa hi t Cour rng n nd ha he ral t n hi as s c y ppr c ng, he t c ude t tnet rt pari snora r viwi cour wilbe ade by t Co tr ttng t oncl s ha ihe he te ny e e ng t l i d he ur esa i he 4 f c s a pr s nt by Pl i if i gr a deai.Ac or ngl xc pt t t e e dic s d a t s e e ed antfs n e t t l c di y,e e o he xt nt s us e ot wi ei t sOpi o t Cour i por t by r e e t saeme off c ss tf t by her s n hi ni n, he t ncor aes ef r nce he t t nt a t e orh Pli if,ECF No.71 a 4- ,a as umest r de ' f m iirt wih t e f c s Asi mus , a ntfs t 18 nd s he ea rs n la iy t hos a t . t t t Cour c tue a l r a ona e i e e s t be dr wn fom t e f c s i f vor of he t onsr s l e s bl nf r nce o a r hos a t n a Dee da t,b tc n ld s a ds u s d b lw,t a Plitfs ae e tte t j g n a t fn ns u o cu e , s ic se eo h t anif r n ild o ud me t s o la lt i biiy. l. I D I U SSI N SC O A . LegalStandards S l r j dg n i pr p rwh r th r i n g n n is ea t a ymaeilfc a d lmma y u me t s o e ee l ee s o e uie su s o n tra a t n t temo a ti e tte t j d me ta amatro lw. F d. Ci . 5 () A g n n is eo h v n s n i d o u g n s te f a ' e R. v P. 6a . e uie su f l ' ma e i f t e ss when a r tonaltir of f t co i rng t e de e i t r c d a a t ral ac xit ai re ac , nsde i he vi nc n he e or s whol ,c d fnd i f vor of t none oul i n a he movi pa t Riciv.Dest a 557 U. 557,586 ng ry. c ef no, S. ( 0 9 .t u r j d me t i a p o rae o l i tkng t e e ie c a d al ra o a l 2 0 ) ç mmay u g n s p r p it ny f a i h vd n e n 1 e s n b e s i e e esdr wn t r f o i t lgh mos f vor bl t t nonmovi pa t t m ae ilf c s nf r nc a he e r m n he i t t a a e o he ng ry, no tra a t aeds ue a d temo n p ryi e tte t j dg n a ama tro 1w.' n vv. r el r ip t d n h vig a t s n i d o u me t s te f a ' He r Pu n l, l ' 6 2 F.d 5 4,5 (t Ci.2 11 (n b n )( u tn Au hema v.Ba k o Am.Co p,3 2 5 3 2 31 4h r 0 ) e a c q oi g s r n n f r. 5 F.d 8 6 8 9(t Ci. 0 3 ) P td fee ty s mma yj d me ts o l b e trdi t eCo r 3 9 , 9 4h r 2 0 ). u ifrn l, u r u g n h ud e ne e f h u t fnds a t a r vi w oft r co d a a w hol t tno r as bl f t fnde c d r t n a ve di t i , fer e e he e r s e, ha e ona e ac - i r oul e ur r c f r t non- ovi pary.Se Eva v.Te hs A pplca i & Ser Co. 80 F. 954,958o he m ng t e ns c . i tons v. , 3d 59 (t Ci. 9 6 . 4h r 1 9 ) B . Choi ofLaw ce A tt out et t Cour not t t pr he s , he t es hat he operl t be appled t t cl m s ati ue i not aw o i o he ai ss s e tr y clar Thz oft f urcai sa i s ar bas on wrte agr e e s Count 1 and X n iel e . ee he o l m t s ue e ed itn e m nt. s1 aeprmie ont Pa t rhi Agreme (ec cal tte t Se r e s d he rnes p e nt t hni ly ild he condAme ndeda Resaed nd tt Agre ntofLi td Pat rhi daed J nuay 29,2008) whih s cfc l saest ti e me mie rnes p, t a r , c pe ilaly tt ha t Ss l be c tu a e or ed i a or nc wih t lwsoft St t ofFor ai 'a t ûha l onsr ed nd nf c n cc da e t he a he a e m ton, nd he ' ûst t ofFor ton' i de i d i t Agr me ast Stt ofM i ss i . ç ae ma i ' s fne n he ee nt he a e s isppi