Sky Cable, LLC et als v. Randy Coley, et als, No. 5:2011cv00048 - Document 213 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 11/7/2013. (jat)

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G 0 - A I U. DI . COURT CE S. ST AT M I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI T CO U R T C FO R TH E W ESTER N D I STRI O F VI G I A CT R NI HARRI SONBURG DI SI VI ON SONBURQ V A FIrn l 2 21 23 UL C D , a Fok r ' * SKY CABLE,LLC,e aI, t . Pl nt f s ai i f , Ci lA ct on N o.5: vi i 11cv00048 V. RANDY COLEY,e al, t . By: M i hae F.U r c l bans ki U nie St e Di t c Judge t d at s s ri t De e f ndant . s M EM O R AN D UM O PIN IO N Thsmatri b f r tec u t nt emo inf rp rils mmayj d me t ie b i te s e o e h o r o h to o a t u r u g n fld y a co scam a dt r pa t plitf DI r s-li n hid ry an if RECTV, LLC (DI S RECTV' a an t r scam t ' g is cos-li ) defnda Ra Col a t r pa t defnda Eas Coas Ca e son,LLC (sheColy e nt ndy ey nd hid ry e nt t t blvii ç t e dee nt')( . 209) DI fnda s' Dkt# . RECTV s ksa a r ofsauor da gesoniscli f ee n wad ttt y ma t am or vi a i n oft Comm unia i Act 47U. C. 605a)1 TheCol y de e ant oppos t olto he c tons , e f nd s e he S. j ( . e tyo ml z j d me ta r igsau o yd ma e , rn i lyag igt tt yha ea nr f mmay u g n wa dn ttt r a g s p icpal r un ha he v S v nhAme me t ih t j r til nt is . e et nd n rg t o u y ra o he sue The c ta e t t a t ca e i pr s nty pos ur d,t Col y de e nt ha ar ght our gr es ha , s he s s e e l t e he e f nda s ve i t aj r til nteis eo tea u t fsauo yd ma e t b a r e t DI o u y ra o h su f h mo n o tt tr a g s o e wad d o RECTV wihn ti t r ng of$1000 t $10, pe vi a i Att s tme, heis oft numbe of he a e , o 000 r olton. he nme i t s ue he r vi ainsofj605a i nota is t ber s ve byt tiroffc,a ii aq si of1w olto () s n sue o eol d he re a t s t s ueton a f rt c t A st t s i s ,t c tco l s t tt Col y def nda sa e la e f 2, o he our . o hi s ue he our nc ude ha he e e nt r i bl or 393 vi ains W hiet co tha dee neda amatroflw t numbe ofj605()vi ai , olto . l he ur s tnni s te a he r a oltons 1 J l 1 5 01 5h c u t rne smmayj d me toDI On uy 1 2 3 te o r ga td u r u g n t RECTV a an th Colyd fn a t o tej6 () g is te e ee d ns n h 05a cam. Subs que l DI li e nty, RECTV el td t f goiscl m f a u dama si f ofsam or da gesunde ece o or t ai or ctal ge n avor tt y ma r 4 U.. j 0 ()3( ()l) 7 SC. 6 5e()C)i l. ( aju mu td tr n wha n t o sauo yd ma e i t a pia l rng - b t e t' s eemie t momt f ttt r a g s n he p lc b e a e ewe n y $1000 a $1 000pervi ai - i t bea r DI , nd 0, olton s o wa ded RECTV a i tt Col yde e nt 2 gans he e f nda s . Ass h, RECTV' moi f s uc DI S ton or ummayj r udgmen i GRANTED I PART a DENI I ts N nd ED N PA R T. 1. Thi c s a iesoutoft r epta una horz diti i ofDI s a e rs he ec i nd ut ied srbuton RECTV s tlie ae lt pr a m i t t ogr m ng o hous nds ofvi w e s a M a s nute Res t o c s r t d by t Co e a e r t s a tn or , r he t a e he l y de e f ndant. Asde a ld i ame or ndum o ni e e e on J y 11 201 t c t ound s t ie n m a pi on nt r d ul , 3,he our f t tt Colydefnda svi ae 47U. C.j605a , c l dt tdiput is of ha he e e nt oltd S. () but oncude ha s ed sues ma e i lf te se ast t e e oft acua da a scai d byDI t ra ac xitd o he xt nt he t l m ge l me RECTV. TheCommuniai Ac pr dest tf vi ai ofj605() t aggive pa t i c tons t ovi ha or oltons a ,he re d ry s e ildt el tbewee ( )t t ldn gess frdbyhi a ar ul oft vi ai a a ntte o ec t n 1 ç ua ma ufee ac m s es t he olton nd ny pr isoft vi aort ta eati a et t vi a i whih a enott ke i o a cou i oft he ol t ha r trbut bl o he olton c r a n nt c nt n co i t acualda ge r' ( saut yda gesi ças notls t n$1000ormor mputng he t ma s'or 2) tt or ma n d um e s ha , e t n$1 ,0 5p r oain.S e4 U. C.j6 5 e( )C)i.Thesauea s p o ie wi ha 00 0' e vilto e 7 S. 0 ()3 ( () ttt lo r vd s t h r r t sautr da est tlgl a ca ei whiht co tfndst tt vi ai wa egad o tt oy mag ha tin ny s n c he ur i ha he olton s comm it wiluly a f t pur e ofdie tori r tc ted lf l nd or he pos s rc ndiec omme cala nt georprvae r i dva a i t fna a gai t c t n isdi c eto m a i r e t a a d ofda a ,w he he ac ualor i nci l n, he our i t s r i n y nc eas he w r m ges t r t sautr byana mtofnotmo et $1 000f ea hvi ai ofs ecin ( oft s tt o y, mot r han 00, or c olton ubs to a) hi s cin' S e47U.. j6 5 e( )C)i) e to . e ' SC. 0 ()3 ( (i. l a e fr t s r al a t l su sp e ld n a a r o s mmayj d me t n n fo to kit lf cua is e r cu i g n wad f u r u g n, D I ECTV lm isis da age c a m i t e r pe t . Fis ,D I ECTV e c R i t t m s l i n hr e es c s r t R s hews a cl i t ny a m o 2Shoul DI d RECTV c et s k o yt mi mum a hoos o ee nl he ni mountofsautl da ges sl, pe vi a i t r tt o' ma - ooo r olton- hee y woudb n t n lt frajr t d cd , n smmayj d me th nwo l bea po rae BMG Muscv l e ohig et o uy o e ie a