Warren v. Tri Tech Laboratories, Inc., No. 6:2012cv00046 - Document 29 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Norman K. Moon on May 15, 2013. (sfc)

Download PDF
nl e4OFFI t,:,Dl O URT * AT L O l sm o cHBuRq VA FIED L IN THE U NI TED STATESDI CT C OURT STRI FoR THE W ESTERN D I CT OF W RGI A STRI NI LYNCHBURG DI SI VI ON MA 15 2 1 Y 23 6'D CD CLERKLR r , L,EK J UTY C U ; AA - CI L A CTI NO.6: CvVI ON 12- 00046 DAVI W ARREN, D Pl nt ai % M EM O RAN DU M O PW I ON TRITECH LABORATORI W C. ES, , De nd . fe ant N ORMAN K . OON M UNI STATESDI TRI JUDGE TED S CT The pr se Pl ntf t ed t s acton cl m i race- ed di crm i or t at e i o ai if il hi i ai ng bas s i nat y re m nt n e oyme a wrngf ds sa i voai of42U. C.j1 1a Til VI o t Ci l mpl nt nd o ul imisl n ilton S. 98 nd te I f he vi I Ri s A ctof 1964. Pl ntf has fl a tM oton t Sti D ef ndants Af im atve D ef ns ght ai i f ied t i o rke e ' fr i e es and A ns e and i t Aler i M oton f Partal Sum m a J w r, n he t natve, i or i ry udgm ent' alegi ,' l ng i ufk i y i Def nt s af i i de enses a answer and alem atvel s ki partal ns t enc n enda ' fnuatve f nd , t i y ee ng i s ummayj me ,a rnty on t grund t tt r i no g nui diput ofmaeilfc r udg nt ppae l he o ha hee s e ne s e tra a t t he,as an Aâi Am ercan m al re ved teat e di par e f om w hie em pl hat cani e, cei r m nt s at r t oyees. At pr nt no di cove has been conduct and Pl ntf has not s ese , s ry ed, ai if erved hi i tal di cl ur s nii s os es (lhoug Dee nsha sr e t is. at h fnda t ve e v d her) As expl ned her n, Pl ntf ' ar ent t srke ce ai ans e and afi i ai ei ai i f s gum o ti rt n w rs frmatve def es m us f l gi t l as i apples t t s case. And,as e ai att hearng on ens t ai, ven he aw t i o hi xpl ned he i Pli ifsmoin,t atr tvemoin f pa ta s antf to he lenai to or ril ummayj me i prmaue a mus r udg nt s e tr, nd t be de ed. ni l 1Pr vi l , D ef ndantf l a m oton t di m i s on t gr e ousy e ied i o s s he ound t tt com pl ntw a f l d 9 1 days afer ha he ai s ie t Pli tf r c i e h s i h -o-u no i efo t eEq a Em p o me t po t niyCo iso (h t an if e e v d i rg tt s e tc r m h u l l y n Op ru t mm s i n t e ç EEOC' , ' ) ( i d.. contnue .) On Sept ber 17,201 Pl ntf fl <t s acton i or t enf ce hi rght t be f ee em 2, ai if ied thi i n der o or si so r f om di cri i i bas upon hi r as pr ded by Ci lm ght A ctof 1 r s m naton ed s ace ovi vi s 964,as am e nded, 42 U. C.j 1 . The c mpli sae ,i pa t( r g a numbei a e bi ctto S. 981' ' o ant tts n r paa rph rng nd xhi t iains omitd;q e vebai e e frbrc tdi etons: te uotd r tm xc pt o a kee nsri lz Pl ntf i an A fi Am erca m al cii of t Unies St es who r i i ai if s rcan i n e tzen he t at esdes n M cl nney,Texas. fi D ef endant Tl Tech La at i , l i a f ei cor aton lcensed and doi i bor ores nc. s or gn por i i ng busness i t St e ofV igi a. Tr Te Labor or es i a cont actor t r part i n he at r ni i ch at i s r hid y m anuf ure ofbea y and cosm etc pr act r ut i oduct . s Pl ntf fl a tm el Char of Di i i i wih t Unied St es Equal ai if ied i y ge scrm naton t he t at Empl me Opporu t Commiso ghe G oy nt tniy sin t C EEOC' a r c i d hi Noie of ' nd e eve s tc ) li t Sue on J 18,2012. k ght o une ** * Pl i ifbeg n e oy e twih De e nta t Dieco ofQuaiy o Fe ua y antf a mpl m n t fnda s he r t r lt n br r 4,2012 atisLync g,Vigi a f lt t hbur r ni aciiy. D ef endml ' m et of s ectng whi em pl ts hod el i ch oyees a af or an opport t t re f ded uniy o pari pat i D ef tci e n endants wel- t i hed and r t wrte pr es i di plne ' l esabls obus , it n ogr sve sci i l.c nt ue ) t. o i d . n but t 90t day f l on a Sunda t r f e t com pl nt w as tm el fl d,and I de ed t m oton. he h el y; he e or , he ai i y ie ni he i D e e ntal o f l d a m oton t s rke Pl i i f squie be a e r pl t Def nt sopposii t t i t nt f nda s ie i o ti a ntf ' t l t d e y o enda ' ton o he ns a mo i n; we e , n t it r s o j si ea j i i le o my a i l h o Pl i ifspr s sau ,I to ho v r i he n e e t f u tc nd ud c a c no , nd n i t f antf' o e tt s g deni Def nt s m oton t s rke. ed enda ' i o ti 2 ec mplitg neal d e no c mpl wi Rue8()2)o t Fc rlRue o CiiPr c d e whih Th o an e r l o s t o y t l a( fhe dea ls f vl o e ur, c y h r quiesa s ta pl n s a em e ofw hy t pl aderi entte t r lef H ow e ,a co tm us cons r e r hor nd ai t t nt he e s il d o e i . ver ur t tue t epla i gso apr s p ant flb r l s eErc s n v Pa du , U . 8 9 ( 00 ) e pe i l wh n h e d n f o e l i i i e a l e ik o . r s 551 S. 9, 4 2 7 , s c a l e f y, y teplitf alg scvirg t voain , o v N. De 'o re t s 61 F.d7 , 4(t Ci. h an if l e i l ihs ilto s Br wn . C. p tfco r ci , 2 3 20 72 4h r e on 2 0 , e as Go d v Le k , 4F.d 1 4 ,11 ( t Ci.1 78.Stlat u ac urmus prvie 01 ) s e lo r on . e e 51 2 1 7 51 4h r 9 ) i , l gh o t t o d . l ho lew a t apr sepli if t s%leway m us bet per d t r r t Pli ift c pl w ih ...t e yo o antf, hi çe t em e o equie he antf o om y t he p e di r q r me t of e8 *Da i v Bacg u , 1 F. p 2d6 , 5 ( D. . 01 ) a d ac ur l a ng e uie n s Rul , vs . ialpi 7 1 Su p. 09 61 E. Va 2 0 , n o t ' m a notac a t ltgant sadvoca eand cons r tl a gum e st tt pl ntf hasnotm a ,s Br k y t s he ii ' t tuc egal r nt ha he ai if de ee oc v Ca r l 1 7 F. d 2 , 42 43( t Ci.1 9 )( t J, o un n l Be d t v Ci o mpt n, 7 . r ol 0 3 41 2 - 4 h r 9 7 Luti . c nc i g ; au e t . t fHa o 7 5 , g, y F. 1 7 1 8 ( h Ci. 9 5 . 