Jaiyeola v. Toyota Motor North America, Inc. et al, No. 1:2017cv00562 - Document 304 (W.D. Mich. 2019)
Court Description: OPINION AND ORDER APPROVING AND ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION 260 ; Plaintiff's appeal 252 is DENIED; Plaintiff's motions 264 , 265 , 266 , 268 , 277 , 279 , 281 , 283 , and 285 are DENIED as moot; Judgment to issue; signed by Judge Janet T. Neff (Judge Janet T. Neff, clb)
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Jaiyeola v. Toyota Motor North America, Inc. et al Doc. 304 WPKVGF UVCVGU FKUVTKEV EQWTV YGUVGTP FKUVTKEV QH OKEJKICP UQWVJGTP FKXKUKQP ICPK[W C[KPNC LCK[GQNC. Rnckpvkhh. Ecug Pq0 3<39/ex/784 x0 JQP0 LCPGV V0 PGHH VQ[QVC OQVQT PQTVJ COGTKEC. KPE0. gv cn0. Fghgpfcpvu0 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa1 QRKPKQP CPF QTFGT Vjku ocvvgt ku dghqtg vjg Eqwtv qp RnckpvkhhÓu Crrgcn *GEH Pq0 474+ qh c Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig qtfgt fgp{kpi tgeqpukfgtcvkqp. cpf RnckpvkhhÓu Qdlgevkqpu *GEH Pq0 4;3+ vq c Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp qh vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig. tgeqoogpfkpi vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu Oqvkqp hqt Uwooct{ Lwfiogpv dg fgpkgf= FghgpfcpvuÓ Oqvkqp hqt Uwooct{ Lwfiogpv dg itcpvgf= cpf vjku ecug dg vgtokpcvgf0 Rnckpvkhh jcu cnuq ukpeg hkngf pkpg cffkvkqpcn xctkqwu oqvkqpu. kpenwfkpi hqt hwtvjgt tgeqpukfgtcvkqp cpf ucpevkqpu0 Vjg Eqwtv jcu tgxkgygf vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu qtfgt hqt gttqt cpf jcu rgthqtogf fg pqxq eqpukfgtcvkqp qh vjqug rqtvkqpu qh vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp vq yjkej qdlgevkqp jcu dggp ocfg0 See 4: W0U0E0 ¸ 858*d+*3+ cpf HGF0 T0 EKX0 R0 94*d+*5+0 Vjg Eqwtv fgpkgu vjg Crrgcn cpf vjg Qdlgevkqpu0 Pqpg qh RnckpvkhhÓu xctkqwu uwdugswgpv oqvkqpu chhgev vjku tguwnv. cpf vjg{ ctg vjgtghqtg fgpkgf cu oqqv0 Vjku ecug ku rtqrgtn{ vgtokpcvgf0 K0 RnckpvkhhÓu Crrgcn Rnckpvkhh crrgcnu vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu qtfgt fgp{kpi RnckpvkhhÓu oqvkqp hqt tgeqpukfgtcvkqp qh Rnckpvkhh cu cp gzrgtv ykvpguu kp vjku ecug0 Vjku Eqwtv yknn tgxgtug cp qtfgt qh Dockets.Justia.com vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig qpn{ yjgtg kv ku ujqyp vjcv vjg fgekukqp ku Ðengctn{ gttqpgqwu qt eqpvtct{ vq ncy0Ñ 4: W0U0E0 ' 858*d+*3+*C+= see also HGF0 T0 EKX0 R0 94*c+= Y0F0 Okej0 NEkxT 9405*c+0 ÐÒC hkpfkpi ku Òengctn{ gttqpgqwuÓ yjgp. cnvjqwij vjgtg ku gxkfgpeg vq uwrrqtv kv. vjg tgxkgykpi eqwtv qp vjg gpvktg gxkfgpeg ku nghv ykvj vjg fghkpkvg cpf hkto eqpxkevkqp vjcv c okuvcmg jcu dggp eqookvvgf0ÓÑ United States v. 