d u r u g n te ud p rp it. i . Go z lz 4 0 F.d 8 8 8 2 ( t Ci. 0 5 . n ae , 3 3 8 , 9 7 h r 2 0 ) a t lda c ua mage ,eeci a a r ofsa u or da a sofbewe n $1000 a $1 000pe s l tng n wa d tt t y m ge t e , nd 0, r v oain.Se o d,o lwigtec u tse rirs mmayj d me tn ln , RECTV ei n ts i lto c n f lo n h o r' ale u r u g n zi g DI l ae mi af cualis by lm ii isdn ag cli t t t yea perod prort t da eDI a t s ue i tng t m es am o he wo r i i o he t RECTV fl d s t Thid,DI ie ui. r RECTV de lnest pur ue e nc d sa ut y da a f a w il u c i o s nha e t t or m ges or lf l vo ainu e 4 U. C. 6 5 e( )C)i) tu ei nai a poe ta fcu l su a t ilto nd r 7 S. j 0 ()3 ( (i,h s lmi t ny tn il a ta is e s o ng w il ul s D I lf nes . RECTV c ai s t e lm ia i l a no f c ua i s t be r s ved a t l m hes i t tons e ve a t l s ue o e ol so da a . m ges The Coly def nt diag e ,a ncng t e a gum e si s e enda s s r e dva i hr e r nt n uppor oft i poston t her ii ta s mma yj d me ti n t p o rae Fis,h ya g t a te aee tte t h v aj r h t u r u g n s o a prp it. rtt e r ue h t h y r n i d o a e u y l de e mi t a t r ne he mountofsaut r damage t bea r d.Se tt o y so wa de cond, he a guet tt y a e t y r ha he r potntalyla ef onl onej605( vi ai Thid,t yar t ti t c tc l e i l ibl or y a) olton. r he gue ha f he our oncudes t tt y a e la e f m uli e vi a i , he da a s a a de s d r l c DI ha he r i bl or tpl ol tons t m ge w r d houl ete t RECTV ' S a t ll s a bea t 1 w e oft sa u or r nge.Thefr ta t r a gtne sr iedby c ua os es nd t he o nd he t t t y a is nd hid r u nt a s t Coly def nda sconc r t is oft r he e e nt e n he s ue he angeofsaut y da t t or mage t be a r d f e c so wa de or a h vi a i , he s c a gum e c e ns t num be ofvi a i ns The c t ilfr tadd es ol ton' t e ond r nt onc r he r ol to . our w l i s r s t is ss r he s ue ur oundi t s a ut y r nge ofdn age pervi a i bef e t ni t t i s of ng he t t or a m s ol ton or ur ng o he s ue t numbe ofvi a i . he r oltons l l. Th Coe d fn a t frtag et a s mmayj d me t sia pr p it b c u et e e ly ee d ns is r u h t u r u g n i n p o rae e a s h y h v ac nsi to a rg t oaj r tilo DI a e o tt in l ih t u y ra n RECTV' cam frsauo y d ma e , eyn u S li o tttr a g s r lig pr nc paly t U nied St t s Supr m e Cour ' de s on i Fe t rv.Col bi Pi t e i i l he t ae e ts ci i n lne um a c ur s Tee som l ,5 U. 340( 998) l Felne ,t Cour hedt taCopyrg Ac ltg tha lvii nc. 23 S. 1 . n t r he t l ha iht tiian s arghtt aj yti t rt Se nt Ame me ,ç c i l arg t aj y i o ur ralmde he ve h nd nt t h ncudes iht o ur whi um a c ur ued t de e mi ton oft a ountofsa ut r da ag . L a at342.Col bi Pit ess Felner t r nai he m tt o y m es' d ' . . t mdert Copyrg Ac f una horze br dca tng ofs r ofisco i ht d t lvii he i ht t or ut i d oa si eve al t pyrg e ee son s o .Thedsrc c u t e ln dFet e ' r q s fraj r til nt is eo sau oy h ws itit o r d cie l rs e uet o u y ra o he su f ttt r n dn a ,nsea co uci abe h til TheSupr me Co tso ni s m ges i t d nd tng nc ra . e ur ' pi on umm ri dt ze he pr e ngsa t dit i c ta f l s oce di t he s rct our s olow : Afe t da so til t e tilj g h l ta e c e io e o tr wo y f ra, h ra ud e ed h t a h ps d f e c s res c tt e a s pa a e wor a t tt aii oft a h e i onsiutd e z t k nd ha he rng he s m e e s by dif r ntsatonsc r l by Fe t rc tt e a pi ode fe e t i ont oled lne onsiut d s p rt vo ains a c r igy t e tilj d e d tr n d t a e aae ilto ; c o dn l h ra u g eemie h t t r ha be n at a of440 a t ofi rngeme . Thetilj e hee d e otl cs nfi nt ra udg f rher f ut ound t t Fe t r s i r nge e t w a w ilul a fxed ha lne ' nf i m n s lf nd i sa ut y dn a s a $20, pe a tof i rnge nt Appl ng tt or m ge t 000 r c nfi me . yi t ta u tt t en mb ro a t o ifi e n ,tetil u g ha mo n o h u e f cs f n rng me t h ra j d e de e m i d t tCol bi was e il t $8, 000 i saut y t r ne ha um a ntted o 800, n t t or dn a ,pl c t a a tr sf s m ges us oss nd to ney' ee . 5 U. a 344.TheNi h Cic tCour ofAppeasafr dt diti cou tsrj ci of 23 S. t nt r ui t l fime he srct r' ee ton Fet e ' rq e tfraj r d tr n to o sau o yd ma e .TheS p e Co r rv re ln rs e u s o u y eemi ai n f ttt r n g s u rme u t e es d, c n ld n t a t eS v nhAme d n e tte Fet e Soaj r d tnniai no t ea u t o cu i g h t h e e t n me t n ild ln r l u y ee n to f h mo n t ofs a ut y dam ag ., t t or es , 3 l s hol ng,t Co tfr tcons d r d whe he t Copyr g Actpr ded f ra rghtt n o di he ur is ie e t r he i ht ovi o i o j r til nt is o sauo yd ma e , o cu igt ti ddn t I t t e ad i i wo t u y ra o he sue f ttt r n g s c n ldn ha t i o . n ha r g r ,t s rh notng t tt s a ut y da a pr s on i t Com m uni to A c ,a i s i t i t nt i ha he t t or m ges ovi i n he ca i ns t t s ue n he ns a c e, os l t a kst l nguage oft Co r ghtA c . Bot s a ut s pr vi t tsa ut y as cl e y r c he a he py i t h t t e o de ha t t or d ma