-AJB Sea Prestigio, LLC v. M/Y Triton et al, No. 3:2010cv02412 - Document 33 (S.D. Cal. 2010)
Court Description: ORDER denying 26 Motion to Vacate Order of Arrest. Signed by Judge Barry Ted Moskowitz on 12/22/10. (lao)
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-AJB Sea Prestigio, LLC v. M/Y Triton et al Doc. 33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SEA PRESTIGIO, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Case No. 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) ORDER DENYING MOTION TO VACATE ORDER OF ARREST 12 Plaintiff, 13 14 15 v. M/Y TRITON, et al., Defendant. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Defendants move to vacate an order of arrest pursuant to Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions E(4)(f). For the reasons that follow, Plaintiff has established probable cause for the order of arrest. Accordingly, Defendants motion to vacate the order is DENIED. BACKGROUND On June 30, 2010, the parties executed a loan agreement whereby Plaintiff Sea Prestigio, LLC, would loan Defendants $21 million in two disbursements. (Gonzalez Dec., Exh. D) Defendants executed a promissory note in the principal sum of $21 million concurrently with the loan agreement. (Opp. at 3; Gonzalez Dec., Exh. E) To secure payment, Defendants granted Plaintiff a preferred ship’s mortgage on the M/Y TRITON (“the vessel”), a 163-foot yacht, which would allow Plaintiff to take possession of the vessel in the event of default. (Id., Sec. 5.01) On June 30, 2010, Plaintiff paid the first 1 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) Dockets.Justia.com 1 2 3 4 5 6 $15.5 million disbursement into an escrow account. (Opp. at 15; Gonzalez Dec. at ¶ 15) The loan agreement contemplates that several actions taken by borrowers can result in default, including: (A) Borrowers fail to make any payment of principal or interest when due, or deposit funds demanded by Lender, pursuant to and under this Agreement, the Note or any other Loan Document; (B) The Conditions Precedent to Second Disbursement are not satisfied. 7 8 (Gonzalez Dec., Exh. D, Sec. 4.1)1 Conditions precedent to second disbursement include 9 in relevant part: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 (i) Borrowers’ representation and warranties set forth in this Agreement and all of the Loan Documents shall be true and correct as of the Second Disbursement Closing Date; (ii) there shall not exist any Event of Default under this Agreement or any of the Loan Documents; . . . (v) the Cabo Property Title Insurance Company shall have committed to issue Lender the Cabo Property Title Insurance Policy, subject to no liens, encumbrances or interests. (Id., Art. I) Plaintiff’s complaint for breach of contract to foreclose on a preferred ship’s mortgage and its ex parte application for an order authorizing arrest of the vessel is based, in part, on Defendants’ failure to pay interest on the loan. The parties do not dispute that Defendants made only one interest payment and refused to make subsequent payments.2 DISCUSSION 22 23 Supplemental Rule E(4)(f) provides that “[w]henever property is arrested or 24 25 26 27 1 Similarly, events of default under the promissory note are all related to borrower’s acts, such as “fail[ure] to make payment of any amount due under the Loan Agreement” or “fail[ure] to perform any other of its Obligations or covenants contained in this mortgage.” (Gonzalez Dec., Exh. E, Sec. 5.01) 2 28 Because the Court ultimately concludes that non-payment of interest establishes probable cause showing Plaintiff’s entitlement to a maritime lien, the Court need not address the parties’ contentions regarding other alleged events of default at this time. 2 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) 1 attached, any person claiming an interest in it shall be entitled to a prompt hearing at 2 which the plaintiff shall be required to show why the arrest or attachment should not be 3 vacated.” 4 The purpose of this hearing is not “to resolve definitively the dispute between the 5 parties, but only to make a preliminary determination whether there were reasonable 6 grounds for issuing the arrest warrant.” Lion de Mer v. M/V Loretta V, No. L-98-921, 1998 7 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10182, at *5 (D. Md. Apr. 3, 1998). “At this stage in the proceedings, 8 plaintiff merely needs to show ‘probable cause’ for the issuance of the warrant and writ.” 9 Del Mar Seafoods Inc. v. Cohen, No. C 07-02952, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 64426, at *7-8 10 (N.D. Cal. August 16, 2007). This “reasonable grounds/probable cause” requirement 11 “translates roughly to requiring that plaintiff show entitlement to a maritime lien.” Newport 12 News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. v. S.S. Independence, 872 F. Supp. 262, 265 (E.D. 13 Va. 1994). 