ECF No.68 a 1 , t 71 Ag e me ta 98 S cin 1 .2;i . t9 ,Ag e me ta 2 ( ei ig t tt ofF r t n' A re n t , e to 60 d a 3 re n t 0 d fnn t ae o mai ). s o numbe oft e bist t Pa t rhi Agr e e ,mor ve ,i l ng t Afiit Guar n y r he xhi t o he rne s p e m nt eo r ncudi he fla e at on whih CountI i bas e e sy sa e t t M i ss i l w gove ns t a ia i a c X s ed, xpr s l tt ha s i sppi a r he pplc ton nd itr rtto o tos a re n s ECFNo. a 201( flaeGu rn ya D- , 2 ) s eas n ep eai n f h e g e me t. 68 t Afiit aa t t 7 ! 0 ; e lo. e. ,i a 18 ( vel ntAgre nta A- Se ton6,sai M issi 1w a is;i a c. d. t 4 De opme e me t 8, ci ttng sisppi a pple l d. t 1 3(n e tv M a a e n Fe Ag e me t tB- , 1 ,saigM issipia a pl s. 9 l c n ie n g me t e r e n a 4 ! 0 ttn sisp 1w p i ) e I t i bre i on t pro moton t dimis a1 pa tesappe r d t a eet tVigi a n her i fng he i r i o s s , 1 ri a e o gr ha r ni lw a i d t t cli a is he e.Se e. ,ECF N os 1 18.Si ia l i t i moton f a pple o he a ms t s ue r e. g. . 7, m l ry, n her i or s mma yj d me t Plitfsct rp ae l t Vign alw i s p o t ft i cams ato g u r u g n , an if i e e tdy o r ii a n u p r o her li , l u h e h t y a s r e t M i s s i l w . Se ECF N O . 6 l t r oppos ton, D e e nt do not he l o ef r o s i sppi a e 7. n hei ii f nda s diput t a ia lt ofVigi a1 w a t a oft f cl m sa is nordo t y poi t s e he pplc biiy r ni a s o ny he our ai t s ue, he nt o a dif r nc be we n Vigi a lw a M iss i 1w t twoul ma a difr nc ast t ny fe e e t e r ni a nd s isppi a ha d ke fe e e o he p o e r s lto o te s mma yj g n moi n Ac o dn l t Co r wi a py Vigni r p r e ou in f h u r ud me t to . c r igy,he u t l p l r i a l l w he ei , butno est tt s a r n t ha he mner ul woul obt i unde M iss i lw. es t d an r s isppi a 2 2 U nder Vigi a choi of l prnci es applca e her puruant t Kl r ni ce aw i pl , i bl e s o axon Co.v.St or ent Elc. f Co.31 U. 48 496( 941, o tcams s c a t c nv r in c un,a eE nay e u e e M g. , 3 S. 7, 1 ) t r li , u h s he o e so o t r s lz d nd r a t l of t pl of t wr ' W at sde Ca t Cop .v. Hal sBr or & A le LLP,N o. he aw he ace he ong. ' er i pial es adf d ln. 2: CV7 ,2 W L 2 46 ,a * 5 ( D.Va. 05 27 007 25 61 t 4- E. Aug.3,20 )(ii J esv.R. J n & Asoc. 07 ctng on S. o es s . l .431S. 2d 33 34 ( l 93 afd,31 F. x26 ( t Ci.2 9) tl pa eoft w' ng i nc, E. , Va. 9 :, f ' 9 App' 3 4 h r 00 .ç- lc he r s -he o defned ast pl whe e t l teventnec s y t make a act labl f an aleged t tt i he ace r he as es ar o n or i e or l or akespl ace, even i t a orhasno contolovert l i oft l tevent' W a e si 2007 W L 2254661,at*4f he ct r he ocaton he as .' t r de, 5 ( iig Ouiln v.ltlPlge I . 