2d 2 4, 27 4t r 1 8 ) - 2- pr am i a prm ar sotr of di rm i ton w hi has r uled i an unf r a ogr s i y lce sc i na i ch es t n ai nd w r ult naton ofem pl entopporunii f t Pl ntf I is r pons ongf ermi i oym t tes or he ai if. n t es e tt ( o he EEOCJrgadngPli ifsc r ,Defnda rfrnc dislngu gei is e ri antf' hage e nt eee e t a a n t wr te ha book, ii i r s r e t r g , n is s e dic e i n, t ra wha it n nd c tng t e e v s he i ht i t ol s r to whe he nd t di ci i y ac i wilbe t s plnar ton l aken i a gi siuaton. Def ntt m a an er n ven t i enda hen kes red sat m e t Pl ntf w as r ponsbl f a m i l ed Ove t Count dr t e nt hat ai if es i e or sabel r he er ug pr oductascr ncet isactons. ede ot i Dce a sae i is r s ns t t E fnd nt ttd n t epo e o he EEOC) t t i tr nae Pli ifs ha t emi td antf' e pl ym e d t m i l be e pr uc s a c m pl nt f om c t m e . A lho h m o nt ue o sa l d od t nd o ai r us o r t ug t Pl ntf deni and s alegaton of f ct s he ai i f es uch l i a unoundi m i l be ed pr ng s a l oduct or s com pl nt l ai s odged t w er a r ul of Pl ntf s actons, Ca i em pl hat e es t ai if' i ucasan oyees have conduct d f w or ofenseswhi coul and possbl s d ha r uled i e ar se f ch d i y houl ve es t n l s of busness fom is cus om er pr or t Pl ntf s e pl ent Thos os i r t t s i o ai if' m oym . e Ca ain e oye sha notbe ntr nae rprma d,o e n s jce t uc sa mpl e ve e emi td, e i nde r ve ube td o a dicplnaya to byDee nt OnFe ay8,201 a o maeyf l ( ny si i r cins fnda . bnzr 0, pprxi tl ot 4) r days aft Pl ntf s em pl ent began, a f m al notce of a r l of pr er ai if' oym or i ecal oduct s pr oduced by t Def he endant i 2011 f m i obi contm i i of Bur de i n or cr al a naton khol r a Cepaci pror t Pl ntf s e pl e was publs a i o ai if' m oym nt ihed by t Food a Dnl he nd g Admi srto (he ( ' f Kao Brnds ma r ofJ r nsa J Frda nitain t TDA' or j a , kes ege nd ohn e pr oduct dat Decem ber 29,2009. The pr ed oduct w e taced back t Def nt s re r o enda s' f lt sol y a r eased undert aus ces oft qualt m anage ents t m of aciiy el nd el he pi he iy m ys e Mak Halt,Sr Die t o Quaiy ( uc sa ,Cahle Owe Die t of r let . rcor f lt Ca ain) t e n n, rcor Quaiy ( uc sa , a Blke He l M a e of Quaiy ( uc in) lt Ca ain) nd a mme, nag r lt Ca asa . M a a t rng ope a i a t f c lt wa ha t d f a pr m a e y one we k. nuf c u i r tons t he a iiy s le or p oxi t l e N e t r of t s Ca sa e pl e , d r c l r s ns bl f p e ntng ihe he e uca i n m oye s i e ty e po i e or r ve i unaduler ed pr t fom e erng t m a ket ace t can hn t t publc t at oduc s r nt i he r pl hat rm o he i t derFede alFood,Dnz and Cos etc act w e e t nui t f t ractons. m r g, m i , r e na ed or hei i Pr or t Pl ntf s t e wih Def i o ai if enur t endant a durng t approxi a e tm e perods nd i he m t i i of N ovem ber 2009 and Decem ber 2009, Ca ucasi Em pl an oyees, M a k Hale t r l t, Ca hl e Owe a Bl ke Hc m e , r l a e pr uc s m a a t r d f r Be ut t en n, nd a m l e e s d od t nuf c u e o a y Avenues,t m aker of Bat and Body W or product t di notm ee t l he s h ks , hat d t he egal fl w ei underFeder Food,Drtg,and Cos etc A ct Beaut Avenuesr s t il ght al z m i . y ai ed he i s as a c om ercom pl ntdurng Pl ntf s empl entw her t r s or and s ue ust ai i ai i f oym e hei t es parnsc ane The epr t wee s jc t rc l t rFe rlFoo to ompli d. s oducs r ube t o e al mde dea d, Dnz and Cos etc A ctald coul have r uled i l ofbus nes g, m i l d es t n oss i s. Pror t Pl ntf s t e and whie a1 Ca i em pl i o ai if' enur l 1 ucasan oyees w er res e ponsi e, bl De e ntha r l a e OTC pr duc st tw e e m i l be e w ih t wr g e r ton f nda s ee s o t ha r sa l d t he on xpia i dat as s e hown by Def nt spr vi ye s eca d pr ded by Beaut A ve enda ' e ous m' cor r ovi y nues. Pror t Pl ntf s t ea Def i o ai if' enur endant s pped pr hi oduct t Ca s o nada t w er hat c m i abel a wer not a oved t ough cus om s i t cot ty. Caucasi sl ed nd e ppr hr t n he m l an Empl oyees, m ar H alet a Cat een Owen wer r ponsbl f t r eas k l t nd hl e es i e or he el ed - 3- pr oduct t t w er hel i c t s due t i pr r lbelng of hand s tzer s ha e d n usom o m ope a i anii s m a act ed f Beaut Avenues t m aker of Bat and Body W or Pl ntf nuf ur or y , he s h ks. ai if cor ect t i ue wher t product coul be r eased fom c t s and pr r y r ed he ss e he s d el r usom ope l ent rt Canadi m a ket ace. e he an r pl Dur ng Pl ntf ' em pl e , M ar H alet, Caucas a i t e a change be i ai ifs oym nt k lt i n, nsruct d m ade t t m anuf urng pr o he act i ocess f lqui m oi tsoa Thi change caused t or i d s ps. s he pr oduct t be aduler ed underFeder Food,Drtg,and Cos etc Act whe e t so t at al z m i , r he pr uc sw e e no hom oge ous a a c y c a a r lc wa u s r e i t od t r t ne nd opol m r nd c y i s ndi pe s d n he pr uc s The de e tw a no e by t r nc diy a f ul s f odo c us d f o od t . fc s td he a i t nd o , ulur r a e r m t l of neutalza i of t acr i copol e t t a opr a e pH . Be y he ack r i ton he ylc ym r o he ppr i t aut Avenues,t r l ges cus om er,compl ned aboutt odor oft Tw ii W oods hei ar t t ai he he lght pr oduct on or about M ay 3,2010. '' e Tw ii W oods was a new pr lh lght oduct w ih , t appr m at y 400, 500, unis afect oxi el 000- 000 t f ed. Thes product shoul ahve been e s d de to d.TheCa aine oy wa nottr nae o s jce t dicplnay srye uc sa mpl ee s emi td r ube td o s i i r actonsf hi ac i . i or s tons A ddii l ot Caucasi em pl tonaly, her an oyees have been f m aly cied f l of or l t or ack per or ance and have been af or opportm ii unde D ef ndants pr essve f m f ded t tes r e ' ogr i di plne polcy,eve t t ext