14 I. Probable Cause 15 Defendants make two main arguments as to why their failure to make monthly 16 interest payments was justified. First, Defendants assert that Plaintiff agreed that the 17 second interest payment would be funded with the proceeds of the second disbursement, 18 relying on a September 2, 2010 email from Plaintiff’s counsel that states, “Since the 19 second disbursement should be made shortly, I suggest we make arrangements for the 20 [interest] charges to be paid directly out of escrow (or alternatively, we would deposit an 21 amount less these charges into escrow).” (Mem. at 11-12; Baldwin Dec., Exh. J) 22 Defendants assert that this arrangement was confirmed in a September 21, 2010 23 conversation between Plaintiff and Defendant Baldwin. (Baldwin Dec. ¶ 31) Second, 24 Defendants argue that Plaintiff breached the loan agreement by not making the second 25 disbursement, relieving Defendants from having to make any further interest payments. 26 (Mem. at 11) 27 28 Plaintiff, in turn, disputes that Defendants were excused from making interest payments on the loan. Plaintiff’s counsel declares that the suggestion that arrangements 3 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) 1 could be made to have interest payments deducted from the second disbursement “was 2 based upon my belief that all conditions precedent to the second disbursement would be 3 timely satisfied. At no time did Lenders ever waive the requirement that Defendants 4 needed to make their interest payments timely, or that they comply with all obligations 5 imposed under the Loan Documents.” (Gonzalez Dec. ¶ 25) Plaintiff also asserts that 6 contrary to Baldwin’s declaration, Plaintiff did not tell Defendants at the September 21, 7 2010 meeting that the outstanding interest payment could be made through the second 8 disbursement. (Gonzalez Dec. ¶ 37) 9 With respect to Defendant’s second argument, Plaintiff contends that Defendants 10 failed to meet several conditions precedent to Plaintiff’s second disbursement of $5.5 11 million. First, Plaintiff asserts that the condition that “the Cabo Property Title Insurance 12 Company shall have committed to issue Lender the Cabo Property Title Insurance Policy, 13 subject to no liens, encumbrances or interests” was not met. Although the Cabo 14 mortgage was executed on September 3, 2010, the Cabo mortgage was never perfected 15 because of a failure to pay Mexican Notary public fees. (Gonzalez Dec. at ¶ 22) 16 Moreover, Plaintiff points to several documents that could indicate that other conditions 17 precedent were not satisfied, such as an email from Defendant Spearfish’s treasurer that 18 there were liabilities owed on the Vessel, including $94,000 in wages for the vessel’s 19 crew–a fact that Plaintiff alleges conflicts with Defendants’ prior assertion that there were 20 no liabilities on the vessel. (Gonzalez Dec., at ¶ 29, Exh. P; see also id., Exh. N) 21 Under these facts, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has established probable 22 cause for the arrest of the vessel. Plaintiff disbursed $15.5 million to Defendants. 23 Defendants do not dispute that they refused to make interest payments on this loan. 24 Failure to make interest payments constitutes an “event of default” under the terms of the 25 contract, supporting foreclosure of the preferred ship’s mortgage. Although, as described 26 above, the parties vigorously dispute whether Defendants’ non-payment of interest was 27 justified, it is inappropriate to resolve this issue at a Rule E(4)(f) hearing. See Del Mar 28 Seafoods Inc., 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 64426, at *8 (“The purpose of a Rule E(4)(f) 4 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) 1 hearing, however, is not to resolve these factual disputes, but rather to assess whether 2 plaintiff's showing rises to the level of probable cause.”). Rather, the Court concludes that 3 Plaintiff has shown that an event of default has occurred under the loan agreement and 4 that Defendants have not clearly shown that they were justified in not making interest 5 payments.3 Accordingly, Plaintiff has met its burden of showing entitlement to a maritime 6 lien. 7 The Court emphasizes that its decision that Plaintiff established probable cause 8 does not definitively resolve any contested issue between the parties. The order is simply 9 a determination that reasonable grounds exist for the arrest. See Linea Naviera De 10 Cabotaje, C.A. v. Mar Caribe De Navigacion, C.A., No. 99-471-CIV-J-10C, No. 1999 U.S. 11 Dist. LEXIS 22501, at *19 (M.D. Fla. November 17, 1999). 