78 F. 1 41 1 44( t Ci.1 6 Nopa t ha i ntfe whee ctn l e n ' a x. nc, 9 2d 0 , 0 4 h r 98 :. ry s de iid r t l tevent ne ar t m ake def he as cess y o endant labl f conve si occ r l a event as wih t s i e or r on ured. n ny , t he 6 C . A nal i A pplcabl t A I Cl i s ys s i e o I am The o y c esDe enda sct i t i wrte opposton brefa e ca es dic sng t nl as f nt ie n her itn ii i r s s us i he sa d r g v r ig s mmayj g n mo in . e d n tct asn l c s i t ermand r tn ads o e nn u r ud me t to s Th y o o ie ige a e n h e i e oft o he pposto a t a r nty do no c es t lga sanda dss tf t by Pl i if a ii n nd hus ppa e l t ont t he e l t r e orh antfs s t t es e ii camso whih P an if se s mmayj d me t Ac o dn l te Co r fn o h p cfc li n c litfs e k u r u g n . c r igy,h u t ids t esa r t beundiput a a i bl hos t nda ds o s ed nd pplca e. De e d n s o p sto a g s t ta g a to s mmay j d me ti Plitfs fv r fn a t' p o iin rue ha rn f u r u g n n anif' a o wo l b tn p r prae' ECF No 7 a 2,a d ta i wo l rp e e t a ç ae tu j s u d e d a p o it, i ' . 5 t n h t t u d e r sn d tn n u t p e chm e ' of Pl i if ,i a 11 Def nda se e sy no e t tKi e i notdiputng t the mi nt' a ntf s d. t . e nt xpr s l t ha ns r s s i ha tre iisheconr s r evedt f ndsi q si ECFNo.75a 2.I ta t yc ett o ntte tol) ec i he u n ueton. t nse d,he onts he S tra f cs p e e ig te wih rwa o t e ll n , i ,a d ag e t tte e ae c ran ç eil a t rc dn h t d a l f h fu ds' i. n r u ha h r r eti ma ' c ne td fcsr g r ig t s p e e ig e e t t a p e ld s mmayj d me t S e i ly o tse a t e adn he e rc dn v ns h t r cu e u r u g n . p ct l , ka t y i ntf f ove a c ng f ct di put . he de iy our r r hi a ual s es F rt t e cam t a h r wee d nfr s e fiu e i te ln i make g t is, h y li h tt ee r t o e e n alr s n h e dng r t t ) u ha d ti n al a fce e ey a p c o t e Th e Riesprj c. ECF No 75 a 3 6.S c n , erme tly fe td v r s e t f h r e v r oe t' ' . t - eo d t e a g t a Plitfswoke a an tte b s itr ss o t e p oe ti ta o wih M r h y r ue h t an if r d g i s h e t ne et f h rj c nse d f t . 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E. Va. ) sai ha r n ryi ontac s r 3 The Cour doesnoti er ett sa gum e by Def t nt pr hi r nt endant asone t cha s hat nged cicums a r t ncess o a fce t eprj c a t ma epef r nc i sbl.S e eg, r Co.o Boso l . W ol Trp fe td h o e t s o k ro ma e mposi e e . ..Opea f tn. nc v. f a Fou a i f t ePe f r ngArs 81 F. 1 4,1 0 ( t Ci.1 )( ic sngt ee e nso t nd ton or h ro mi t, 7 2d 09 l 2 4h r 987 ds us i h lme t f he dee eo i a tc biiy ;s eas El r ryofW e rCiv LLC v. vi Cts- ouhe s.I .- F. f ns f mprcia l ) e lo deber t be t . Li ng r.s t a t nc, Sup 2 , 3W L 38 01( . Va. ul 2 2 3 ( ic sn s mea d n tngt a ç ro ma e p. d 201 305 W D. J y 4, 01 ) ds us ig a n o i h t ç f r nc pe ma bei rcia l b c uee te a u e o bedifc t,e e e ij r,orl st on o te y mpa tc be e a s xrme nd nrasna l fiuly xp ns,nuy os o e f h p riswil ivove l'( uta% r c ng i t ed greofdif t o e pe s 'do sno a n t a te lbe n l dl' bl mee ha e n h e e fkul r x n e e t mou t o y i a tc blt ' ( iains o te .He e i fc, Kis r tsiid t t d pie al o te ma ke mpr cia iiy') ctto mitd) r , n a t n e e tfe ha es t 1 f h r t ' difc te ,teprj c wa c mpltd d n tmea d onbu e . Ki e De a 7 Thu ,t Cou t e fiulis h oe t s o ee ç i n o dg t' ns r p. t 0. s