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Rnckpvkhh cempqyngfigu vjcv jg ycu wpvkogn{ kp kfgpvkh{kpi jkougnh cu cp gzrgtv. cpf ctiwgu jku wpvkognkpguu ycu jctonguu *id0 cv RcigKF08352+0 Rnckpvkhh jcu hckngf vq ujqy vjcv vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu qtfgt ycu engctn{ gttqpgqwu qt eqpvtct{ vq ncy cpf vjcv Fghgpfcpvu ygtg pqv rtglwfkegf d{ jku wpvkognkpguu0 Cu ugv hqtvj kp FghgpfcpvuÓ Tgurqpug *GEH Pq0 494+. vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu fgekukqp ku hwnn{ uwrrqtvgf d{ vjg tgeqtf0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig pqvgf vjcv Rnckpvkhh eqpegfgf jku Twng 48*c+*3+ fkuenquwtgu ygtg wpvkogn{. dwv ctiwgf vjcv Fghgpfcpvu ygtg pqv rtglwfkegf d{ RnckpvkhhÓu wpvkogn{ cvvgorv vq kfgpvkh{ jkougnh cu cp gzrgtv ykvpguu *GEH Pq0 467 cv RcigKF07938+0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig hwtvjgt pqvgf vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu wpvkogn{ fkuenquwtg fkf pqv eqorn{ ykvj vjg tgswktgogpvu qh Twng 48. cpf vjcv vjg fkuenquwtg owuv dg ceeqorcpkgf d{ c ytkvvgp tgrqtv. cu gzrtguun{ tgswktgf kp vjg Ecug Ocpcigogpv Qtfgt *id0+0 RnckpvkhhÓu hcknwtg vq rtqxkfg vjg tgswkukvg gzrgtv tgrqtv ycu rtglwfkekcn vq Fghgpfcpvu *id0 cv RcigKF07939+0 Oqtgqxgt. RnckpvkhhÓu hcknwtg vq rtqxkfg vjg ytkvvgp tgrqtv ycu 4 eqpvkpwkpi. cpf vjgtghqtg vjg rtglwfkeg vq Fghgpfcpvu eqpvkpwgf *id0+0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig rtqrgtn{ fgpkgf tgeqpukfgtcvkqpÏRnckpvkhh hckngf vq Ðfgoqpuvtcvg c rcnrcdng fghgev d{ yjkej vjg Eqwtv cpf vjg rctvkgu jcxg dggp okungfÑ cpf. vjcv Ðc fkhhgtgpv fkurqukvkqp qh vjg ecug owuv tguwnv htqo c eqttgevkqp vjgtgqh0Ñ Y0F0Okej0 NEkxT 906*c+ *see GEH Pq0 467 cv RcigKF07938+0 Rnckpvkhh ocmgu cffkvkqpcn ctiwogpvu. uwej cu vjcv vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig gttgf kp vtgcvkpi FghgpfcpvuÓ qdlgevkqp vq Rnckpvkhh kfgpvkh{kpi jkougnh cu cp gzrgtv. cu c oqvkqp. dwv pqpg qh vjgug ctiwogpvu ejcpig vjg qwveqog0 RnckpvkhhÓu Crrgcn ku fgpkgf0 KK0 RnckpvkhhÓu Qdlgevkqpu Chvgt ngpivj{ rtqeggfkpiu kp vjku ecug. vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig kuuwgf c Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp. tgeqoogpfkpi vjcv FghgpfcpvuÓ oqvkqp hqt uwooct{ lwfiogpv dg itcpvgf cpf RnckpvkhhÓu oqvkqp hqt uwooct{ lwfiogpv dg fgpkgf0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig fgvgtokpgf vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu enckou. hqt *3+ pginkigpv rtqfwevkqp= *4+ dtgcej qh kornkgf ycttcpv{= *5+ itquu pginkigpeg= *6+ dtgcej qh gzrtguu ycttcpv{= cpf *7+ hcknwtg vq yctp. ygtg kp ghhgev. c rtqfwev nkcdknkv{ cevkqp. cu Rnckpvkhh cempqyngfigf *GEH Pq0 482 cv RcigKF083:;/83;2+0 Jqygxgt. Rnckpvkhh jcf hckngf vq uwdokv cp{ gzrgtv vguvkoqp{ qt gzrgtv gxkfgpeg kp uwrrqtv qh jku enckou. cu tgswktgf vq ockpvckp c rtqfwev nkcdknkv{ cevkqp wpfgt Okejkicp ncy *id0 cv RcigKF083;2+0 Vjg qpn{ ÐgxkfgpegÑ ekvgf d{ Rnckpvkhh ycu jku qyp Ðgzrgtv tgrqtv.