12 II. Flight Risk 13 In support of its ex parte application for an order of arrest, Plaintiff asserted that 14 the vessel is a flight risk. Although Defendants do not explicitly invoke this provision, 15 Supplemental Rule C(3)(a)(ii) states, “The plaintiff has the burden in any post-arrest 16 hearing under Rule E(4)(f) to show that exigent circumstances existed.” 17 Defendants contend that Plaintiff’s showing was insufficient because “Prestigio has 18 only provided beliefs, understandings, and a single fact of removal of the rotor blades of 19 the Vessel’s helicopter to support its burden for maintaining the Warrant.” (Mem. at 13) 20 However, in its response, Plaintiff provides more substantial evidence to support a finding 21 of flight risk, including an email from the vessel’s captain stating that Defendant Baldwin 22 “has no intentions to stop in Seattle, and he is thinking that we can patch up in San Diego 23 24 25 26 27 28 3 Although the Court does not reach this issue, the Court notes that even if the factual issue regarding whether Plaintiff agreed to allow the second interest payment to be funded from the second disbursement is resolved in Defendants’ favor, Defendants may still be in breach of contract. The loan agreement contains an integration clause stating, “No modification, extension, discharge, termination or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents will be effective unless in writing, signed by the Person against whom enforcement is sought, and will be effective only in the specific instance for which it is given.” (Gonzalez Dec., Exh. D, Sec. 6.6) Defendants have not put forth an argument as to why parole evidence of an agreement to modify the contract should be admitted contrary to this integration clause. 5 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) 1 before heading south.” (Gonzalez Dec., Exh. O) Taken together, this evidence is 2 sufficient for Plaintiff to meet its burden to show that exigent circumstances existed to 3 support arrest of the vessel. 4 III. Equitable Vacatur 5 Defendants rely on ProShipLine Inc. v. Aspen Infrastructures Ltd., 609 F.3d 960 6 (9th Cir. 2010) for the proposition that the Court may vacate the order of arrest on 7 equitable grounds “despite the plaintiff having successfully made a prima facie showing of 8 entitlement to a writ of maritime attachment.” (Mem. at 14) There, the Ninth Circuit 9 provided that equitable vacatur may be appropriate where: 10 13 (1) the defendant is subject to suit in a convenient adjacent jurisdiction; (2) the plaintiff could obtain in personam jurisdiction over the defendant in the district where the plaintiff is located; or (3) the plaintiff has already obtained sufficient security for the potential judgment, by attachment or otherwise. 14 Id. at 969 (quoting Aqua Stoli Shipping Ltd. v. Gardner Smith Pty Ltd., 460 F.3d 434, 445 15 (2d Cir. 2006)). 11 12 16 However, as correctly pointed out by Plaintiff, ProShipLine discusses equitable 17 vacatur under Rule B of the Supplemental Rules, not Rule C– the provision used by 18 Plaintiff to seek an order of arrest. See also Aqua Stoli Shipping Ltd., 460 F.3d at 438 (2d 19 Cir. 2006) (applying equitable vacatur when assets were attached pursuant to Rule B). 20 Rule C states, “If the conditions for an in rem action appear to exist, the court must issue 21 an order directing the clerk to issue a warrant for the arrest of the vessel or other property 22 that is the subject of the action.” (emphasis added). By contrast, Rule B provides for 23 attachment of defendant’s personal property–up to the amount sued for–in in personam 24 actions when the defendant cannot be found in the district. Given the differences in text 25 and purpose of these rules, the Court declines Plaintiff’s invitation to extend ProShipLine 26 to consider equitable vacatur when an order of arrest is issued 27 \\ 28 \\ 6 10cv2412-BTM (AJB) 1 pursuant to Rule C. 2 3 4 CONCLUSION For the above-stated reasons, Defendants’ motion to vacate the order of arrest is DENIED. 5 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7 DATED: December 22, 2010 8 9 Honorable Barry Ted Moskowitz United States District Judge 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 7 10cv2412-BTM (AJB)
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