e ma b a r e wihnagv nrn ei stec u t o ie s u t' 1 U. C. a g s y e wad d t i ie a g ' h o r c nsd r j s. 7 S. j a ' 504()1 a 47U. C.j605()3)C)i(I.TheFelnero ni notdt Sgj wod S r' c( ) nd S. e( ( ()1) t pi on e hatlthe r cou t i t sc ne t p e r t me nj d e n t u y'5 U. a 3 6 a dc n l d d twj tu n hi o tx a p as o a u g , o j r , 23 S. t 4 , n o cu e ,t e h s ' l 3Onr m a ,tej r i osdsauoyd ma e o $ .8miin ColmbaPcu e Tee iin.n .v e nd h u y mp e tttr a g s f 316 lo , u i itrs lvso l c. . l tn o Br d atr of r n ha l c , 9 F.d 11 6, 1 ( t Ci. 0 ) r mid n o eo t eo d a a e i c r f l oa c si Bimi g m. n .25 3 8 1 9l 9 h r 2 01 , e n i g n f h l d g ,ç a e u m Be wha you wihf r ls i cometue. t s o,ctt r ' ' dic r nosaut yrg t aj ytilwhe acopy ihtowne ee t t rc rsaut y s en tt or iht o ur ra n rg r lcs o e ove tt or da ges' 1 a 3 ma . d. t 47. ' The Cour ne t ne t t c tt i li s . TheSe nt Am e t xt ur d o he ons iutona s ue ve h ndme pr dest t nt ovi ha Stl Suisa c çin t t ommo lw,whe et vauei c r ve s s l e ee t nt dolr ,herght na r he l n onto ry hal xe d we y la s t i o til yj r s lb p e ev d . .' U. Co s. me d. I Th rg t oj r tili n t f ra b u y hal e r s r e . . S. n t a n V1. e i h t u y ra ls o ' i lm ie t a tonst ta t l e s e a c m on l w , butext nds t ac i nsa ogoust r t ' i t d o c i ha c ualy xi t d t om a e o to nal he e o. ' J SnorsPr tons l s Or lna No.08- 468, 0W L 1 &J t oduci ,nc.v. ela , 05 201 576447,a * ( D. . t 2 N. Cal Apr 19, )( i Spi lv.Ga n,1 F. 853,855( hCi.1 )( tngTulv. . 2010 quotng neli ugha 2 3d 9t r 993 cii l Un td S ae , 1U. 41 41 ( 98 )) TheFete Co r tu a s se wh t e te ie tt s 48 S. 2, 7 1 7 ). l r u th s se s d eh r h n c opyr g c us ofac i w a Sa l ust c m o l w c us s ofa ton or narl de de i i ht a e ton s û na ogo o om n-a a e ci di iy ci d n Engls 1w c t i t l t 1 t c nt y,a o ih a ours n he ae 8 h e ur s ppos d t t ec t a iy hea d by c t of e o hos usom rl r ours e t o a rly. 523U. at348( i Grnfna i a S. v. dbe g, U. 33, quiy r dmiat ' ' S. quotng a i ncers A. Nor r 492 S. 42( 989)(ii Curi v.Loehe,41 U. 1 1 ( 974)) TheCour f ndt tt r wa 1 ctng ts t r 5 S. 89, 93 1 ). t ou ha hee s ( e a diec hit iale de et t u is bot asag rlmatrandi c i cass t ar nd r t sorc vi nc ha j re , h cl enea te n opyrght e , s tt a oun ofdn a s a a de a s e s ulpl ntf , 523 U . a 355,a c ude a a e he m t m ge w r d ucc s f ai i f' ' S. t nd oncl d s rs lt a %h S v nhAme me t r v d sarg t oaj l til n a1is e p rie t oa e ut h td e e e t t nd n p o i e ih t u' ra o 1 su s e t n t n y n a r ofsauor da gest rj50 c)oft Copyrg Ac,i udi t a untisl. wad ttt y ma mde 4( he iht t ncl ng he mo tef' ' Js I i no e rhyt tt Fourh Cic tCou tofAppe l e le rac dt sme t rui r as arir e he he a d4 t s two t ha he - c uson i an a ton s e ng saut r d gesunde t Copyrg Ac .Gnos osM uscv. oncl i n c i e ki t t o y ama r he i ht t s i M ike l .653F. 11 1 (t Ci.1 )($n o viw,hea i to oft s nt t n,nc, 2d 7, 21 4h r 981 ( ur e t pplcain he eve h l n n me tt t fcso t i c s ma d tsatil yj r '. me d n o he a t f hs a e n ae ra b u y.) ' 4l r c ngt sc uson, t Cour ditnguihe isea le decsoni Tulv. nied St e ,48lU . 41 n ea hi hi oncl i he S. 2 t si s d t rir ii n l U t ats - (98 )wh r ih l ta Co g esc ul c nsiuin l a toietilud e t ass tea u t cvi 1 7, ee t ed h t n rs o d o ttto al uh rz ra j g s o ses h mo n of i l y p n lisi aCla W ae Ac voainc s o tebai ta teewa n e ie c p ee tdi Tulta jre e ate n en tr t ilt ae n h ss h th r s o vd n e rsne n lh tu is o hit i l haddetnni d t a sorcaly e ne he moun ofcvi pe test bepai t t govenme a t ts h cvi pe tes t i l nali o d o he r nt nd ha uc i l nali coul bevi d ewedasa o nalgoust snt i i ac i na pr et ng.523 U. a 355. o c encng n rmi l oc di S. t Thus t lne hol t tacai f saut yda sunde j504()i as ta 1w t ,t t r ds ha l m or tt or mage Fe r c s ui t a o wh c tesve t a n me t p is Thsd e no me n, we e ,h taj r mus r s l e ih h e nh me d n a pl . i o s t a ho v rt a u y t eo v e e r diput . W he t r a eno diput ofm ae ilf t t c tma e e s ve y s e n he e r s es tra ac , he our y ntr umm a y r j d me t to tta g e sn teCo si to . BM G M u i v. n ae , 3 F.d 8 8 8 2 u g n wi u rns r sig h n tt in' h u ' sc Go z lz 4 0 3 8 , 9 (t Ci. ) Ast Se nt Cic te anedi BM G M usc: 7h r 2005 . he ve h rui xpli n i W e r d Fet ra e t ihi no mor (nd no l s t n t t ea lne s sabls ng e a es) ha ha c sst rj5 4 c a en r lcv la to s b e tt t n r l a e mde 0 ( ) r o ma ii cins u j c o he o ma al c to o f n to sb t e j d e a dj r . W h n t r i a lo ain f u cin ewe n u g n u y e hee s m a e i diput off c t be r s ve o di c e i t be e c s d t ral s e a t o e ol d r s r ton o xer i e i s lcig atn nca a r ,he et rsd i e tte t aj r ; n ee tn i a il wa d t n i ie s n ild o u y he i t r i no m ae il diput a a r l of l w e i naes f he e s tra s e nd ue a