he r do s ' notconsr Def tue endant a gum e t beone ofi ac i biiy. s' r nt o mpr tca lt 8 t Stt e ofFr uds a modii a i oft c r c mus lke s be i wrtng a sgne by he a ut a , ny tc ton he onta t t i wie n ii nd i d t pa t t bec r d orhi a nt. s i tueunde M issi lw,aswel Se M is he ry o hage s ge ) The ame s r r sisppi a l. e s . CodeAr j 1 3- ( (tt eoffa a i t a ag e me t tc nnotbepef me i m. 5- 1d) saut ruds pples o ny r e nt ha a ror d n ls ta ffe n mo t ) Ca iao v M o i Co 'sCo p o Am. 6 5 S 2 2 ,29 3 e s h n ite nhs; nz r . bl mmcn r . f , 5 o. d 5 - 0 e ( is 1 tnymodiiai ofac rc wihi t saut offaudswoul as havet bei M s . 995) a fc ton onta t t n he tt e r d lo o n wrtngl butc .i (ttng t ta waie oft c rc,as oppos d t a modikai i ii ; f d. sai ha v r he onta t e o t ton, s p r te wi u awrtn ) emi d t t iig . t ho As a i d her ,t n,eve i t r a e dipu esof f c a t whe he t pa tesor ly pple e he n f he e r s t at s o t r he ri al modiid t i wrten a e nt ,a e n i a f c -i rco d fnd t tt r wass h a or l fe he r it gr eme s nd ve f a tfnde ul i ha he e uc n a mo fc to o t a re n ,two dn tb e f re beo bidn Rahe,us a i La & diiain f he g e me t i ul o e n o c a l r n ig. t r j t s n nd M ai Re ai l v.BASF Co pv 201 W L 2 5552,*4- ( D.Va.201 ,ill e rne mediton. nc. r, 2 41 5 E. 2) sabs nt tee itn eo a y e f re b emodt to t te( rgna Ag e me t) tet ip tdf cs h x se c f n n o c a l i ins o h o ii l re n s,h mds u e a t ka esabls t tE t ih ha LMR)fie t c ywih isc r cualo i tons.... I s t e n i t ald o ompl t t onta t blgai ' n hor, ve f he ' f c -i a tfnderc e t d Ki e ' cli st tt wrte a ee nt we e m odii or ly,t e or l r die ns rs am ha he itn gr me s r fed a l hos a m odik ai nsa e no lgaly bi ng. t to r t e l ndi Thus t y do notpr de agr , he ovi oundsf rde ng s ma y o nyi um r ' J me . udg nt Si ia l t e ale tons do no pr de a de e e t t c m lry, hos l gai t ovi f ns o he onve son c mt des t r i ot , pie c ouns l s ar u nt t t c r r a t he r ng.Spec t aly,D e enda s c e ' gt ne s o he ont a y t he a i ik l f nt ' ouns l a gue a e r d t t he rng t tKi e ' good-aih be ift the ha a hort fom M e or orot r t t ke he a i ha ns rs f t le ha d ut iy r nac e he s o a t f he unds cons iut s s t i n ç ii ton' t s nd t c tt e ufk e t t tga i ' o e he onve s on c a m t t i l W hie i m a m r i l i o ra . l t y e an why Ki er di wha he di i does not under ut t c xpl i ns d t d, t c he onve son cli be a e a ri am c us de e nts bei ft the ha a rg t t pr ry i no de e e t c f nda ' le ha d i ht o he ope t s f ns o onve son.Tha i ,Gone ri ts ç m a be hel la e i c y d i bl n onve son e n t r i ve hough he r as e onabl s y uppos t he ha a l lrghtt ed hat d ega i o 9 t pr ry i quesi ' M orset v.Unie St ç ,342 U. 246,270 n. 