ofout i counselng as i t sci i i n o he ent sde i s sance f m anageral or i tai ng. r ni Pl ntf s pe or ance w as out t ng and had r i praie âom i er ai if' rf m sandi eceved s nt nal em pl oyees a D ef ndants cus om er i udi Bi dor and Beaut Avenues. nd e ' t s, ncl ng er f y Y e ,Pl ntf was neve i or ed abouthi per or a or t t e w as an i ue t ai i f r nf m s f m nce hat her ss w ih t cusom er durng hi em pl e ;t he was neve gi an opporuniy t he t s i s oym nt hus r ven t t t cor o rect any defci i ency i hi peror ance. D ef ndant has pres ed no n s f m e ent docum e ed evi nt dence ofany m eetng wher Pl i ifand hi s i e antf s uperviordi cus a s s sed per or ance i s f m s ue. Defnda sae t t ( e nt tts o he EEOC)t tPli ifwasno a e t pefr up t Tr ha antf t bl o ro m o i Tech' expect i f t poston. Upon hie,M a k Halet,Caucas a sat t s atons or he ii r r lt i n, t ed o me dr cl t t Cahle Owe f me Ca ain Die o o Quaiy whos iety ha t en n, or r uc sa rctr f lt e poston Pl ntf w as hi t r pl w as notper or i w el. M rs Ow en was ii ai i f red o e ace, f m ng l . pr ot t Regul or Diect f t cor aton. H ow e r,he w e on t s a e om ed o at y r or or he por i ve nt o t t t she s d havebee fr becaus s coul notper or t dutes. hat houl n ied e he d f m he i Def endant sat as a pr urs t t r i i Pl ntf s em pl ent t Beaut t es ec or o e m natng ai if oym hat y Avenues,is l ges cus om er,was i s e w a di appoi ed i hi per or ance. t ar t t n om y s nt n s f m Bea y Avenues has bee di ppoi ed w ih Tr Tec f pe ods w el bef e t ut n sa nt t i h or ri l or he Pl ntf everhear oft com pany. The s ecar provi by t Beaut A venue ai if d he cor d ded he y i Fe n bruar 2010,r l i peror ance f t pr ous cal y efectng f m or he evi endar year st es on , at page st Tr Tec s d contnue t f hat i h houl i o ocus on OTC a on pages 3- of t nd 4 he docum ent s at t D ef nt shoul be proactve i qualt i s res uton, t e he enda d i n iy s ue ol i i ove on t num berand per a ofdef i pr mpr he cent ge ectve oduct a f t sat OTC s nd urher t es - 4- defniel needs i pr m ent i 2010 lstng t f l i poor per or ance ity m ove n i i he olow ng f m i i tr fom 2 ndcao s ' 009:1 milbee OTC AB Moit i ngHa Soa wa lbee r ) sa ld surzi nd p s a ld AB Cla i Ha Soa zl a rnc di t mac sa r 3) l ore t e nsng nd p, Fr ga e dn' th tndad, nc rc e r i dat on O TC pr xpiaton e oduct prnt 3 year e r i dat i t of 2 year , s, i ed xpiaton e ns ead s a 4)Fi s d u t wee fund wih mi d pie sikes l a ton t t nd nihe nis r o t xe rc tc r. n ddii o he s ecar Beaut Avenues r es cor d, y epr enttves st ed t t w er excied t wor i at hat hey e t o k w ih t Pl ntf ml t he w as i ovi t qualt and com m uni i t he ai if d hat mpr ng he iy catons t e endousy,i s a s tpe i rm l n uch hor r od. They al o s at t t or zaton w as s t ed hat he gani i di a nt d w ih M a k H a l t a Ca hl e Owe a t wa t y m a ge t s ppoi e t r le t nd t e n n nd he y he na d he qualt uni. Si iar s at ent w e m ade by Bi rs f s em pl iy t m l t em s re e dor oyees wher Tr , e i Tech di notcom pl e t Cor i A c i needed t begi t phas ofpr d et he rectve ton o n he es oduct tansf runtlt Pl ntf m anaged t pr s. r e i he ai if he oces The Def nt i i i er confi r di is wrte and i pl ent d enda s n nt nal lct egar ng t it n m em e pr essve dici i polcy, as t t e sence of or non- sence of s a ogr i s plne i o he xi t exi t uch polcy. l is l t t t Pl ntf dat June 10,2010 atpa aph 3,D ef ndant i n t eter o he ai if ed ragr e sat t.Thus,t r iy i t t whie Tr Tech does nothave any pr s whi t es :. he ealt s ha l i oces ch m andat pr es ogres ve di i i as you s si scplne ugges ,even i t s had bee t cas t t f hi n he e, he serous i ness of your per ormance i s r r t actonst f s ues equied he i aken agai tyou' a ns ' nd ltrsae t t ( ae tts o he EEOC)i paa a 2,d.k s n rgrph d. eponde de esa1alg to a .l nt ni l le ains nd asse s t t w il gener l t ac i i a pr essve m n r.' The confi s rt hat hey l aly ake ton n ogr i nne ' lct i a i i wrten a w el- t i d r al an i em alsruggl and i cat n pplcaton it nd l esablshe eve s nt t e ndi es a pot i pater ofi ental t n ncons sentteat entand unequaland unf r teat ent as i it r m ai r m s evi on t f oft Pl i if scom pl nt dent he act he a ntf ' ai . D e e a ha a pt d w rte ha bo de m i t d a Tr Te h La a o i s f nd nt s do e it n nd ok no na e s i c bor t r e , I Em pl nc. oyee Handbook,wher i outi and sat ,ç-he Com pany hasadopt d a e t lnes t es El e pr es i di plne polcy t i iy and addr s em pl ogr sve sci i i o dentf es oyee r at pr em s.' el ed obl ' I is wrten handbook i pr des gui n t it t ovi dance f is pr tona pe i t i or t oba i ry r od hat s t nt i ( )da i lngt t e uaeisne hiee o eswheei sae i we peght 28 ys n e h o val t t w r mplye r t tts n is Di c plne Di c r polc t o to l e pl ye s a e he d t t hi he t t s i i / s ha ge i y l ba i na y m o e r l o he g s pr sa r ofbe vira j pefr nc Pr e sveDicplnei t e pto tndads ha o nd ob ro ma e. ogrsi si i s he xce in r her t t rul f probatonar empl at han he e or i y oyees.' I f t r outi t polcy ' t urhe lnes he i st i t- i Tech w il nor aly adher t t f l ng pr essve di ci i atng, K fr l m l e o he olowi ogr i s plnary pr es 1 I o ma Dic son,2) Veba W a ng, 3 W rte W a ng, 4 oc s: ) nfr l susi r l mi ) itn mi ) S pe i a 5)Temi ton. us nson, nd r nai Due t D ef o endants wrongfuli pl ent i of is w rten and accept pr am s ' m em aton t it ed ogr and pr i actces, Pl ntf was t nat w ihout consder i or even ai if enni ed t i aton acknowl edgem entofan opportm iy t cor ectany per onuance gap t m i have t t o r f hat ght been pres or e n a w rten ls of dutes, t ks, and expect i ent ve it i t i as atons, whie l Caucas a empl in oyees ha per or ed f l s poory t ve f m ar es l han Pl ntf coul ever ai if d per or ,e n i D ef f m ve f endants alegatons w e e t e,a ha been gr ed acces t ' l i r nz nd ve ant so t pr es ve di ci i pr am and even t e re e m easure of pr essve he op si s plne ogr o xt m ogr i dici i notls ed on isw rten polcy,outi cot s i s plne it t it i s de m elng. As diect and pr m at cause of t actons of t D ef r oxi e he i he endant Pl ntf has been , ai if t m i ed a de e em pl e t m s and condii er nat nd ni d oym nt er tons and prvieges of il e oy ntdue t hi rc i vi ain of42 U. C.j 2 e e sq. a 42 mpl me o s a e n olto S. 000() t e , nd U. C.