-KJN (PS) Hadden v. Bank of America Corporation et al, No. 2:2010cv02359 - Document 8 (E.D. Cal. 2010)
Court Description: ORDER and FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Kendall J. Newman on 12/20/2010. It is ORDERED that defendants' 5 Motion to Dismiss Heairng be VACATED; and Court is RECOMMENDING that case be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to FRCP 41(b) and Clerk close this case and vacate all future dates. Within 14 days after being served with these F/Rs, any party may file written Objections with Court and serve a copy on all parties. (Marciel, M)
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-KJN (PS) Hadden v. Bank of America Corporation et al Doc. 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 TREVA HADDEN, 11 Plaintiff, 12 13 No. 2:10-cv-02359 MCE KJN PS v. BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, et al., 14 ORDER and FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Defendants. 15 / 16 Presently before the court is defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint.1 17 18 Defendants filed their motion on September 9, 2010. Plaintiff has filed no written opposition, 19 statement of non-opposition, or other response to the pending motion despite being given 20 multiple opportunities to do so and clear warnings from the court that failure to do so could lead 21 to the involuntary dismissal of her lawsuit. For the reasons that follow, the undersigned 22 recommends that plaintiff’s action be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to Federal Rule of 23 Civil Procedure 41(b). 24 //// 25 1 26 This action proceeds before the undersigned pursuant to Eastern District of California Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 I. BACKGROUND On September 1, 2010, defendants removed this action to federal court.2 (Dkt. 2 3 No. 1.) On September 9, 2010, defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint 4 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and noticed its motion for a hearing to take 5 place before the undersigned on November 18, 2010. (Dkt. Nos. 5.) Pursuant to this court’s 6 Local Rules, plaintiff was obligated to file and serve a written opposition or statement of non- 7 opposition to defendants’ motion at least fourteen days prior to the hearing date, or November 4, 8 2010. See E. Dist. Local Rule 230(c).3 Plaintiff, who is proceeding without counsel, failed to 9 file a written opposition or statement of non-opposition with respect to defendants’ motion to 10 dismiss. 11 On November 9, 2010, and in response to plaintiff’s failure to file a response to 12 defendants’ motion, the undersigned entered an order that: (1) continued the hearing on 13 defendants’ motion to dismiss until December 30, 2010, and (2) required plaintiff to file a written 14 opposition or statement of non-opposition to defendants’ motion to dismiss on or before 15 December 16, 2010. (Order, Nov. 9, 2010, Dkt. No. 6.) That order states, in part: 16 Eastern District Local Rule 110 provides that “[f]ailure of counsel or of a party to comply with these Rules or with any order of the Court may be grounds for imposition by the Court of any and all sanctions authorized by statute or Rule or within the inherent power of the Court.” Moreover, Eastern District Local Rule 183(a) provides, in part: 17 18 19 20 2 The docket reveals that defendants served plaintiff with the notice of removal and several other relevant documents. (See Cert. of Service, Dkt. No. 4.) 21 3 Eastern District Local Rule 230(c) provides: 22 23 24 25 26 (c) Opposition and Non-Opposition. Opposition, if any, to the granting of the motion shall be in writing and shall be filed and served not less than fourteen (14) days preceding the noticed (or continued) hearing date. A responding party who has no opposition to the granting of the motion shall serve and file a statement to that effect, specifically designating the motion in question. No party will be entitled to be heard in opposition to a motion at oral arguments if opposition to the motion has not been timely filed by that party. . . . 2 1 Any individual representing himself or herself without an attorney is bound by the Federal Rules of Civil or Criminal Procedure, these Rules, and all other applicable law. All obligations placed on “counsel” by these Rules apply to individuals appearing in propria persona. Failure to comply therewith may be ground for dismissal . . . or any other sanction appropriate under these Rules. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 See also King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987) (“Pro se litigants must follow the same rules of procedure that govern other litigants.”). Case law is in accord that a district court may impose sanctions, including involuntary dismissal of a plaintiff’s case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), where that plaintiff fails to prosecute her case, fails to comply with the court’s orders, or fails to comply with the court’s local rules. See Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 44 (1991) (recognizing that a court “may act sua sponte to dismiss a suit for failure to prosecute”); Hells Canyon Preservation Council v. U.S. Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005) (stating that courts may dismiss an action pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) sua sponte for a plaintiff’s failure to prosecute or comply with the rules of civil procedure or the court’s orders); Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 53 (9th Cir. 1995) (per curiam) (“Failure to follow a district court’s local rules is a proper ground for dismissal.”); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992) (“Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), the district court may dismiss an action for failure to comply with any order of the court.”); Thompson v. Housing Auth. of City of L.A., 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th Cir. 1986) (per curiam) (stating that district courts have inherent power to control their dockets and may impose sanctions including dismissal). 16 (Id. at 2-3 (emphasis in original).) Later in that order, the court again warned plaintiff that: 17 “Plaintiff’s failure to file a written opposition may be deemed a statement of non-opposition to 18 the pending motion, and shall constitute an additional ground for the imposition of appropriate 19 sanctions, including a recommendation that plaintiff’s case be involuntarily dismissed pursuant 20 to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b).” (Id. at 3 (emphasis in original).) Thus, the court gave 21 plaintiff very clear warnings that her case could be dismissed for failure to prosecute her action 22 or her failure to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the court’s orders, or the 23 court’s Local Rules. 24 The court’s docket reveals that plaintiff has again failed to file a written 25 opposition or statement of non-opposition to defendants’ motion to dismiss. Plaintiff failed to do 26 so despite being given ample opportunity to do so and explicit warnings that the failure to file a 3 1 written opposition or statement of non-opposition would result in the dismissal of her lawsuit. 2 II. DISCUSSION 3 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), a district court may dismiss an 4 action for failure to prosecute, failure to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 5 failure to comply with the court’s local rules, or failure to comply with the court’s orders.4 See, 6 e.g., Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 44 (1991) (recognizing that a court “may act sua 7 sponte to dismiss a suit for failure to prosecute”); Hells Canyon Preservation Council v. U.S. 8 Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005) (recognizing that courts may dismiss an action 9 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) sua sponte for a plaintiff’s failure to prosecute 10 or comply with the rules of civil procedure or the court’s orders); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 11 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992) (“Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), the district court 12 may dismiss an action for failure to comply with any order of the court.”); Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 13 291 F.3d 639, 642-43 (9th Cir. 2002) (affirming district court’s dismissal of case for failure to 14 prosecute when habeas petitioner failed to file a first amended petition). This court’s Local 15 Rules are in accord. See E. Dist. Local Rule 110 (“Failure of counsel or of a party to comply 16 with these Rules or with any order of the Court may be grounds for imposition by the Court of 17 any and all sanctions authorized by statute or Rule or within the inherent power of the Court.”); 18 E. Dist. Local Rule 183(a) (providing that a pro se party’s failure to comply with the Federal 19 Rules of Civil Procedure, the court’s Local Rules, and other applicable law may support, among 20 other things, dismissal of that party’s action). 21 A court must weigh five factors in determining whether to dismiss a case for 22 failure to prosecute, failure to comply with a court order, or failure to comply with a district 23 court’s local rules. See, e.g., Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1260. Specifically, the court must consider: 24 25 26 4 Rule 41(b) provides, in part: “(b) Involuntary Dismissal; Effect. If the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order, a defendant may move to dismiss the action or any claim against it.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b). 4 1 2 3 (1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic alternatives. 4 Id. at 1260-61; accord Pagtalunan, 291 F.3d at 642-43; Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 53 (9th 5 Cir. 1995). The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that “[t]hese factors are not a series of 6 conditions precedent before the judge can do anything, but a way for a district judge to think 7 about what to do.” In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Prods. Liab. Litig., 460 F.3d 1217, 1226 8 (9th Cir. 2006). 