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Countl - C onversi on The t t of c or onve s o t ncom pa s s a w r ul e r i e o a s pton of rin s e s e ny ongf xe c s r s um i a t o i . . v ra ohe ' g o s d p ii hm o t erp se so (nd a y a to d miin u h rt . o e n t rs o d , e rvng i f h i o s sin; a ) n c f o n o y w r uly exe t d ove pr ry i deni oft owner sr g ,ori ongf l re r ope t n al he ' i ht ncons s e w ih i. PGI l it nt t t' ' . nc. v.RahePr . l . 576 S. 2d 438 443 ( 2003)(iai a i ena quotto maks t ods. nc, E. , Va. cttons nd ntr l ain r o t d .Th s c u th s itr rtd t e tr a rq iig b t () t o e s i o rg tt mie ) i o r a n ep ee h o t s e u rn oh i he wn rhp r ih o t posesi oft pr ry a t tme oft co ri a (i t wr ule rie of s son he ope t t he i he nve son nd i) he ongf xecs dom i on or c r by de enda ove t pli tf pr pe t t de i ng pl i if of ni ontol f nt r he a n ips o ry, hus prvi antf p se so 'W i imsv Re n l s 2 0 W L 31 9 ,a * ( . 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Count1 - Bre h oft Par ner hi A gr em e 1 ac he t s p e nt Un e Vigni lw,tthe ee n s o a b e c o c n rc a to ae ( ) a lg ly d r r i a a t l lme t f r a h f o ta t cin r 1 e al l e o c a eo iai ofadee ntt apli if ( t dee ntsvi ai orbr c oft t nfr e bl blg ton fnda o antf;2) he fnda ' olton ea h ha o lg to a d ()ij r o d ma et tepanifc u e b t eb e c o o iain. Fia v. b iain; n 3 n u y r a g o h litf a s d y h ra h f bl to ' lk g ' Ge g ,59 S. 2d 610,61 ( .2004) s e as Gui v.W ike s 963 So. 555,558 or e 4 E. 4 Va ; e lo nn l ron, 2d ( is CtApp.2007)(ameee nt underM issi lw) Cf Busne sComm,nc. Bnnks M s. . s lme s sisppi a ; .s i s l v. . 9 S 3 1 21 1 25 ( is 2 2 (lrf ig t tmo eay d ma e a e n tr q rd t b 0 o.d 2 , 2 M s . 01 ) caiyn ha n tr n g s r o e uie o e s hown a a eeme oft cai i Missi ) s n l nt he l m n sisppi. The Pa t r hi A g ee e t oblga ed t For e Gene a Pa t r t pa a l Exc s rne s p r m n i t he m r r l rne o y 1 es Deve o e Coss i l ng a f nds ne es a y t cos per ne fnan ng.Se ECF No. l pm nt t , nc udi ny u c s r o l e ma nt i ci e 68a 68,Ex.1 t Ki e De j 8.0( )i) Ki e a tedi hi de ii t tt swa t t 2 o nsr p. 1 a(i. ns r dmit n s poston ha hi s he 5The Cour f t not t tPl ntf ssat t tt beleve t De operw asac ualy entted t urher es ha ai if t e ha hey i he vel t l il t o y $ 0, 00 i de el e f e ,bu f r p m os so t i mo i n on y,a s t tt De l e wa o nl 40 0 n v op r e s t o u e f h s to l s ume ha he veop r s e tte t t ma mum a o tofde l e f e o $ 7, 0. n il d o he xi m un veop r e s f 67 66 ECF N o. 7 a 2 n. 0;s e a s ECF No. 6 t 0 1 e lo 7 Li Re or (ac ai a un sa d a s mi de lpe fe o d a ofDe e r3l 201 wa 2, oy p t c lultng mo t n su ng veo r e we s c mbe , 0 s $6 ,60 . n i t a a n wa du ,t tt l mo twihd a wa wela vet a a n . 