# 1 1a h noot rrco s b t fl s t Hei e tte t e tbl S. 98 nd as he e ure ut o ie ui. s nild o quia e r le f t a ot tofpa he w o d ha e r d b f rt dic i i t y a to e i f or he m m y ul ve a ne ut o he s rm na or c i ns by t D ef he endant Pl ntf s . ai i f eekscom pens or dam agesf t m e alanguih and at y or he nt s dit s, em bar s e , and hum ii i t t he s f re as a r ul of r al sres ras m nt laton ha uf e d es t aci dicri i i by D ef s m naton endant Pl ntf hasbeen da aged by t i entonalact of . ai if m he nt i s t D e e n a i t r f r e il d t r le oft Cour . he f nda t nd s he e o e ntte o e i f he t Pl ntf has i uded Exhi tdF'7e ai cor pondence wih r al overones and ai if ncl bi $ ' m l res t aci t har sm ent a Exhi t iG'> weekl hi i s subm it t m anager f as , nd bi & ' y ghlght ted o or perormance.... f The d t bi t ' t whi h t c Exhi t F'' o c he ompl i t r f r i a c i of e m a l , be r i o a n e e s s ha n - is gim ng n W ednes day,Aprl 21, 201 wih a m es age f om Bl Hem m el t a pe on nam ed Khanh i 0, t s r ake o rs Se i t whom M r.Hem m elprovi a tacki num ben Kl verno, o ded r ng mnb Severno r ponded t M r. i es o He l(nd a rnty c e t rs ns t ot r)a f l :dus gott paka e s l mme a ppae l opid he e po e o hes s olows t t he c g o l wilberevi ng t . Iwilbe away f om t of i nextw eek s 1w ilha t s i t you l ewi hem l r he fce o l ve o end t o on M onday 5/ ' M r.Hem m elt f 3.' hen orwar t e- ai t Tr Tec em pl ded he m l o i h oyees M ar H alet, k lt D a d W ar en,Cat een Ow e The a M cGuie, and Rhonda Seay,i udi t f l i vi r hl n, res r ncl ng he olow ng me sge:(THANK GOD! A W EEK OF PEACE AND QUI ' Se rlmes ge bewen sa C ETI vea sa s t e ' t e per hes sons ens ued,i udi t sat ncl ng he t cment 4-ha wom an i a m enacel'and,atl t i t , l- t l s ' eas n he doc e pr ded by Pl ntf ,concl ng w ih a e- ai m es um nt ovi ai if udi t n m l sage f om M ar H alet t t r k l t o he ot rst sm pl s at Kshe' Vi tNam ' r he hat i y t ed, % s e s evenge.' ' The %Exli tç ' t w hih t com pl ntr ersappear t be t o pagesofnot ,entted d lbi F'' o c he ai ef so w es il dW eekl H i i s' t Pl ntf com pied r di wor he had been doi t y ghlght ,' hat ai if l egar ng k ng. A s pr ousl s at Pl ntf fl hi compl nton Sept ber 17,201 The com pl nt evi y t ed, ai if ied s ai em 2. ai was se rved on Def nt on or about Ja y 1 201 D ef enda nuar 0, 3. endantr ponded on Janua y 31, es r - 6- 2013,flng an ans er and a m oton t dim i s,whi has bee deni 3 Def ii w i o s s ch n ed. endants ans ' wer i uded 15 afi m atve def esres ncl tr i ens pondi t t com pl nt ng o he ai . Pl ntf fl t i t m oton on Febr ry 22,2013,a enty alegi i ufk i ai if ied he nsant i ua ppar l l ng ns t ency ofD ef endants ans e and afi m atve def nses and t t e i no ge ne di put ofm at i ' w r ir i e hat her s nui s e eral f t he, as a Af i n- erca m al w as teat dipar el t Def act hat n r ca Am i n e, r ed s at y han endants whie ' t em pl oyees. However pr ousy obs 4 ,as evi l erved, no di c e y ha ye be n c uc e i t s s ov r s t e ond t d n hi m ate and, at t tm e Pl ntf fl t i t m oton,t partes had not yet s tr he i ai if ied he nsant i he i erved t r hei i taldi oszeson eac ot nii scl tr h her. 3A spr o l not , s n.1 s a, ef nda m oved t di m i s on t gr eviusy ed ee , upr D e nt o s s he ound t Pl ntf ' c pl i hat ai if s om a nt w a f l d 91da a t rhe r i hi rght t s notc how e r 1de ed t m oton be us t 90t da s ie ys f e ece ved s i - o- ue i e; ve , ni he i ca e he h y f l on a Sunda a t t com pl ntw astm el f l el y, nd hus he ai i y ied. 4The i t ntm oton and t r pl t D e e nts oppos to a e s m ia t t com pl i , ïe. t t lm ied ns a i he e y o f nda ' ii n r i l r o he a nt . , o he i t e e tt a hi sa e n sa ec he e , h ya ec n l s r a d a eu u po t dby a y e d nc ( i e t t xtn h t s tt me t r o r nt t e r o c u o y n r ns p re n vi e e g v n ha t e e i n ty tar c r be o et c u t. Fo e a e Pl itf sme o a d i s p r o t e mo i n h r s o e e o d f r he o r) r x mpl , an if m r n um n u po t f h to st ates: Purua t Rul 8a 1 ( o t Fe ea Rulso CiiPr c d r ,h Plitf mo st s nto e nd 2 9 f he d rl e f vl o e u e te anif ve o srkeD ef ntsa fr ai de e e ,pa agr ti enda ' fim tve f ns s r aphsdenom i t asFis t oughFo t nt naed rt hr uree h of is Ans , f f l e t s ts y t Feder Rul of Ci l Pr dur pl di t wer or aiur o a i f he al es vi oce e ea ng r q ie nsa p ru n t Rul 8 1 ( , nd1 4 mo st srk De e da tsa we, e urme t nd u s a t o e , 1b) a 2 9 ve o tie fn n ' ns r w he e D ef r endantw ilull a know i y m ade untut uldeni s off ct t t m at i lf ly nd ngl r hf al a s o he eral f t t t cour a sgned t pl adi f rt r r M or ove , he D e e nt s a w e ac s o he t nd i