lmi t ds rto i s lcig t e rme y,te s mmay j g n i icein n ee tn h e d h n u r ud me t s pe s i e. nni sbl 430 F.d a 892- (ii Se es l v.Gil n Kniwea Co. 207 F.d 5 65 n. ( s Ci. 3 t 93 ctng crt. nc. lma t r , 3 6, 7 1t r 2000:. l s t f l wi Fe t r whe e a he e apl i ifs e saut y dn n hor, olo ng lne , r , s r , antf e ks t t or mage i a sn n u s cfe a u tu t t ern ea t rz db Co g e s aj r mu td cd wheei t t n pe iid mo n p o h a g uhoie y n r s, u y s e i e r n ha r nge t a a d dn a . Se Cur i v.Il i ton Ar s l . N o. 1 099J 201 W L a o w r m ges e ts lum na i t , nc , C 2LR, 3 3788609,a *6( . W as J y,1 201 (d- sco tagee wiht Se nt Cicui' t W D. h. ul 8, 3) sl -hi ur r s t he ve h r ts a ay i i BM G M u i, n a c r igymus d n P an ifsmoin frs mmayj d me t n lss n sc a d c o dn l t e y litf t o u r ug n o w ih r s tt a a a d ofm a m um s a ut y da age f D ef nda ' w ilulc t e pec o n w r xi t t or m s or e nt s lf opyr g i ht v oain .Thsi a is et ttec u t t e ev f rtej r .) Onteo h rh n wh r i lto s i s n su ha h o r mus r s r e o h u y' . h t e a d, ee ' apli ifs e onl t mi mum n untofsautr da es t r i noj yis a t antf e ks y he ni mo tt o y mag ,hee s ur sue nd he c r ma e trsl r u g n .BM G M u i, 0F.da 8 2. ou t y n e t mmayj d me t sc 43 3 t 9 Appl ng Fe t rand is pz ny t t s c e, he e a e t o i s s t be r ol d by t yi lne t oge o hi as t r r w s ue o es ve he cour. Fis ,doe Fe t r s c i r ton oft Copy i A c a pl t D I t rt s lne ' ons de a i he r ght t p y o RECTV ' c a m s S li 6 t rt Comm unia i Ac ? Se ond,e n i s , d t s c e pr e a ge ne i s sof mde he c tons t c ve f o oes hi as es nt ny nui s ue maeil a ts fce t owi sa d DI tra fc ufiin t t tn RECTV' mo infrs mma yj g n ? h S to o u r ud me t M os oft ot c t c i r ng t si s ha a w e ed t t r tq s i n i t t he her ours onsde i hi s ue ve ns r he i s ue to n he a tr a i Fo e m pl i J J Spor sv. r la , t court apty notng t tcaus ofacton fi m tve. r xa e, n & t O e l na he , l i hat d es i f r c bl pia a t i e c pton ofw ie e st a m i s ons di note s i t l t 1 t o a e r cy nd he nt r e i r l s r ns s i d xit n he a e 8 h c nu y'n n t ls c n ld dt t p ryh dt erg t oh v aj r d cd t ern eo e tr r o ehee s o cu e ha a a t a h ih t a e u y e ie h a g f ' sat or da a t be a a de 201 W L 1 t ut y m ges o w r d. 0 576447,a *3. The c ta l i d c a m s of t our na og ze l i ca e pia y t l t ndi c m on 1 w t t i vi i t r e e e w ih pr ry r g s s bl r c o ongs a ng om a or s nvol ng n e f r nc t ope t i ht , uch asc onve son. Theco ta s concude t ta a r ofsaut y da ri ur lo l d ha n wa d t t or magesi al ga , s e l as oppos d t an e t bl r m e r a oni asf l s e o quia e e dy, e s ng olow : H e e, he Cour fndsno r a on t de r f om t ge r lnze t t r t ti e s o pa t r he ne a l ha m o t r dn a ne a y m ges a e l l i na ur r ega n t e. Cong e s a r s dded t he sa ut y dn a pr s o w hie i w a c t t or m ges ovi i ns l t s once ne w ih de e r ng r d t tri pa tes f o s e i c bl t l s on s r i e . See ge r ly H .R. r i r m t alng a e e evi i e v c s ne a l Re No.98- 4,a 8 85 ( 98 ,rprntdj 1 U. C. A. p. 93 t 3- 1 4) e i e . 984 S. C. N. q 4655,472022. Thus a r a o bl a s pton i t t Congr s , e s na e s um i s ha es i e nt nded t s pr s ons t di c ta t f . Be aus r e e he e ovi i o s otr ge he t c e em di s i e nt nded t pt s we e ge r l is by cours of lw,t s o mih r ne aly s ued t a hi l gi l tve c e s e s a i ont xt uppors t c l i t tt s da a a e t he onc us on ha he e m ges r lga i naur Se Tul,481U. a 422( tngCuri v.Loehe , e l n t e. e l S. t cii ts tr 41 U. 1 1 ( 97 ) 5 S. 89, 97 1 4). 201 W L 1 0 576447,a *3. Re c ng t sc us on,t Or la c thel i ha t Se nt t a hi hi oncl i he e l na our d s t he ve h t Ame me t r s r e t erg tt jlytil nis e r ltdt Plitf sr q etf rsau oy nd n p e ev s h ih o t ra o su s eae o anif e u s o tttr r dnma unde jj553a 605.'I a 4. ges r nd ' d t 5 5I r c ng t sc uson, tec u tnOrla arjce tec nrr c n lso ra h di J eHa dP o to s n ea hi hi oncl i h o r i eln eetd h o tay o cu in ec e n o n r moin . l .v Ne o ,1 F. u p. d21 ( D. . 1 9 ) tn igiu p ruaie l Ne o ,h c u t eme asauo y nc . k s 8 S p 2 4 N. N Y. 9 8,i dn t n es sv . n k s te o r d e d tttr a r ofdamage u rj605t bea n t r siui a t e t ei naur Atl tonec t tFet r wa d s nde o ki o e tt ton, nd hus quiabl n t e. eas our pos- lne hast ken t s m e poston a di t N e c t SeeN a i lSa elie Spors I .v.Pr s d, F.Supp.2d a he a ii s d he kos our . tona t lt t. nc a ha 76 1 5 ( . F a 1 99 ( g e i gwi Ne o a dt ep eFet e d c so i S o e Ca l Co n c to sv. o ' 3 9 SD. l . 