776 ) Eve f h t mou t s e he o a a un t r wn s l bo h t mou t 12 For rGe a Pa t r so i a i a t ti f ie t m e tt toblgai Ki erDe 64me ner l rne ' blg ton nd ha t a ld o e ha i ton. ns p. 66, 85. antfsa s ha pr ded e de e s wi t tt tt Parne s p wa f c d t s e a Pl i if lo ve ovi vi nc ho ng ha ha he t r hi s or e o e k l n fo t Li ied Pa t r i t a oa r m he m t rne n he mountof $1671 3 1 a a s i un'd coss t t lng , , 29.9 nd l o nc e t o ai m or t n $2 000 t r m edit d e t i c nsr o a a hi Fi lCl i De e n s e ha 08, o e a e ef c s n o tudi n nd c eve na osng. f nda t do notpoi tt a s ik f c s t tdiput t s al tons Ac r ng t Pl i if ,t e n o ny pec t a t ha s e ht e lega i . co di o antfs hes a mount t t l$1880, 96 a r pr s tt Pa t r hi sda a asar s toft br a h. s o a , 043. nd e e en he rne s p' m ges e ul he e c Ot e t a s tig frht efu alg dj tt t nsds u s da vea b c g omd f r h r h n et o t h o r le e usi i ic se bo s a k r t o n ka o t i a tons De e nt do notc e tt ta br a h oc ured. or ngl t Cour c ude her c i , f nda s ont s ha e c c r Acc di y, he t oncl s t ts mmayj g n o ti Co n s o l beg a tda t la iiy ha u r ud me t n h s u t h u d rn e s o ib l . t CountI - Bre h oft Af ii t G uar y X ac he fla e ant Unde t Af i t Gua a y, f t be ft of t Li ie Pa t r t Gua a t s r he ilae r nt or he ne i he m t d rne , he r n or (n ld n Ki e p ro al)g aa te te o lg to so te Fo e Ge ea P rn rt te i cu i g nsr es n l u rn e d h b iain f h nn r n r l a te o h y Pa t r hi Thi i l d t o i a i t pa t Exc s De l pm e Coss a a1 ot r rne s p. s ncude he blg ton o y he es ve o nt t nd l he pa en oblga i ,s h a t e t t m a a i e f om t Cons nz ton Com pl i Gua a y. ym t i tons uc s hos ha y r s r he t ci eton r nt ECF No.6 a 1 5 Ex.1 t Ki s rDe ! 1 De pt d ma d n ih rteDe eo rn rt 8 t 9, 4 o n e p. . s ie e n , ete h v lpe o he Gua ant s c rbut d an f nds t r c osng pe mane fna i i b e c of t i r or onti e y u owa d l i r nt i nc ng n r a h he r oblga i unde t Afiit Gua an y.Pl i if alege t Li t d Pa t rwas dn a d i i tons r he tla e r t antfs l he mie rne m ge n t a ountof$1, 3 1 o ac ountofisl n t t Pa t r hi he m 671,29. 9, n c t oa o he rne s p. Agai o he t n t br de f cua diput dic s d a n, t r ha he oa r a t l s es s us e bove,Def nt do notpoi enda s nt t a s ci e de e t diput t al ga i t ts o ny pe fc vi nc o s e he le tons ha uppor t scai ast la lt Summa y t hi l m o i biiy. r j me ont sCounts ul begrntda t la lt udg nt hi ho d a e s o ibiiy. 4. CountX - l m ni y nde t 13 Thecl m f ri mniy i f l s ai o nde t s uly uppored byt f dss tf t a pag 1 t ough 1 of t he a e orh t es 6 hr 8 Pli if 's antfs uppori m e o a l ECF No.67 a 1 8 a De e nt do no r s tng m r ndlm, t 6-1 , nd f nda s t e pond a al t l orpoi t a f c st diput t a lga i s nt o ny a t o s e he le tons uppori t i m niy c am .Acc r ngl t tng he nde t l i o di y, he Co r c n ld s ta s mmay j dg n i a prp it i fv r o te Li td Pa t r a u t o cu t h t u r u me t s p o rae n a o f h mie rne, nd agans t For rGe r lPa t r I t a i t he me ne a rne . t hus ppea st tt a o tofda a s s hther , i r ha he m un m ge oug e n t a ountof $84, he m 543,i undiput d,butt Cour wila s al t si o a tilon t s s s e he t l lo low e tm ny t ra hi c a m t as era n t pr ra o tofda a . l i o c t i he ope m un m ges E. D am ages Al o h t Co r h sc n l e t a Plitfsaee tte t s mmayj d me ta t t ug he u t a o cud d h t