he e ng o he eco d. e rt f nda ' ns r w aspr e e t t cour i ba f ih a w iluldi r gar t t Rul . es nt d o he t n d a t nd lf s e d o he es A f im atve y,t Pl ntf m ove t c tt gr nthi m oton f pa ta s m a y f r i l he ai if s he our o a s i or r i l um r j g n b c us t r aeds ue is e o maeil a t a dt Plitf i e tte t ud me t e a e hee r ip td su s f tra f cs n he an if s nild o j g n a amatro lw. ud me t s te f a * ** Fo te o t ls ffe np rg a hso g fn n ')a we asr c n l o yaRr tv ure n fhe a tite aa rp f Dee da ts ns r set o cus r f maie def ns wihoutpl adi a f ct t f m a bas s f t def ns I r pons t t e es t e ng ny a s hat or i or he e e. n es e o he alega i i par a 8,9, 1 11, l 13, 1 15, 16,and 17 of t Com pl nt t l tons n agr phs 0, 2, 4, he ai , he D ef ndantadm is i pa' a deni s t r m ai ng ale tons. The de al vi a esRul e t n l nd t e he e ni l ga i ni s ol t e 8( ( ( 4)a Rul 11( ( wher unde t Rulss h deni mus f ryr s b)2)3( nd e b)4) e r he e uc al t ail e pond t t o he s t nc of t a l i a s ubs a e he legatons nd uch deni s of f ual cont i ar warant on al act entons e r ed evi dence afe r s bl i r t r ea ona e nquiy. - 7- I s n uppo t o is o r f t ppos ton t t m o i De e n tl d t t fi vi of S e n ii o he ton, f nda t i e he W tda t t ve Fuleron,' t pr i l t ' he esdent of Tr Te La ores, nc. nce ober 2007. The afidavi, 5 t t i ch borat i I si Oct quo e he e i pe tne pa t pr de a m or de l d f a e a c e f t f t aspo e t d r n ri nt r , ovi s e ve ope r m nd ont xt or he ac s sd i t c ant a t a s ri ns s t f rh i De e nts a we ( r pa n n he ompli nd he s e to e o t n f nda ' ns r pa a ph umbe i rng omitd : te ) Da d W arn wa e o d a t Te h ca Dieco o Quaiy Asurnc up vi re s mplye s he c ni l r tr f lt s a e untlt tm e ofhi t rmi i i M ay 2010. i he i s e naton n The Te hnia Die t ofQuaiy Asur nc i uli t l a c ntbl f c c l r cor lt s a e s tma ey c ou a e or i s ofpr s ues oductqualt a cus om erdi ats acton. iy nd t ss i f i Duri W ar en' t ng r s enure, Tr Tec recei i h ved m uli e com pl nt about tpl ai s W ar en' pe f r s r onnance,bot i em a l as w el as f om Tr Tech' cusom er Tw o h nt ly l r i s t s. event,i pari ar l t TH Tech' deci i t t m i e W ar en' empl ent s n tcul , ed o s son o er nat r s oym . W arn,a t Te hnia Die t ofQuaiy Astrnc ,wasa sgne t re s he c c l rcor lt sla e si d o l an i tgaton i o an FDA -egul ed drug pr ead nves i i nt r at oduct t had i r l s hat ncorect abel on t . The i tgaton dr hem nves i i agged on t s o uch an ext nt t t cus om er i e hat he t n quesi woul cal daiy i rng ast when t pr tw oul s p. ton d l l nquii o hc oduc d hi Folowi a viua i pe ton of a 1pr uc s W a r n r c m e d t tt l ng s l ns c i 1 od t , r e e om nde ha he product be s pped out. I por anty, even one m il bel uni coul ti r a s hi m t l s a ed t d rgge rc l Do f oft a cla y ofa viua i peto Mak Halt (ç 1et', e al. ubtul he c trc s l ns cin, r let t lt' Ha ) Se o Die tr ofQuaiy,or rd a ee to c r -ns ci oft pr ucs nir rco lt dee n lcr ni ei pe ton he od t, whi t cover 2, a tonalunis wih t wr back l on t . ch m ed 268 ddii t t he ong abel hem The i tg to w a a s g d t a s a he d d s e y by W a r n, by nvesi a i n s s i ne o nd pe r a e ol l re vi t of hi poston at t Com pany. W ar en' choi t di r d r rue s ii he r s ce o s egar ecogni zed l bo a o y pr d e a i t a i or r t viua i pe ton oft pr uc l be s a r t r oce ur s nd nse d nc po a e s l ns c i he od t a l d r c l r s t d i t d a n- t a uli a e y uns e s u m a ge e of t i e ty e ule n he r w ou nd tm t l ucc s f l na m nt he qualt i s i ques i iy s ue n ton. Thes c maore ntbe nd W arn' tr nain i ve a ola tr e ond j ve hi re s emi to nvol d n fcoy i ue t afect d s alhundr t ss hat f e ever ed housa unis fom Tr Tech' l r tclent Tr nd t r i s a ges i . i Te h a t cintc c nd he le onduce a j n i si to a W arn,a Tec c l td oit nvetgain, nd re s hnia D iect ,wasonce agai as t l t i r or n ked o ead he nvestgaton on behal ofTr Tech. i i f i 5Pli tf a g e t tt a fd v to S e e Fu lro i a f ru e d c nt'a r n l b c us i i a an if r u s ha he fi a i f t v n le t n s < j r d o ume , ppae ty e a e t s pe ' ve batm copy ofan a fda ts n pr vi l by M a k H alet. r i f i vi wor e ousy r lt - 8- Durng hi i tgaton,W ar en pur ued a si e t i s nvesi i r s ngl heory ofw hathad cr ed eat t of- , and conduct t tng i an atem pt t di he f odor ed esi n t o scover t r ca e. he oot us Uli at y,hi si e caus t tm el s ngl e heory oft ofhe fodorwasproven wr ong. Dtrng hi i tgaton, W ar en f l t r d hi dat di not li s nvesi i r aied o ecor s a, d com m uni e hi pl or t r uls adequat y i er l or w ih t clent and cat s ans he es t el nt naly t he i , ot wi f l t conduct hi i tgaton i com plance w ih good l at y her se aied o s nves i i n i t abor or pr c i e's dhi he s ul ha be n a c a m e t ha bee f m ii rwih. I a tc , om ng ho d ve e nd l i d o ve n a la t n f c , W a r n' f iur t c m m t i a e w ih t c i nt r s t d i t c i nt fy ng at r e s a l e o o m c t t he le e ule n he le l i t ofisi tgaton t m s ats t i expe e t t clent outt Lynchbur wo t nves i i ea , ubsantal ns o he i , o g, Vi ni t compl n aboutW ar en' perormance and l k ofcom m uni i rgi a o ai r s f ac caton. As t per on di l res he s rccty ponsi e f l ng t i bl or eadi he nvestgaton on be f of i i hal Tr Tec t s behavi was unaccept e. N o ot r Caucasan e pl i h, hi or abl he i m oyees w er e s af e wih l ng t i tgaton i o t olact y i ue. The m anagem entof t f d t eadi he nves i i nt he f or ss t i tgaton on