9 ) a r en t k s n h r - ln r e iin n t r r b e mmu iai n J e s h Pa eBa & Re tua t81 F. u p. 9 ( . Ky. 9 3 ,h tsauoyd ma e u e j6 5aersiuin r lc r sa rn, 9 S p 5 3 W D. 1 9 )ta tttr a g s nd r 0 r et to ay t a de utbei n tr afr i n rg tt j r d tr n to ) Th c ncuso ra h db teNe o a dPrsa n q i l n aue fo dng o ih o uy eemiain . e o l in e c e y h k s n ah d a c t hasnotc rid t da howeve , s e tdecsonsha f ours a re he y, r as ubs quen ii ve ound t nott bepe s i Se Ti hem o ruasve. e me Waf rCa l o Ne YokCivv Ne o a , 9 Ci. 91 NGMDG, 0 WL l 8 8 , t* ( D. Y. uy rl be f w r t . a v n No. 9 v 5 0 e ' 2 01 1 2 43 a 3 E. N. p l The s m e c l i w asr c by t c ti N a i na Sa elie Spors l v. o n onc us on ea hed he our n to l t lt t. nc. N FrlsRe tur ntI ,15F.Supp.2d 1 ( D.Fl 1 .Alolke ngc bl piac t il sa a . nc. 360 S. a. 998) s i ni a e r y o com m o l w i s onsofpr ry r gh s t N o Fr lsc tc l d t t n a nva i ope t i t , he il our onc ude ha : ( hei ee ti punihi vi aor a deerng ft ei tnce Tl ntrs n s ng olt s nd tri ' ur nsa s u of unl wf i e c pton of s t lt co mt cai a ul nt r e i aelie m mi tons sr y tongl i ca e t t r m e of e ed by s c i 605 i i d a l ga ndi t s hat he e dy f r e ton s ndee e l o . . . . Be us Pli tf s c e of a ton i a ogo t ne ca e a n if aus c i s nal us o c omm o lw s t f r i e f e e wih pr ry rg s whi h n a uis o ntrer nc t ope t i ht , c wee ti bef ejzisi co t oflw,and be aus t rme r red or lre n urs a c e he e dy t tPli if s e i l ali nalr ,De e nt a e e il d t a ha antf e ks s eg n tze f nda s r ntte o ti byjly. ral tr J .t1 64;s as J Spo t Pr tons I v. me z No.1 cv0866DM S ( #aa 363- ee lo &J rs oduci ,nc. Ji ne , 0 RBB) , 201 W L 463931 a *3( D. . v.8, 0)(1Tq Se nt Ame ntprs r t 0 4, t S. CalNo 201 6( he ve h ndme e eves he rg t oj r til o sauo yd ma ecamsu d rSe to s5 3a 6 55; o Ha d ih t u y ra f r ttt r a g li n e ci n 5 nd 0 .) J e n ' Pr tonsv.Lukio, C- 0- 209-F,201 W L 2854464,a *3( D.Ca. ul 20 201 omoi t No. 1 00 J 0 t N. lJ y , 0) (n ) Ti W anerCa eofNe Yor Ciyv. ovan, 99Ci 591 NGMDG,2001 sme ; me r bl w k t Nec No. v. 0 W L 1 8 4 a * ( D. Y. uy3 , 0 )(d ln rn c sa i rq rsaj r tili cams 1 28 3, t 6 E. N. J l 0 2 01 ç t e e e srl e uie u y ra n li Fe y f saut yda or tt or mage unde t Communiai Ac.) Ti W ane Ca eofNe YokCiv s r he c tons t'; me r r bl ' w r t v.Klne. vi & M a I , 00CI i Da s nn. nc.No. V2897KMW HBP,2000W L 18 63763, t*4( D. Y. a S. N. Dec 20,2000)(e ni ngt co tngagume st tacam f rsautr da esunde . rcog zi he mpei r nt ha li o tt oy mag r t Com m uni a i A c s ksa l l asoppos d t a equiabl r m e t c t nc ude he c tons t ee ega , e o n t e e dy, he our co l d ta Sr i gt i c s t aj r wil nslet a t erg t r vie b teS v nhAme me t s h t çy n h s ae o u y le t h t h ih p o d d y h e e t t r nd n i rc g ie a de f re t tef ls e tn wh l n rg t j siyteatr aiec u s ' ; e o n z d n n o c d o h ul t xe t ie o ih s u tf h len tv o re' e ) Nai lSaelt Spors I v.Cote ' Lounge.nc.88F.Su 2d 1 24,1 27( D. o. tona tlie t. nc. trs I , pp. 0 0 E. M 3 , 0 )(Ate t b c u t Ein Ne o a Prsa l odsig ihtepo et rg t p oe tdu d rte 0 2 01 t tmps y o rs ct g k s nd ah d t itn us h r p ry ihs rtce n e h t i Communiai Ac fom t eunde t c iht tade r orpae lwsma ltl s e.'; tonal c tons t r hos r he opyrg , r ma k tnt a ke ite ens ') Nai S tlt S rs l . . t rsLo n e I .8 F. u p. d 12 126( D. . 0 0 (ç h c uts aele pot.nc v Cot ' u a .nc, 8 S p 2 0 4, 0 E. Mo 2 0 ) çT)e o r i i e f u p ru d db teed cso s(eee cn So e, k sa dPrsa )a df st th rme yibet n es a e y h s e iin rfrn ig trrNe o n ah d n i ha te e d s s nd c aatrz da alg le d ' .Gie teS pe Co r' o no i Fet rtec u tie s i u p ru d d h rceie s e a rme y.) v n h u rme u t piin n l ,h o r l wie s n es a e ' s ne k b tec n l inrah di Ne o a dPrs dta t r i n rg tojr tilfracam o sauoyd ma e y h o cuso e c e n k s n aha h thee s o ih t u y ra o li f tttr a g s u rt Communiai Ac . nde he c tons t 2000)(t ca et r yt ti s s us he emed ha s oughtbypli ifi t prs ntg 6 1c s i l li Be antf n he e e j 05 a e s ega n n tr ,h d fn a ti e tt dt atil yj r u d rteS ve t Ame d n .) Th c u t au e t e e e d n s nil o ra b u y n e h e nh e n me t'. e o r ' tndst e dec s ons t be w el- ea o d a c tr t tt Se nt A m end e e il a i hes ii o lr s ne nd onc ls ha he ve h m nt nttes p lyt til yj r o acam f rsauo yd ma e wi nterng sto ti j6 5o t e a' o ra b u y n li o tt tr a g s t h a e e u n 0 f h t hi Com m uni a i Ac .6 c tons t Thi co l i doesnote t i uiy, s ncuson nd he nq r howe r a t r mus silbe age neis ve , s he e t tl nui s ue o maeil a ti d s u ef rtej r t d cd .DI f tra fc n ip t o h u y o e ie RECTV a g e t a t ec u t h ul a r r u s h t h o r s o d wad da mage ne rt hi h e oft sa ut y r nge ie.$1 000 pe vi a i whiet Col y s a he g nd he tt or a , . , 0, r olton, l he e 6DI RECTV' ef r t ditnguih Felne i isRe y Bre , Dkt #21 ,f l mie a y.DI S fo t o si s t r n t pl if . 