anif r n ild o u r u g n s o h la lt i co l es i biiy, t ncud ,bas d on t pr e r c d,t t De e nt ha r ie a s fc e e he es nt e or ha f nda s ve a s d ufi i nt diput off tast t da est tPli if haves f r a las ast t c s e ac o he mag ha antf s ufe ed, t e t o he onve so cai . rin l m D e e nt cont nd t t a l ng t f l m ea ur of dn age s f nda s e ha lowi he u l s e m s ought he e w oul co tt e a r d ns iut n u j te rc me ta d p itt M r Kis rst si n ,e p cal r g r ig te De eo e fe nus n ih n n o n o . n e ' e tmo y s e ily e adn h v lp r e , f s or uppo t Tha i,i a a s t t Ki e ' t tmony i t t s m e pori n of t moni r . t s t ppe r ha ns r s esi s ha o to he es c onve td we e a De ope f e t tha be n ea ne W hie i i undiput t t e ne f e re r vel r e ha d e r d. l t s s ed hat he nr d e wa notye pa bl unde t tr s oft c r t t Deve o rm a ha be n e il t s t ya e r he e m he ontac , he l pe y ve e ntted o t e f ndsi t f t e. hos ' u n he u ur As Pli tfs e an, t t t l de l e t f e t be pa d wa $ 789,21 but a n if xpl i he o a veopm n e o i s 3, 6 , i 1655,61of t de l pe f e wa a i i e t be de e r d a tr cosng oft pe nent $ , 8 $ he ve o r e s ntcpatd o f re fe l i he nna fna ng tndt f ngoft fnala Se nt Ca tlConti ton)a pai outoft ne i nci a he undi he i nd ve h pia rbui nd d he t c h tow oft Pa t r hi ' ECF N o.67 a 1 n. ECF N o.68 a 143,Pa t r hi A g e m en as l he r ne s p. ' t 0 5; t rne s p r e t a Se ton 8. 1 The a oun ofda ag s ug by Pli tfsi ude t $1655,61 t twast t ci 1. m t m es o ht a n if ncl he , 8 ha o be de e r d.Thus Pl i if a k f a a ount of da ag t t w oul c pe a e t m f f re , a ntf s s or n m m es ha d om ns t he or 14 moni s t ,alhoug t y wer t ke pr ma ur l a pe ha gi n t i ope e ii ,t e hat t h he e a n e t e y nd r ps ve o mpr r nttes he Deve o rm ihti f c a r a ha ea ne alhoug t y we e notye pa e.I s t t l pe g n a t le dy ve r d, t h he r t yabl n hor, he Cour c udes t t t e i atl as a diput of f c as t w he he Pl i if a e e il d t t t oncl ha her s e t s e at o t r a ntf s r ntte o he f lm e ur ofdnmag t y s e whih i l dest $1655, ,orwhehe Pl ntfswoul ul as e es he e k, c nc u he , 861 t r ai if d b l u tye c e byaj d me tha icu e t a a u t e mj sl mi h d u g n t tn ld s h t mo n . Ad i o al, ies mmayj d me to t c n rc c u t tn p riual Co n X) dt n ly whl u r u g n n he o ta t o n s a d a t lry u t i c may be una f ctd by t is of t i a ne butnotye - yabl De l r f ,'t Cour fe e he s ue he û r d- - - tpa e veope ee' he e t bei vesi a s et a es a l heda gesa a sng eti l le t dviabl o ddr s 1 t ma t i l ra . 11 1. CO N CLU SI N O For t f e ng r as , Pl i if ' M oton f Stm m a y J he or goi e ons a ntf s i or l r udgm e , ECF N o.66, i nt s GRANTED as t la lt a DENI ast da a s An a opra e or r s l is t s o i biiy nd ED o m ge . ppr it de hal sue hi da y. ENTER: i h Ths d yo Oco e, 01 a f tb r2 3. J J sC . k Tur Seni Unied St t sDititJ or t a e src udge 15

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