be f of Tr Te w as s el t r ponsbiiy of W ar en. he nves i i hal i ch ol y he es i lt r Once agai Halet w as f ced t s e i and t over t m anagem ent of t n, l t or o tp n ake he he olact y i ue,w hi wasuli at y cor ect unde H alet' l f or ss ch tm el r ed r l t s eader hi s p. lw aspe onaly i ved i t deci on t t m i e W ar en' e pl rs l nvol n he si o er nat r s m opucnt at Tr Tech. W ar en' r pl i r s ace ayed no r e i t deci i t t m i e hi f om ol n he son o er nat m r em pl ent Tr Tech hi d W ar en knowi he w asAf i Am ercan. oym . i re r ng rcan i A ddii l t Ca i em pl tonaly, he ucasan oyees ls ed by W ar en i hi Com pl nt it r n s ai and hi M oton f Pari Sum m ar J s i or tal y udgm ent wer not si iary st ed as e m l l iuat W ar en,and t ar not proper com par or t s r hus, e at s o how dipar e teat e . Stt s at r m nt ed si pl di cove wils m y, s ry l how t t hat hese e pl m oyees di note d ngage i t sa et of n he m ype mi sconductpoorper or a asW a r whi h r uled i W ar en' dichar / f m nce r en c es t n r s s ge. 1 1. Rul 1 9 o t Fe r RulsofCi lPr e tr alwst Cou tt iti fo a c 24 f he deal e vi oc dze lo he r o t rke rm s pl ng an i uf i e def eadi ns fci nt ense or a r ny edundant i m at r al i peri , or s ndal ,m e i , m tnent ca ous m ate ,'by is own choi or i r pons t a m oton f t r' t ce n es e o i rom one of t partes Fe R .Ci he i . d. v. P.1 9. Rul 1 9 moto aepr rwheeçhec lnge alg tonsha no posi e 24 e 2( ins r ope r f hale d le ai t ve sbl r lton o l i a c ci t t s j c m atroft c to ry a m a ca e s me f r eai r og c l onne ton o he ub e t te he on r ve s nd y us o o m o sg tc n prj c t oneo mor oft pate t t aci ' ly v Fai a Co y, f inii a t eudie o r e he ris o he ton. 'Baie . l x unt f Ci lAci No.11 -c -1 ,2 0 W L 5 74,* ( D.Va De .21 201 ( i 5C vi ton :0 v 031 01 3008 4 E. . c , 0) quotng ChalsAlnW rght& ArhtrR.Milr Fe r lPrci & Prce e j 1 2 ( e 200 ) re a i tz le, dea a tce o dur 38 3d d. 4). H ow eve ,s acton by a cour i a di f ed and dcrasi r m edy,' Wast M gmt H ol ngs r uch i ts s avor dl tc e ' e . di , I .v Gimor ,25 F. 31 3 ( h Ci.2001 ,a 'gj i s tld t ta f iur t r ie a nc . l e 2 3d 6, 47 4t r ) nd 'it s ete ha al e o as n a tr a i de e e i t a o i t pl a ng r s t i t l s of t t de e e ' RCSH fi m tve f ns n he ppr pra e e di e uls n he os ha f ns ,' Ope aton ,L. C.v.Thid Cr t Par Asoc L. ,11 Fe App' 621 629(t Ci.2 r i s L. r ysal k s . P. 5 d. x , 4h r 004) (iai omitd) I e dg hiec t e ofe pla vas numbesofafr tvedee e cttons te . nde d, iwq l oms l tn e d t r fimai fnss wiho be ng s e whe he t f c s wiluli a e y s t ut i ur t r he a t l tm t l uppor t de e es s h pl a ng i do t he f ns , uc e di s ne pr s y s t t def ns w ilbe pr er s d di cover or f t pr di r eci el o hat he e es l es ved houl s y urher ocee ngs eveal fcu ls r. Wanama rv Al e ht 99F. 1 51( b1) 1 W L 58 a ta uppot' ' ke . brc , 3d 1 Ta e, 996 2738,a *5( 0h t 1t Ci.1 96) t-o ve,e ni apat fist pla a afr tvedee e t o i pat r 9 . tlwe r ve f ry al o e d n fimai fns , he pposng ry l silmus s ç eudi orunfi sr ie'beor t wave wilbe e oc d. RCSH tl t how prj ce ar uprs f e he i r l nfre ' ' Operatons,115 Fe App' at630. i d. x Thus i r ew i a m oton t srke,a courtm us Gm us vi w t pl ng underatack , n evi ng i o ti t t t e he eadi t i a lght m os f abl t t pl n i t avor e o he eader' and i t of gr i a m oton t srke,a court ,' ns ead antng i o ti t caly alow s a def ypi l l endantt a end an i uf i i ntans er Raci k v.D omi on fy Assocs. o m ns f c e w . c ni aw , 270F. D.228,23 ( D.N. 201 )(uotngCl kv M iam,1 2F. D.66,71( D.W . . R. 2 E. C. 0 q i ar . l 5 R. S. Va 1 ). l t sc s ,howe r t r i no ne d frDee ntt a nd,ast a we i not 993 ) n hi a e ve, hee s e o fnda o me he ns r s i uf i ent r ns fci , edundant i pertnent or s ,m i , candal , and t t ext Pl ntf ar ous o he ent ai if gues t t hat he atr tvedee e rie i t a we aet rurd' o i ieplt 't ydono c us a fimai fnss as d n he ns r r t j e ' r s lr ae, he pe 6 bo ' t a e ny 6Pl i tf c n e st a o e o t ede asi t e a we c nsiu e p rur ;h we r af i r a ng o t a n if o tnd h t n f h nil n h ns r o tt t s ej y o ve , ar e di f he a w e r fzesPl i if s i e pr t i Pa a a 9 oft c pl i s a es t f l ng: ns r e tt a ntf ' nt r e aton. r gr ph he om a nt t t he olowi ( o tn d.) c n i ue . . - 10- prj cet Pli if a t y p ee v dee e t tae' ontxtal co e nsbl'whe eudi o antf, nd he r sr e fnss ha r I e u ly mprhe i e' n c vi ed i lghtof Pl ntf ' f ualpl ngs Od y I ew n i ai i f s act eadi . ysse magi LLC v.Cardi ou As at ng, ol soci es o flohn t ,LLC, lF.Su 2d7 ,72 ( . Va. 0)7Thedee e mus bec nsdee son 75 pp. 21 7 W D. 201 . fnss t o i rd 6. c n iue ) t. o tn d . Dee da tsae i isrs n et te( fn n ttd n t epo s o h EEOCJt titr n tdPlitf e o n d e ha temiae anips mplyme t u t m i l bel pr o s a ed oduct a com pl ntfom c t m e .A lhough t Pl ntf de esand s h s nd ai r us o r t he ai i f ni uc a l ton off cts r lega i a ur oundi m i l e pr ng sabel d oduct orcom pl nt l s ai s odged t tw e e a r ul ha r es t ofPl i i f sac i ,Ca s a em pl eshave conduc ed f wor e of ens w hi c d a ntf tons uca i n oye t ar s f es ch oul and possbl s d ha r s t i l s ofbus nes f om is c t er pr ort Pl i i f s i y houl ve e uled n os i s r t us om s i o a ntf ' em pl e . Thos Ca as a em pl s have no bee t r i t r i ande oreve oym nt e uc i n oyee t n e m na ed, eprm d, n s j ce t a yd siln r a to sb Dee a . On Fe r ay 8 2 0 a pr xmaey ube td o n icpiay cin y fnd nt b u r , 01 , p o i tl f u ( )da a t rPli tf ' e l y