Antonetti v. Neven et al, No. 2:2008cv01020 - Document 24 (D. Nev. 2010)
Court Description: ORDER Granting in Part and Denying in Part 13 Motion to Dismiss and Granting 18 Motion to Strike 8 Complaint and 17 Surreply. Clerk of the Court shall detach and file the Amended Complaint attached to 5 Motion to Amend. Signed by Judge Kent J. Dawson on 9/27/10. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - ASB)
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Antonetti v. Neven et al Doc. 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 9 10 JOSEPH ANTONETTI, 11 Plaintiff, 12 v. 13 DWIGHT NEVEN, et al., 14 Case No. 2:08-CV-01020-KJD-LRL Defendants. ORDER 15 16 Presently before the Court is Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (#13). Plaintiff filed a response 17 in opposition (#15) to which Defendants replied (#16). Plaintiff then filed a Surreply (#17) without 18 leave of the Court. Also before the Court is Defendants’ Motion to Strike (#18) the Surreply to 19 which Plaintiff failed to respond. Having read and considered the motion to strike, and finding good 20 cause under Local Rule 7-2(d) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f), the Court grants 21 Defendants’ motion to strike. 22 I. Procedual History and Background 23 Plaintiff filed his initial complaint and application to proceed in forma pauperis on August 7, 24 2008. The magistrate judge approved Plaintiff’s application on September 4, 2008 and reserved 25 screening of Plaintiff’s initial complaint. On December 22, 2008, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Leave 26 to File Amended Complaint (#5). On September 16, 2009, the magistrate judge granted Plaintiff’s Dockets.Justia.com 1 motion to amend, screened Plaintiff’s proposed amended complaint and ordered it filed.1 The 2 magistrate properly disposed of several claims in the amended complaint and the Court denied (#23) 3 Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration of that action on May 17, 2010. 4 Defendants have now moved to dismiss claims made against them in their official capacities 5 for money damages, claims against Skolnik, Cox and Statler for lack of personal participation, and 6 claims for violation of Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment Due Process rights and Fourth Amendment 7 rights to be free from unreasonable search and seizure on qualified immunity grounds. 8 II. Standard for a Motion to Dismiss 9 In considering a motion to dismiss, “all well-pleaded allegations of material fact are taken as 10 true and construed in a light most favorable to the non-moving party.” Wyler Summit Partnership v. 11 Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., 135 F.3d 658, 661 (9th Cir. 1998) (citation omitted). 12 Consequently, there is a strong presumption against dismissing an action for failure to state a claim. 13 See Gilligan v. Jamco Dev. Corp., 108 F.3d 246, 249 (9th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted). 14 “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted 15 as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 16 1949 (2009) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Plausibility, in the 17 context of a motion to dismiss, means that the plaintiff has pleaded facts which allow “the court to 18 draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. 19 The Iqbal evaluation illustrates a two prong analysis. First, the Court identifies “the 20 allegations in the complaint that are not entitled to the assumption of truth,” that is, those allegations 21 which are legal conclusions, bare assertions, or merely conclusory. Id. at 1949-51. Second, the 22 Court considers the factual allegations “to determine if they plausibly suggest an entitlement to 23 24 1 25 26 Due to a clerical error, the Clerk of the Court filed Plaintiff’s initial complaint at Docket No. 8. The Clerk should have detached Plaintiff’s amended complaint attached to his Motion (#5). Accordingly, the Court will strike the initial complaint filed as Docket No. 8 and order the Clerk to detach and file the amended complaint which is the operative complaint. 2 1 relief.” Id. at 1951. If the allegations state plausible claims for relief, such claims survive the motion 2 to dismiss. Id. at 1950. 3 III. Analysis 4 A. Eleventh Amendment Immunity 5 Defendants claim that by being named in their official capacity in this suit, they are immune 6 from § 1983 liability under the Eleventh Amendment. “Claims under § 1983 are limited by the 7 scope of the Eleventh Amendment.” Doe v. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Laboratory, 131 F.3d 836, 8 839 (9th Cir. 1997). “The Amendment . . . enacts a sovereign immunity from suit, rather than a non- 9 waivable limit on the Federal Judiciary’s subject-matter jurisdiction.” Idaho v. Couer d’Alene Tribe, 10 521 U.S. 261, 267 (1997). “The Eleventh Amendment prohibits federal courts from hearing suits 11 brought against an unconsenting state. Though its language might suggest otherwise, the Eleventh 12 Amendment has long been construed to extend to suits brought against a state both by its own 13 citizens, as well as by citizens of other states.” Brooks v. Sulphur Springs Valley Elec. Coop., 951 14 F.2d 1050, 1053 (9th Cir. 1991) (citation omitted). “Absent waiver, neither a State nor agencies 15 acting under its control may be subject to suit in federal court.” Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer 16 Authority v. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 506 U.S. 139, 145 (1993) (quotations removed). 