2 ais s r bl RECTV cie f ca e t s our s s frtepo o iint t c u t yrs leis e o sauoyd ma so smmayj d me ti Co y ih Ac o o h r p st ha a o r ma e ov su s f tttr a ge n u r u g n n p rg t t r o CommuniatonsAc c es butnoneoft c escie a ehel ul Thr eoft c s ,Cabl/ c i t as , he as td r pf . e he a es eHomeCommuni to cain Cop v.NewokP o u to s lc, 0 F.d8 9( lhCi.1 9 )Mo lvMu i Co. DikSa e ' Plz r. t r r d cin .n .9 2 2 2 1 t r 9 0 ; re sc v. c tc vs aa Moe.n .7 5F.d1(s Ci.1 8 ) a dBleS a Mu i.n . Fits Suv y .n .8 1F. u p 3 .( D. tllc, 2 2 1t r 9 3 ; n u e s sc l c v. te- r e s lc, 3 S p . 6 N. l-s 3 Ga 1 9 )weea1 e ie b fr F l e a dtu aesbett q eto .Th fu t c s ctdb DI . 9 3, r ld cd d eoe et r n h s r u jc o u sin e o rh ae i y RECTV, n e Br dc s M usc.l v. e ti e Complx.l ,whiede ded a trFet r i no hepf l a t defnda ti oa a t i nc. Entranm nt e nc. l ci fe lne ,s t l u, s he e n n t tcs i ie hsrg toajr til nis e rg rigsa oyd ma sb hsfi r t ma eat l u y ha ae ç v d i ih t uy ra o su s e adn tmtr a ge y i al e o k i yj r wa u me d ma d' 1 8F. u p. l 91 1 9 ( D. a 2 0 ) Moe v r n n o te efu sauo yd ma e cs s e n . 9 S p 2d 2 , 2 4 N. Al. 0 2 . ro e, o e fh s o r tttr a g s ae ' a ie o oft FourhCicui,whi a i t Seve hA mendm e t cai sofsauor da a e n be o e rs ut he t r t ch ppled he nt nt o l m t tt y m ges ve f r Fet rwa d cd d.S eGn so Mu i v Mik n I .65 F.d11 , 21(t Ci. 98 ) l ne s e ie e o s s sc . te .nc, 3 2 7 1 4h r 1 1. Fu t r whieDI rhe , l RECTV ciesBM G M uscf t sr g f wa dpr ii t twhe et r a eno t i or he taihtor r oposton ha r hee r ds ue o maeilfc tec u t ye trsmmayj d me twi o trn ge sn t Co siuin,tfist ip ts f tra at h o r ma ne u r u g n t u ta s rsig he nttto i al o h r gniet tt pl ntf i BM G M uscs eco z ha he ai if n i oughtonl t mi mum a d ofsaut y da ges t ei na i y he ni war tt or ma ,hus lmi tng a yj r q eto 4 0F.da 8 2. n uy u sin. 3 3 t 9 DI CTV' ctto t Mirs h Co v I g & Bu iesS lto s Ic, CV 0 -8 7ABC ( ) RE S i in o co o p. .ma e a sn s ouin sn .No. 56 0 RCx, 2 0 WL 2 7 3 ( D. lMa 4, 0 )i p riual dic n et g.Th r,h c u t x rsl d cie t 07 8 44 0 C. Ca. y 20 7,s at lry so c ri c n ee te o r e p esy e l d o n f l BM G M uscbas d onea le Ni h Cic tp ec dent aposto whih wasundem i d by as eq olow i e rir nt rui r e , iin c r ne ubs uent Nit Cic td cso i Go t Lt. . s , 7F.d1 2 1 3 (t Ci. 0l )(( h S v nhAme d n nh rui e iin n pes d v Hie 65 3 0 4, 0 4 9h r 2 1 $T1e e e t ( n me t p o d sarg toa u ytil oha t l blya da t t a u to ata c p rg td ma e , v nto g te rvie ih t j r ra b t s o i ii n s o he mo n f cu l o y ih a g s e e h u h h a t c p rg tsaued e n ts po ie'.Noigti hsoy tec u tnCu t v IlmiainArs lc rc nl o y ih ttt o s o o rvd .) tn hs itr ,h o r i ri .l n t ' s u o t.n .e e t y sae t tçhi c tc tc udet t r tonaeoft Mir of cour t de deacl m unde t Copyrght ttd ha ç s our anno oncl hathe ai l he c os t to ci t ai r he i Ac frma mu sauoyd ma e o smmayj d me t e isva l. 2 1 WL 3 8 6 9a * n. ( . t o xi m tttr a g s n u r u g n rman ibe' 0 3 ' 7 8 0 t 6, 5 W D. W a h J l l , 01 ) s . uy 8 2 3 . Th o h rt r ec s sct db DI e t e h e a e i y RECTV, tn v M a e , 9 F.d 1 0 1 1 ( 0 hCi. 0 6 . r i e S a ko . h r 4l 3 1 7, 1 2 1 t r 2 0 ) Ga ve , v. t o Fo t l nBe c 3 6F.d l 8 ,1 9 ( 1hCi. 0 ) a P li v Kis f. Ci f r Wat ah, 6 3 1 6 1 0 1 t r20 4 , nd hi ps . d o tLLC, . v o * l No CCB-6 938 1 U. Dit LEXI 1656 ( M d. b.1 1 ,almist ma k,a no c er t is ofa 27, 999 S. s. S 4 D. Fe 7, 999) l s he r s ne onc ned he sue n awad ofsatt ydamage Stnko a Gar e i ol d cl m sofunco tt i tki ,a t s m m ay r t uor s. a nd vi nv ve ai nsiutonal a ngs nd he u r j d me tsu srs v db tec urc n en dt meiso toec s s Whl samo' d ma e weea albe u g n is e eole y h o t o cr e he rt f h s ae . ie tt l a g s r v ia l y i Phlp , c p rg ti rn e n c s,h c u t i n t e c ta iseb t ah rg a tds n il s a o y ih nfig me t a e te o r dd o ra h h t su u rte rne ummayj d me t n i r ug no t is ofwilul sba e on dee ntsadm itd c ngofpl ntf' m a dr ngsa ont numberof he sue lf nes s d fnda ' te opyi ai ifs ze awi nd he co i tvi ai ba edon c tuc i oft co i tsaue, pyrgh oltons s onsr ton hc pyrgh t tt 9 de e n sc e t tt dn f nda t ont nd ha he mage a de s d r fe tDI s war d houl e l c RECTV' acua l s a f l S t l os es nd al ne t 1w e Ast c s i pr e l posur Swj tnumbe bewe n g ,00a ar he o nd. he a e s esnty t ed,l ha g r t e $10 nd $1 ,0 p rv oain i ju t rc mp ns i aq sinf rtej r . .. BM G M u i, 3 00 0 e i lto q s s' e o e e s ueto o h u y . ' ' sc 4 0 F. a 8 On t ot rha we eDI 3d t 92. he he nd, r RECTV t e e tt r c ronl t saut r m i mum o l c o e ove y he t t o y ni a r o $10 0p rv oain n j r d tr n to wo l b n e e a t tern eo sau o y wad f ,0 e i lto , o u y eemi ai n u d e e d d s o h a g f ttt r da a s l ot rwor ,be us t lw r quiesa las $1000 i da a spe vi ai n, r m ge . n he ds ca e he a e r t e t , n m ge r ol to we e DI RECTV t el c t s e onl t sm i m ala o pe vi a i t r w oul no l rbe t o e t o e k y hi ni m unt r ol ton, he e d onge û a ma e i ldiput off c