n b g n,a f r a n tc o a r c l ofpr u t o r 4 ys fe an ifs mp o me t e a om l oie f e al od c s pr oduced by t D ef nt i 2011 f m i r alc a i ton ofBur dera Cepac a he enda n or c obi ont m na i khol i i pro t Plitf' e o me wa pu ls e byteFo a d Dnz Ad nsrto Eh ir o anifs mply nt s bih d h od n g miitain te CFDA' f Kao Br nds make sofJege a John Fr pr I ' or I a , r r ns nd eda oductdaed Dec r 29, t embe 2009. The pr oduct wer t aced bac t D e e nt 'f lt s el and r l se unde t s er k o f nda s aciiy ol y e ea d r he a pie o t e q l y ma a e e s tm o M a k Ha lt, S . Die t r o Quaiy us c s f h uai t n g m nt yse f r let r r c o f lt ( uc sa )Cahe nOwe Die tro Quaiy( u a in , ndBlk He lMa a e Ca ain , tle n, rco f lt Ca c sa ) a a e mme, n g r of Qu ly ( u a in . M a ufcui o rto s a te fcly wa h le fr ai Ca c sa ) t n a t rng peain t h a ii t s atd o appr m a el one w ee N e t of t e Ca as a e pl oxi t y k. iher hes uc i n m oyees diec l r ponsbl f , r ty es i e or pr eventng unad t r t d pr t f om ent r ng t m a ke pl cet tca har t t publc i ule a e oduc s r e i he r t a ha n m o he i underFede alFood,D r a Cos etc a ,w e e t r i t d f t r a i r ug, nd m i ct r e m na e or hei ctons. I rs o e Dee a td nidt maoiy o t p r ga h, t frfc lia c r ce a dPlitf' n ep ns , fnd n e e he j rt f he aa r p boh o a ma n c u a is n anifs c acerzai ofm otvesand event Pli ifnow as et t D e e ntsa w erdeni t c ti har t i ton i s. antf s rs hat f nda ' ns es hat eran e pl s wer fca as a ' butt s sm pl i nott c e. Cont a y t Pl ntf ' as eri D e e nt s m oyee e < uc i n,' hi i y s he as r r o ai if s s ton, f nda ' f iur t e i il a i or de t r ce of c t n ofis e pl es doe nots a l e o xplc ty dm t ny he a erai t m oye s uppor Pl ntf ' a gum ent t ai if s r ta Dee a ' % df i d na ta (eti e ly eqweeCa ainun r ne tePli ifsrg t h t fnd ntsç at e ilh t c ran mpo e s r uc sa demi s h antf' ihs ba h of due pr s pr ec ed under t Cons iuton and s r y deni s hi abiiy t pr ec e hi cl i s ' oces ot t he tt i eve el e s lt o os ut s a m .' Pl i i f i ii t r of c t n e pl yee par hetca l D ef ndant s r pons s mpl does not a ntf dentfed he ace erai m o s ent i ly. e ' es e i y r pond atal t t r oft em pl es l o he ace he oyeesPl i ifnam ed i hi c pl nt R a her i de est tt pr a ntf n s om ai . t , t ni ha he oduc t i que ton w as ( r ce bac t D e e nt 'f ciiy s el a r e ed unde t aus c ' of t pe s n si ç a d k o f nda s a lt ol y nd el as t r he pi es' he r ons lsed a i ii a tca i n.' i t nd dentfed s t ucas a ' 1To t ext ntPl ntf s he e ai if ugges st tt pl ng r r m e s s tf t i Bel Atantc Cor . v.Twom bl t ha he eadi equie nt e orh n l l i p y, 5 0 U. 5 4 ( 0 )a As c o tI I b , 5 U. 6 ( 0 ) s u d a pl t a fr ai ed f n e r ie 5 S. 4 2 07 nd h rf z q al 5 6 S. 62 2 09 , ho l p y o fim tv e e s s as d . i t a wer no U nied St esCi c tCour ofAppe sha c i r t quesi H ow e r t di t i t n he ns , t at r ui t al s ons de ed he ton. ve , he sr c j dg si t eW e tr a Ea t r Ditit o Vig ni wh h v c nsd r dt a g m e th v no a pl d u e nh se n nd sen src s f r i a o a e o i e e he r u n a e t p i e t Twombl and I he y qbalpl adi r r m e st af im a i def esr s d i an a wer See eg. Lo z e ng equie nt o fr tve ens ai e n ns . , . , pe v As r'M e tra anFoo , nc,Ci l to No 11 -v 1 1 , 1W L 98 7 ( D. . a .1 . ma s di r ne e d l . viAcin . :0 c - 2 8 201 5 3 E. Va J n 0, 2 1 ; e e v Vir Ame ia I c, vl tonNo. 1 -v-46 201 W L 51 5 1( . . . c 9, 01 ) Ch n y . to rc , n .CiiAci 7:0 c 2 , 0 2 28 W D Va De . 2010) Odys yI ng,LLC v Car ol ; se magi . di ogyAs i e o socats flohnson, t LLC, F.Supp. 721, 27( . . 752 2d 725- W D Va 2 0 . The e o e ipr s n l r m anst ec s t tG a n a fr tved f n em a b pla e i ge e a . 01 ) r f r t e e ty e i h a e ha g j fima i e e s y e e d d n n r l (on i u d.) c tn e . . - 11 - i t c ntxtoft c mpli ,t a we,a Dee a ' moint dimis( c 1de e , n he o e he o ant he ns r nd fnd nts to o s s whih nid a notd a t o stoft so no ;i e Pli ifscame i o e nso oft ba i s e t he ute hi piinl nde d, antf' li d nc mprhe in he ss of D ef ndants afi a i def es i es t alegatons of hi ow n compl ntB I s , e ' frm tve ens gnor he l i s ai . n um Pl ntf hasbecn pr ded w ih s fci notcc oft def ai if ovi t uf i ent i he ensesD ef ndanti endst r s and e nt o ai e, is de al r i e t oug utis a we ,t thi e pl m e w a t r i t d o ac untofhi t ni , a s d hr ho t ns r ha s m oy nt s e m na e n co s r c .Siniianl Pli ifha notdc tae a yp eudc t hi t tj tfe srki t a e g fc ty, antf s monsrtd n rj ie o m ha usiis ti ng he af i i def es a i i s fci nt att s st t pl Pl ntf on notce Ei s tand frmatve ens , nd t s uf i e hi age o ace ai if i sn hor pli tr 'oft nateoft dee e .Fe R. v. 8b)1( . an ems' he tz r he fns s d. Ci P. ( ()A) 11 1. Tot e e Pli ifsmoin atr tveys e pa t s he xtnt antf to lenai l eks ri ummayj me ,ii ra l al r udg nt t s e diy appar t I m us deny t m oton as pre at ent hat t he i m ure. A s a gener pr ii ds m a y al oposton, sum r ?.c n i ue t. o tn d) . t r sa w ilbe hel t be s fci nt...a l ng a i gi pl ntf f i notce oft na ur oft def e.' e m nd l do uf i e s o s t ves ai i f a r i he t e he ens ' Clm v Cor e u, 8 Fe . p' 1 7 ( h Ci. 0 ( uo i g 5 Ch re Al n W rg t& Arh R. ilr e . b a 9 d Ap x 9 4t r 20 4) q tn als l a ih t ur M l , e Fe r lPr c i e & Pr e u e j 1 7 a 45 -5 ( d e 1 90 ) I a e nt a t se ry sa e o t i de a a tc oc d r 2 4, t 5 6 2 d. 9 ). n ny ve , t hi a l t g f h s pari ar c e, t r i no s i r s of a bus f om a l k of f t det l s tcul as he e s