17 In Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, the Supreme Court held that “States or 18 governmental entities that are considered ‘arms of the State’ for Eleventh Amendment purposes” are 19 not “persons” under § 1983. 491 U.S. 58, 70 (1989). “Moreover, Will clarified that a suit against a 20 state official in his official capacity is no different from a suit against the State itself. Therefore, state 21 officials sued in their official capacities are not “persons” within the meaning of § 1983.” Doe, 131 22 F.3d at 839 (citations removed). In the instant case, Plaintiff asserts claims against the named 23 defendants in both their individual and official capacities. Accordingly, all claims brought in any 24 defendant’s official capacity are dismissed. 25 /// 26 /// 3 1 B. Lack of Personal Participation 2 Defendants also move to dismiss the claims against Defendants Howard Skolnik, James Cox, 3 and Jenny Statler2 for their lack of personal participation in the remaining claims. In order to be held 4 liable under Section 1983, a person acting under color of law must have personally participated in the 5 deprivation. See Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). “A supervisor is only liable for 6 the constitutional violations of his subordinates if the supervisor participated in or directed the 7 violations, or knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them.” Id., (citing Ybarra v. Reno 8 Thunderbird Mobile Home Village, 723 F.2d 675, 680-81 (9th Cir. 1984)). 9 Here, having reviewed the allegations of Plaintiff’s amended complaint, the Court finds no 10 allegations that Defendants Skolnik or Cox personally participated in or knew of any constitutional 11 violations involving Plaintiff. Accordingly, the Court dismisses the claims against Cox and Skolnik. 12 Defendants also assert that Defendant Statler, the law library supervisor, could not have 13 participated in Plaintiff’s allegations in Count I of the amended complaint that his eighth amendment 14 rights were violated when prison officials ignored his serious dental needs. However, Plaintiff’s 15 complaint alleges that Statler was aware of and ignored his serious medical needs. Additionally, 16 though Plaintiff need not submit evidence in support of his claims in opposition to the motion to 17 dismiss, as the Court assumes the truth of his factual allegations, Plaintiff has submitted a copy of a 18 grievance complaining of his dental problems that was denied by Statler. Accordingly, the Court 19 must deny the motion to dismiss this claim against Statler. 20 C. Qualified Immunity 21 The defense of qualified immunity is available if the official’s conduct is objectively 22 reasonable “as measured by reference to clearly established law.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 23 800, 818 (1982). A defendant is entitled to summary judgment based on the defense of qualified 24 immunity only if, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, the facts as alleged do not 25 2 26 The magistrate judge dismissed all claims against Statler, a law library supervisor, for claims relating to Plaintiff’s access to the courts. 4 1 support a claim that the defendant violated clearly established law. Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 2 511, 528 (1985). This is a purely legal question. Id.; see also, Wood v. Ostrander, 879 F.2d 583, 591 3 (9th Cir. 1989). Qualified immunity provides “an entitlement not to stand trial or face the other 4 burdens of litigation, conditioned on the resolution of the essentially legal question.” Mitchell, 472 5 U.S. at 526. 6 Resolving the issue of qualified immunity involves a two-step inquiry. Clement v. Gomez, 7 298 F.3d 898, 903 (9th Cir. 2002) First, the Court must determine whether “[t]aken in the light most 8 favorable to the party asserting the injury, . . . the facts alleged show the officer's conduct violated a 9 constitutional right.” Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 201 (2001). A negative answer ends the 10 analysis, with qualified immunity protecting Defendants from liability. Id. “If a constitutional 11 violation occurred, a Court must further inquire whether the right was clearly established.” Clement, 12 298 F.3d at 903 (quoting Saucier, 533 U.S. at 201) (internal quotations removed). If the law did not 13 put the officials on notice that their conduct would be clearly unlawful, summary judgment based on 14 qualified immunity is appropriate. Saucier, 533 U.S. at 202. 15 1. Administrative Segregation and Due Process 16 The Court must grant Defendants’ motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims that 17 Defendants violated his Due Process rights in his classification as a “high risk prisoner (HRP)” and 18 his resulting confinement in administrative segregation. Defendants did not violate Plaintiff’s Due 19 Process rights, and even if a violation was found, it was not clearly established. 20 “Typically, administrative segregation in and of itself does not implicate a protected 21 liberty interest.” Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 1078 (9th Cir. 2003)(citing Sandin v. Connor, 22 515 U.S. 472, 486 (1995)); Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 449 (9th Cir. 2000)(holding that pre- 23 sentencing prisoner had no liberty interest in being free from administrative segregation); Wagner v. 24 Hanks, 128 F.3d 1173, 1174 (7th Cir. 1997)(it would be difficult to make disciplinary segregation 25 more restrictive than the general conditions of confinement to count as an atypical and significant 26 hardship). In this action, Plaintiff has pointed to no facts that would convert his classification and 5 1 confinement in administrative segregation into an “atypical and significant hardship”. Serrano, 345 2 F.3d at 1078. Plaintiff’s complaints are unlike the disabled plaintiff in Serrano, who was denied the 3 use of his wheelchair, was confined in housing that was not designed for use by the disabled which 4 affected his daily hygiene, toileting and sleeping, and was forced to drag himself around a vermin 5 and cockroach-infested floor. The isolative inconveniences complained of by Plaintiff pale in 6 comparison to those suffered in Serrano. In fact, the hardships complained of by Plaintiff, including 7 isolation, difficulty accessing the law library, showering, and strip searches, are not “unexpected.” 8 Id. at 1079, n.6. 9 However, even if Plaintiff had a liberty interest in his classification and assignment 10 under the facts of this action, the Court would still grant qualified immunity to Defendants, because 11 none of the conditions Plaintiff complains of have been found by a court in this circuit to be an 12 atypical and significant hardship that creates a liberty interest in a prisoner’s classification and 13 assignment. Accordingly, since no Constitutional right has been violated and, even if it had been 14 violated, no clearly established law prevented the conduct, the Court must grant qualified immunity 15 and dismiss Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants. 16 2. Qualified Immunity and Strip Searches under the Fourth Amendment 17 The Court must grant Defendants’ motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims that 18 Defendants violated his Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches. Defendants 19 did not violate Plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment rights, and even if a violation was found, it was not 20 clearly established. Here, Plaintiff asserts that strip searches conducted in his cell and in a shower 21 stall every time he left his cell violated his Fourth Amendment rights to be free from unreasonable 22 searches. 23 The searches Plaintiff complains of are no more unreasonable than those described in 24 Michenfelder v. Sumner, 860 F.2d 328 (9th Cir. 1988) in which the Ninth Circuit held that the 25 Fourth Amendment was not violated by Nevada State Prison’s strip search policy which also 26 required visual body cavity searches whenever an inmate left or returned to the prisoner’s unit, from 6 1 recreation and contact visits. Like in Michenfelder, no contact between the prisoner and guards is 2 being alleged in this case. Similarly, Rickman v. Avanti, 854 F.2d 327, 328 (9th Cir. 1988), found 3 visual body cavity searches of prisoners in administrative segregation reasonable. Like the searches 4 in those cases, the searches in this case are alleged to be conducted in as much privacy (Plaintiff’s 5 cell and a shower stall) as reasonably possible. Plaintiff’s subjective distaste does not override the 6 prison’s important objectives in maintaining safety and avoiding introduction of contraband. See id.; 7 Michenfelder, 860 F.2d at 332-3 (collecting cases).3 Plaintiff’s privacy rights, which are “impelled 8 by elementary self-respect and personal dignity”, are limited. Michenfelder, 860 F.2d at 333. The 9 regulations here reasonably relate to legitimate penological interests. See Turner v. Safely, 428 U.S. 10 78 (1987). Thus, no constitutional right has been violated, and even if a right had been violated, the 11 officers were not put on notice that their actions were unlawful. Accordingly, the Court grants 12 Defendants’ motion to dismiss this claim, because Defendants are entitled to qualified immunity. 13 IV. Conclusion 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (#13) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the claims against Defendants in their official capacities are DISMISSED; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the claims against Defendants Cox and Skolnik are DISMISSED; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the motion to dismiss the Eighth Amendment claims against Defendant Statler is DENIED; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff’s claims for violations of Due Process and the Fourth Amendment are DISMISSED; 24 3 25 26 Just as Plaintiff’s subjective distaste for disrobing in front of others does not override the prison’s legitimate interest in maintaining safety and security, he cannot create a constitutional violation based on his subjective belief that Defendant Aragon is homosexual. Plaintiff has alleged no specific action by Aragon, other than conducting the strip search. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s subjective belief does not preclude the Court from granting Aragon qualified immunity. 7 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants’ Motion to Strike (#18) is GRANTED; 2 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court STRIKE Plaintiff’s Surreply 3 4 (#17) and the complaint (#8); IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court detach and file the Amended 5 Complaint attached to Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend (#5). 6 DATED this 27th day of September 2010. 7 8 9 10 _____________________________ Kent J. Dawson United States District Judge 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 8
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