t ber s ve ordic e i t be e r s d i s l c i afna i a r t ra s e a t o e ol d s r ton o xe cie n e e tng i ncal wa d . . . (e d rn qs mma yj d me t. . n sil. 1 a 8 2 9 (iigSe rt. n . rn e ig u r u g n . pe nisb e' d. t 9 - 3 ctn c es l c v. ' Gil nKniwea Co.207F. 56,65n. ( tCi.2000) lma t r , 3d 7 1s r ) l sz ,t c t r e w ih t Col y def nda s fr ta gum e t tt Se nt n lm he our ag e s t he e e nt ' i s r nt ha he ve h Ame d n e tte te t h veaj r d cd wh trn eo sauo yd ma e t a pl. n me t n ils h m o a u y e ie a a g f tt tr a g s o p y Be us t pa te di a e a t whi h pori oft s a ut y r nge i a opra e t de t ca e he ri s s gr e s o c ton he t t or a s ppr i t m r he f c s oft sc e, he co tc nno r ac t t r a gum e r i ed by t Col y de e n st t at hi as t ur a t e h he hid r nt a s he e f nda t ha da a a r s d r fec DI m ges wa ded houl e l t RECTV ' a t ll s a be a t l e oft sa ut y S c ua os es nd t he ow nd he tt or rng , st i is emus b d cd db aj r a e a h s su t e e i e y u y. 111. Thepa te dia e a t t ntmbe ofj60 a vi ai frwhiht Coe ris s gre s o he l r 5() oltons o c he ly def nda ss d behel r ponsbl DI e nt houl d es i e. RECTV c e t t Coly def nda sa e la e ontnds hat he e e nt r ibl f a las 2, vi ai ofj605( , l t Colydefnda si itt tt yae or t e t 561 oltons a)whie he e e nt nss ha he r pot nta l la e f no m o e t n a sngl vi a i e i ly i bl or r ha i e ol ton. W ih r pec t t si s ,t f c sa e undi put d. A sde a l d i t co ts sunm a y t es t o hi s ue he a t r s e t ie n he ur ' t r j g n o no o la ii Dk . 20 ,h Coe d fn a t p o i e DI ud me t piin n ib ly, t# 3 te ly e e d n s r v d d RECTV t 10 pr r m i t 2, s c i runis a M as a t n Re or a w e e pa d a o m a e y og am ng o 561 ubs rbe t t s nute s t nd r i ppr xi t l $40, am o h Dkt.# 203,at6- 1 TheCol y de e nt onl r pore 1 oft eunist 000 nt e f nda s y e td 68 hes t o 7. . DI RECTV a pa d DI nd i RECTV ame e$2, am o h,poc tng t s t taldif r e.l r 078 nt ke i he ubsan i fe enc n s ,t Coly de e nt we epad m o hl s bs rbe f esf 2, s c i unisf um he e f nda s r i nt y u c i r e or 393 ubs rber t or whi h t m a no pa e t DI c hey de ym nt o RECTV . The Co e de e nt a gue t tt num be ofhous hol t whi h t y ta m i t t l y f nda s r ha he r e ds o c he r ns ted he piae sgna i notdeemi tveoft n rtd i l s tr nai he umbe ofj605()vi ai .Rahe ,he c e r a oltons t r t y ontnd t tbe a et y t e asngl d a nd'a asngl c bl i r tuc ur a M a s nute ha c us he t d i e he de us nd i e a e nfasr t e t s a tn Re or t r e ve a t a m i D I s t o ec i nd r ns t RECTV ' s t lt s g ,' e s 'M e . n Opp. o D I S a elie i nal' D f . m i t RECTV ' S M ot f Pari Summ . f Stt t y Da es Dkt # 211, t7,t y a er ponsbl a m os, . or tal J. or a u or mag , . a he r es i e, t t f S y one a tofsgna pia y. I or l onl c i l r c ' d. ' The Col y de e nt c t one c e i s e f nda s ie as n uppor oft s a gum e ,D I t hi r nt RECTV v.W e 5 bb, 45 F.d 837( hCi. ) butt tc s doesnots 3 9t r 2008, ha a e uppor t i poston.The e ScotW e ther ii r , t bb pur has t ha d r f aDI c ed he r wa e or RECTV s t m butne raci t a a coun orpa d yse ve tvaed n c t i DI RECTV f a s t lie t l vi i s gnal I t a he boug ffy- e n pia e ac e s de ce or a e lt e e son i . ns e d, ht i t s ve r t c s vi s a us d t m t u a f l r c i t DI nd e he o nl w uly e e ve he RECTV s g li hi ho e. The dit i tc tf i na n s m s rc our ound t tW e spos e son of ffy- e n pi a e a c sdevi esr s t d i t fy- e n s a ut y ha bb' s si it s ve r t c es c e ule n i t s ve t t or vo ai n , u t eNit Cic i ds g e d c n l dn ta W e b' S y tm wa c p b eo j s ilto s b t h nh rut ia re , o cu ig h t b s l se s a a l f u t s one s gna i e c pton no m a t r how m a de c s W e a t he t i. 545 F. a 845. i l nt r e i te ny vi e bb tac d o t' ' 3d t Rahe t n f uson t numbe ofpia ea e sde ce i W e spos es i t Ni h t r ha oc he r r t cc s vi s n bb' s son, he nt Cic tc ude t tt pr rf uss d be o how many sg l we epiae r s ng r ui oncl d ha he ope oc houl n i na s r r td, ea oni ' 1The25561tgu ec it of2>353s c i rt isa M asanutn m a dby Gr a Easen Re or M a gement i r onsss ubs rbe m t t s te nage e t tr s t na , l ,1 M ou ai i Vil s crbt unisa 40 i pt ntyowne homts nc. 68 nt nsde la ubs i r t nd nde nde l d . 