erous i k m h r ac ac ual ai uppori Def l ' tng etdant s a fr ai def es Inot alot Ihaveg ant s elewayt t fim tve ens . e s hat r ed om e o hepros Pl ntf bys s ede ng e ai if ua pont nyi D ef nda ' m oton t sr ke Pl ntf ' bel ed r pl t D e e nt s oppos ton t t i t ntm oton. e nt s i o t i ai if s at e y o f nda ' ii o he ns a i B For e m pl , Pl ntf a gues t t D ef nda ' fr t s ond, t r ffh, s nt e ght ni h, t h, xa e ai if r ha e nts i s , ec hi d, it eve h, i h, nt ent e event and t ree h af im atve def escont n l concl i a 'do notcont n s fci ntf m a l h, hit nt f r i ens ai egal us ons nd t ai uf i e ac l l anguage neede t i par f r notce t t Pl ntf . But t fr t s ond,t r and f fh a fr a i d o m t ai i o he ai if' ' he is , ec hi d, it f im tve def ns r l e t Pl i if' a l ged f l e t s a e a c ai and tm el f l t c pl nt e t l a e es e at o a ntf s le aiur s o t t lm i y ie he om ai , s oppe , nd w ai rby Pl i i f sown ac i ve a ntf ' tons.A lhough Ideni D e e ntsm oton t di m i s Pl ntf w asobvi l t ed f nda ' i o s s , ai if ousy on notce t D e e nt t t pos ton t he ha f l t tm el fl and ot r ie a r t i hat f nda ook he ii hat d aied o i y ie he w s dhe e o adm i sr tve pr dur . And t f urh,s xt s ve h,e ght ni h,t nt e eve h,t elt t r e nt nit a i oce es he o t i h, e nt i h, nt e h, l nt w fh, hit e h, and f t nt af im atve def es de w ih pot i l labiiy ort a ountofda a Pl ntf s eks. ouree h fr i ens al t enta i lt he m m ges ai if e Se Ch ny, viAcinNo. :0 c 2 , 0W L 51 5 1 * (idn t tteafr tv dee e o e e e Ci l to 7 1 -v-46 201 2 28 , 2 fn ig ha h fimaie fnss f f l e t m ii e da ages w a ve ofcl i s l ofnotc ofconduc by t def nt s e pl es a aiur o tgat m , i r a m , ack ie t he enda ' m oye , nd good f ih w e e Go pr at r t om ehens bl i t c e of t lm ie f ct pl i e n he ont xt he i t d a s eaded i t c pl i r't t n he om a nt' hat he d f n n ha p o i d t e pl i ifwi ( d q t n tc o t e naur o (h )d f n e y a t tt e e e da t d r v de h antf t ç e ua e o i e f h t e f t e e e s s' nd ha h h a ' plitf ha < td mo tae ta h wil eprj ie i a wa b tericuso i tea s r' . anif d ç e nsrtd h t e lb eudc d n ny y y h i n l in n h n we.) no ' j me i a pr raeo ya tra quaetmefrdsovey. Ev sv Te h. iaton ( udg nt s p opit nl fe de t i o ic r ' an . c Applc i s f ' Se v Co. 8 F. 95 961 ( h Ci.1 ) (uotto o te . Atmi mum,iummay r. , 0 3d 4, 4t r 996 q ain mitd) ni d s r j me ( t berf sd wheet no vi pa t hasnotha t o r t t dico r udg nt mus) e ue r he nmo ng ry d he ppohmiy o s ve i o maint ti esnta t E r o ii ' An ronv Li ryLobb I .477U. 2 nfr to ha s se il o he) pposton. des . bet ' y, nc, S. 42, 25 n.5 (986 . Hee,i i ce rt tdic r ha no c ncude Se doc tno.11 prtil 0 1 ) r t s la ha sovey s t o l d, e ke , era ode,e trdo Fe u r 4, 3(etngde dlnet c eedic r a 90da sbeor til r r nee n br ay 201 s ti a i o omplt sovey t y f e ra dae; eealod ke no 1 notceofhe rng e ee o Fe u r 1 201 Cçur Tra stf t)s s oc t 2, i ai , ntrd n bray 9, 3 l y il e or 11 201 t u11 201 09: AM i Lync bur bef eJ Noma K. o ' . /4/ 4 hr /6/ 4 30 n h g or udge r n M on.) ' M or eover Pl ntf ' m oton i nots , ai i f s i s upport wih cr bl e de ed t edi e vi nce. See Cel ex Cor v. ot p. Catet 477 U. 31 330-4 (986. S r t, S. 7, 3 1 ) ummay j me i prpe i t r i no g nui r udg nt s o r f hee s e ne dipueofmaeilfc a t movi pa t i e ildt j gme a amatroflw.Fe R. s t tra a t nd he ng ry s ntte o ud nt s te a d. Ci P.56a ;Ceotx,477U. a 3 To s t tage nediput ofmaeilfc e ss v. () l e S. t 22. how ha nui s e tra a t xit ( doe note s) apat ma notrs u n t meealgai orde asofhi pla ngs or s xit, ry y et po he r le tons nil s e di . See Cel ex,477 U . at324. Rat r,t ot S. he he part as ertng t a f cannot be or i genui y diput mus s y s i hat act s nel s ed t upport t he asse i by: rton ( A) ctng t patc a pat ofmaeil i t rc d,i l ng de ii , ii o riulr rs tras n he e or ncudi postons docum ent , el ct oni ly s or i or aton, af i t or decl a i , s e r ca l t ed nf m i fdavis ar tons siulto (ncudng t e ma f pupo e of t moto o y, tp ains i l i hos de or r s s he in nl) a misons i ergaor a wes o ot rmaeilg) d si ,ntro t y ns r, r he tras. Fe R.Ci P.5 c()A) s ealo Cry Commu c ins I .v.Nov e Co e S tms d. v. 6()1( , e s a ' niato , nc atl mputr yse , I .33F. 390( h Ci.1 ) Or v Kikwood,99 F.d 8 ( hCi.99 .Hee Plitf nc, 3d 4t r 994 * si . c , 9 2 6 4t r1 3) r, anif r i on hi own st em ent and hi ow n char erzaton of t va i doc ent he has eles s at s s act i i he r ous um s s it w ih hi com pl ntand t i t m oton t ar t t re i no genui diput of ubm ted t s ai he nsant i o gue hat he s ne s e m at i f t he was t eat dif enty t whie e pl eral act hat r ed f er l han t m oyees. How e r,Pl ntf cannot ve ai if pr nty poi t a s ngl adm i si orans erm adeby D ef ese l nt o i e s on w endantt s hat upport hi cl m ,and i s s ai t i w el- ted t Pl ntf s çown naked opi on' t he was a vi i of di crm i i i not s lsetl hat ai if' t ni ' hat ctm s i naton s e ug t e il hi t s no h o ntte m o ummayj me .Gol eg v B.Gr e andCo,I 836F. 8 r udg nt db r . en . nc, 2d 45, 848( hCi.1 ) 4t r 988. l . V Fort sat reas ,Pl ntf s t oton t Sti Def he t ed ons ai if s i o rke M endants A fi i Def esand ' frmatve ens Ans ,and i t A lem atve,M oton f Sum m ar Judgm ent'w ilbe deni An approprat wer n he t i i or y ' l ed. ie or accom pani t sm em or der es hi andum opi on. ni Ent ed t s er hi lo ' d yo Ma , 201 a f y 3. NO K. O M UNI TED STATES DI STRI JUDGE CT - 14-

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.