Ñ yjkej ycu jgnf kpcfokuukdng *id0+0 Vjwu. Rnckpvkhh jcf hckngf vq rtgugpv qt kfgpvkh{ cp{ cfokuukdng gxkfgpeg etgcvkpi c igpwkpg hcevwcn fkurwvg pgeguukvcvkpi c vtkcn. cpf Fghgpfcpvu ygtg gpvkvngf vq uwooct{ lwfiogpv *id0+0 Rnckpvkhh ugvu hqtvj hqwt qdlgevkqpu vq vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp< *3+ vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig ujqwnf jcxg tgewugf jgtugnh htqo vjku ecug dghqtg vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp ycu hkngf= *4+ vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp ycu rtgocvwtg dgecwug kv ycu hkngf dghqtg ocp{ qh RnckpvkhhÓu rngcfkpiu= *5+ vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig hckngf vq rtqrgtn{ crrn{ vjg uwooct{ lwfiogpv 5 uvcpfctfu kp cpcn{|kpi vjg rctvkguÓ etquu/oqvkqpu= cpf *6+ vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig fgpkgf RnckpvkhhÓu jku fwg rtqeguu tkijvu d{ pqv crrn{kpi cp{ ngicn uvcpfctf qt cpcn{uku vq dcem wr vjg tgeqoogpfcvkqp vjcv vjku ecug dg Ðvgtokpcvgf0Ñ Pqpg qh vjg ctiwogpvu tckugf d{ Rnckpvkhh kp jku qdlgevkqpu wpfgtokpgu vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu cpcn{uku qt eqpenwukqp vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu uwduvcpvkxg ngicn enckou hckn cu c ocvvgt qh ncy0 Cu ugv hqtvj kp FghgpfcpvuÓ Tgurqpug. pqvjkpi qh tgeqtf guvcdnkujgu rgtuqpcn dkcu qt rtglwfkeg uwej vjcv vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig ycu tgswktgf vq tgewug jgtugnh htqo vjku ecug0 Cv oquv. Rnckpvkhh vcmgu kuuwg ykvj vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu cfxgtug twnkpiu0 Ð]L_wfkekcn twnkpiu cnqpg cnoquv pgxgt eqpuvkvwvg c xcnkf dcuku hqt c dkcu qt rctvkcnkv{ oqvkqp0Ñ Liteky v. United States. 732 W0U0 762. 777 *3;;6+= see Traficant v. C.I.R.. ::6 H04f 47:. 489 *8vj Ekt0 3;:;+0 Hwtvjgt. Rnckpvkhh hcknu vq ujqy jqy cp{ rngcfkpiu jg uwdokvvgfÏvjcv cnngigfn{ ygtg hkngf d{ vjg Engtm chvgt vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp qt vjcv ygtg pqv eqpukfgtgf d{ vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÏejcpig vjg qwveqog qh vjg uwduvcpvkxg ngicn enckou qt fgpkgf jko fwg rtqeguu ykvj tgurgev vq vjg etquu/oqvkqpu hqt uwooct{ lwfiogpv0 Vjku Eqwtv hkpfu pq ogtkv kp RnckpvkhhÓu ctiwogpv vjcv vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig hckngf vq rtqrgtn{ crrn{ vjg uvcpfctfu hqt uwooct{ lwfiogpv0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig ugv hqtvj. cpf eqttgevn{ crrnkgf. vjg uwooct{ lwfiogpv uvcpfctfu kp vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp *see GEH Pq0 482 cv RcigKF083::/83:;+0 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig rtqrgtn{ fgvgtokpgf vjcv vjgtg ycu pq Ðigpwkpg