11 a f l w s t he he W e us d one o ffy- e n de c t s e lDTV ' s gna , spe s s olo ' s t r bb e . W r it s ve vi es o t a S i l hi r onal u eo d v c si c n t to wi hi DTV h r waec n tttdo ev oain . .' l s f e ie n o jmcin t s h ad r o si e n i lto . . d. u ' The Coly defnda s r inc on W e mis st m a k f rt r as . Fis,t i e e nt ' ela e bb s e he r o wo e ons rt mlke i W e b,h Coe d fn a t d dn tse l stli tlviinsg a frj s o eh u e od. n b te ly e e d n s i o ta a aelt ee so in l o u t n o s h l e Ra he ,t t a m it pia e s t lt t l vi i s gna st 2, s c i rt is Se ond, t r hey r ns ted r t d a elie e e s on i l o 561 ubs rbe m t . c unlkeW e st f f rper o us ,t Co e def nda spr ie ha om ey by c lc i i bb' he t o s nal e he l y e nt oft d nds l ole tng t a ofDI hous nds RECTV s c i rf sfo t va i M a s nute pr tesa r mitnga ubs rbe ee r m he rous s a t n operi nd e ti mi s ul fa ton oft epay e st DI nic e r c i hos m nt o RECTV.I s tt Col de e nt c nnotpoc t n hor, he ey f nda s a ke DI RECTV s c i rf sfom 2, s c i runis r tf est DI ubs rbe ee r 561 ubs rbe t , emi e o RECTV f onl 168of or y t e t t,a s s t tt i aci co tt eonl onevi a i Thi i notac elke hes mis nd ugge t ha her tons nsiut y olton. s s as i W e wher t pia esol onesgna f rhi pe s lus l t sca e t Coly de e nt bb, e he r t t e i l o s r ona e. n hi s , he e f nda s pr ie by ta m itng t soln DI oft d r ns ti he t e RECTV sgnalt t us ndsofunis a avi ai n t i o ho a t , nd ol to ook pl e ea h tm e t Col y def nda stans it d t DI ac c i he e e nt r m te he RECTV s t lie t e son sgnalt a a e lt el vi i i o pe s outi a a horze c nnelofta m ison.W hiet Coly def nda spa d f ,a r on sde n ut i d ha r ns s i l he e e nt i or nd we e a horze t ta mi,t DI r ut i d o r ns t he RECTV sg lt 1 pe s ,t di notpa f r a we e i na o 68 rons hey d y o , nd r nota hor z d t ta m i,t DI ut i e o r ns t he RECTV s g lt t ot r 2, s c i runis i na o he he 393 ubs rbe t. l t sr r t Coly def nda s a g e t tt y e n hi ega d, he e e nt ' r um nt ha he ngage i onl onevi ai of dn y olton j6 5 a b c us t e o l r c i e o eDI 0 () e a e h y ny e ev d n RECTV sg a a t eM a s n te h a e i in l t h sa utn e d nd s undemi dbyt lng geoft saue.Onisf e j605()i vi ae e chtmet Coly r ne he a ua he ttt t ac , a s oltd a i he e def nt tans i D I enda s r m t RECTV ' s gnalt a pe s t o h a una hor z cha l l doe no Si o r on hr ug n ut i ed nne . t s t m a t t tt Col y de enda s onl r e ved t DI ter ha he e f nt y ec i he RECTV s t lie s g la a s ngl he de a e lt i na t i e a nd; t tt y w e e a ho i ed t do. W ha t y we e nota horze t do a w ha vi a est ha he r ut r z o t he r ut i d o nd t ol t he s a u e i t tt Col y de e nt t n t a m it d t s gna t 2, una hor z d s c i r t t t s ha he e f nda s he r ns te he i l o 393 ut i e ubs r be 12 * unis A st s a ut i vi a e e ch tm e t Col y def nda stans it d t pia e s gna t a t. he t t e s ol t d a i he e e nt r m te he r t d i l o pe s n t ough a una horze c nne ,t e denc es a i hes2, s pa a e vi a i oft r o hr n ut i d ha l he vi e t bls 393 e r t ol tons he s at e. t ut Fi ly,Felnerdoe no r quiet tt c ts nd t is oft numbe ofvi a i na l t s t e r ha he our e he s ue he r oltons t tej r a te ei n d s uea t ten mb rrq iigr s lto b atiro fc . o h u y s h r s o ip t s o h u e e u rn e ou in y re f a t Mor ve,i Felne , l t Cour r uie aj yt de i t a eo r n t r whie he t eq r d ur o cde he mountofsautr da ges tt o y ma t be a a de i a l w ed t di t i tc tt det r i t num be ofco i vi a i . The o w r d, t lo he sr c our o e m ne he r pyrght ol tons diti tc ti Fet rde e mi d t tt r ha be at a of440 acsofi rngeme a src our n lne t r ne ha he e d en ot l t nfi nt nd i e sa ut y dn a f wiluli rnge ntof$20, pe a ofi rnge nt W hie mpos d tt or m ges or lf nfi me 000 r ct nfi me . l t Supr m eCour vac t d t saut r da he e t a e he tt o y mage a r c l ngt tt Se nt s wa d, oncudi ha he ve h Ame d n p o ie arg tt j r til e et c p rg to e ee t t rc ve sau o y n me t r vd d ih o u y ra wh r he o y ih wn r lcs o e o r ttt r da s Sgl Co tl tundit bedt dititcour' fndi ...ha Fet ri la et mage ,ithe ur ef sur he src ts i ng t t lne s ibl o Col bi f 440 s pa a e i t nc ofco i ti rnge e .'Col bi Pi t esTe e s o um a or e r t ns a es pyr gh nf i m nt' um a c ur l vi i n v.Kr pt Br d. Bimi ha I ,1 F. 11 ,11 - (t Ci.1 ) The ei no y on oa of r ng m. nc. 52 3d 71 7172 9h r 998 . r s ge ne is ofma e i lf ti diput ast t sis i t i t ntc e, ndt co tfndst nui s ue t ra ac n s e o hi s ue n he nsa as a he ur i he Colydefnda st bela efr2, vi ai ofj605() e e nt o ibl o 393 oltons a. I . V Ac o dn l , RECTV' moin frpat l u r u g n f rsau o yd ma e c r ig y DI S to o ri s mmayj d me t o tttr a g s a a i tt Colydee nt ( t #209)i GRANTED I PART a DENI I PART. gans he e fnda s Dk. s N nd ED N TheColydefnda sa ela ef sautr dama f 2, vi ainsofj605a) i t e e nt r ibl or tt oy ges or 393 olto ( ,n he r ngebe we n $1, a $1 000pe vi ai n. W hiet r i no g ne is ofm ae i lf c a t e 000 nd 0, r ol to l he e s enui s ue tra a t i diput rgadi t nlmbe ofvi ains aj yi rquie t deemi wheewihi t n s e e r ng he l r olto , ur s e r d o tr ne r t n he s at ory range t dam ages f li t s case. t ut he al n hi 13 An a opra eOr rwilbee e e t sda ppr it de l nt r d hi y. Ete:( o //! nr / v ed ( 4/M - rX f.W V-C ' ' V ZM i hae F.Ur ki c l bans Unied St t DititJ t aes src udge 14

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