hcevwcn fkurwvg pgeguukvcvkpi c vtkcnÑ *id0 cv RcigKF083;2+0 RnckpvkhhÓu ogtg fkucitggogpv ykvj vjg qwveqog fqgu pqv guvcdnkuj c xcnkf qdlgevkqp0 Hkpcnn{. RnckpvkhhÓu qdlgevkqp vq vjg vgtokpcvkqp qh vjku ecug nkmgykug ku ykvjqwv ogtkv0 Jcxkpi fgvgtokpgf vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu ngicn enckou hckn. cpf Fghgpfcpvu ctg gpvkvngf vq uwooct{ lwfiogpv. vjku ecug ku rtqrgtn{ vgtokpcvgf0 6 Vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu fgekukqp ku uqwpf cpf ku uwrrqtvgf d{ vjg tgeqtf cpf vjg iqxgtpkpi ncy0 Vjgtghqtg. vjg Eqwtv fgpkgu vjg Qdlgevkqpu cpf cfqrvu vjg Ocikuvtcvg LwfigÓu Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp cu vjg Qrkpkqp qh vjku Eqwtv0 Vq vjg gzvgpv vjcv Rnckpvkhh tgnkgu qp jku in forma pauperis uvcvwu kp hwtvjgt nkvkicvkpi vjku ecug. vjg Eqwtv cnuq egtvkhkgu rwtuwcpv vq 4: W0U0E0 ¸ 3;37*c+*5+. vjcv cp crrgcn qh vjku Lwfiogpv yqwnf pqv dg vcmgp kp iqqf hckvj0 See McGore v. Wrigglesworth. 336 H05f 823. 832/33 *8vj Ekt0 3;;9+. qxgttwngf qp qvjgt itqwpfu d{ Jones v. Bock. 76; W0U0 3;;. 428. 433/34 *4229+0 KKK0 RnckpvkhhÓu Oqvkqpu Rnckpvkhh jcu hkngf pwogtqwu oqvkqpu hqt ngcxg vq uggm tgeqpukfgtcvkqp qh twnkpiu kp vjku ecug. cu ygnn cu hqt ucpevkqpu. vq ocmg cffkvkqpcn hknkpiu. cpf vq uvtkmg FghgpfcpvuÓ hknkpiu uwdugswgpv vq vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp0 Vjku ecug jcu dggp vjqtqwijn{ nkvkicvgf cpf rtqrgtn{ fgekfgf qp vjg tgeqtf0 Pqpg qh RnckpvkhhÓu rgpfkpi oqvkqpu chhgev vjg qwveqog cpf vjg{ ctg vjgtghqtg fgpkgf cu oqqv0 C Lwfiogpv yknn dg gpvgtgf eqpukuvgpv ykvj vjku Qrkpkqp cpf Qtfgt0 See Hgf0 T0 Ekx0 R0 7:0 Vjgtghqtg< KV KU JGTGD[ QTFGTGF vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu Crrgcn *GEH Pq0 474+ ku FGPKGF0 KV KU HWTVJGT QTFGTGF vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu Qdlgevkqpu *GEH Pq0 4;3+ ctg FGPKGF. cpf vjg Tgrqtv cpf Tgeqoogpfcvkqp qh vjg Ocikuvtcvg Lwfig *GEH Pq0 482+ ku CRRTQXGF cpf CFQRVGF cu vjg Qrkpkqp qh vjg Eqwtv0 KV KU HWTVJGT QTFGTGF vjcv RnckpvkhhÓu xctkqwu uwdugswgpv Oqvkqpu *GEH Pqu0 486. 487. 488. 48:. 499. 49;. 4:3. 4:5. 4:7+ ctg FGPKGF cu oqqv0 7 KV KU HWTVJGT QTFGTGF vjcv vjku Eqwtv egtvkhkgu rwtuwcpv vq 4: W0U0E0 ¸ 3;37*c+*5+ vjcv cp crrgcn qh vjku fgekukqp yqwnf pqv dg vcmgp kp iqqf hckvj0 KV KU HWTVJGT QTFGTGF vjcv Rnckpvkhh ku rncegf qp pqvkeg vjcv vjku ecug ku pqy VGTOKPCVGF wrqp gpvt{ qh vjku Qrkpkqp cpf Qtfgt cpf vjg Lwfiogpv. cpf kh Rnckpvkhh hkngu oqvkqpu. pqvkegu qt qvjgt fqewogpvu vjcv ncem cp{ crrtqrtkcvg ngicn cpf1qt hcevwcn dcuku chvgt vjku ecug ku vgtokpcvgf. uwej hknkpiu yknn dg uwooctkn{ fgpkgf qt tglgevgf d{ vjg Eqwtv0 1u1 Lcpgv V0 Pghh LCPGV V0 PGHH Wpkvgf Uvcvgu Fkuvtkev Lwfig Fcvgf< Cwiwuv 7. 423; 8
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