9 Although involuntary dismissal can be a harsh remedy, the five relevant factors 10 weigh in favor of dismissal of this action. The first two factors strongly support dismissal of this 11 action. Plaintiff’s failure to file an opposition or statement of non-opposition to defendants’ 12 motion to dismiss in the first instance, and her failure to do so a second time, despite clear 13 warnings of the consequences for such failures, strongly suggests that plaintiff has abandoned 14 this action or is not interested in seriously prosecuting it. See, e.g., Yourish v. Cal. Amplifier, 15 191 F.3d 983, 990 (9th Cir. 1999) (“The public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation 16 always favors dismissal.”). Moreover, although plaintiff had notice of the continued 17 November 18, 2010 hearing date and her potentially final opportunity to file a response to 18 defendants’ motion on or before December 16, 2010, plaintiff took no action. Any further time 19 spent by the court on this case, which plaintiff has demonstrated a lack of any serious intention to 20 pursue, will consume scarce judicial resources and take away from other active cases. See 21 Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1261 (recognizing that district courts have inherent power to manage their 22 dockets without being subject to noncompliant litigants). 23 In addition, the third factor, which considers prejudice to a defendant as a result of 24 plaintiff’s failure to timely oppose its motion to dismiss, should be given some weight. See 25 Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1262. A motion to dismiss is an aid to simplifying the issues and dismissing 26 improper claims or parties before discovery ensues. Plaintiff’s failure to oppose defendants’ 5 1 motion after being given two opportunities to do so, and her failure to communicate with the 2 court or explain her non-participation in this litigation, raises the real possibility that defendants 3 may be forced to unnecessarily engage in further litigation against claims that plaintiff does not 4 appear to value enough to pursue in a serious manner. Indeed, defendants have been diligently 5 pursuing their motion to dismiss, and plaintiff stalled this matter and prevented the efficient 6 resolution of her lawsuit, which she filed in July of 2010. Moreover, unreasonable delay is 7 presumed to be prejudicial. See, e.g., In re Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Prods. Liab. Litig., 460 8 F.3d at 1227. 9 The fifth factor, which considers the availability of less drastic measures, also 10 supports dismissal of this action. As noted above, the court has actually pursued remedies that 11 are less drastic than a recommendation of dismissal. See Malone v. U.S. Postal Serv., 833 F.2d 12 128, 132 (9th Cir. 1987) (“[E]xplicit discussion of alternatives is unnecessary if the district court 13 actually tries alternatives before employing the ultimate sanction of dismissal.”). The court 14 excused plaintiff’s initial failure to oppose defendants’ motion, granted plaintiff substantial 15 additional time to file an opposition or statement of non-opposition, and continued the hearing on 16 defendants’ motion to dismiss. Moreover, the court advised plaintiff of the requirement of 17 opposing a motion to dismiss and informed her of the requirements of the Local Rules. 18 Furthermore, the court advised plaintiff that she was required to comply with the court’s Local 19 Rules and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure even though she is proceeding without counsel. 20 It also warned plaintiff in clear terms that failure to comply with the court’s orders could result in 21 a recommendation of dismissal. Warning a plaintiff that failure to take steps towards resolution 22 of his or her action on the merits will result in dismissal satisfies the requirement that the court 23 consider the alternatives. See, e.g., Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1262 (“[O]ur decisions also suggest that a 24 district court’s warning to a party that his failure to obey the court’s order will result in dismissal 25 can satisfy the ‘consideration of alternatives’ requirement.”) (citing Malone, 833 F.2d at 132-33). 26 At this juncture, the court finds no suitable alternative to a recommendation for dismissal of this 6 1 action. This finding is supported by the fact that plaintiff’s complaint, which alleges that plaintiff 2 has encountered financial difficulties leading to the foreclosure of her home (see generally 3 Compl.), suggests that plaintiff would very likely be unable to pay any monetary sanction 4 imposed in lieu of dismissal. 5 The court also recognizes the importance of giving due weight to the fourth factor, 6 which addresses the public policy favoring disposition of cases on the merits. However, for the 7 reasons set forth above, factors one, two, three, and five strongly support a recommendation for 8 dismissal of this action, and factor four does not materially counsel otherwise. Dismissal is 9 proper “where at least four factors support dismissal or where at least three factors ‘strongly’ 10 support dismissal.” Hernandez v. City of El Monte, 138 F.3d 393, 399 (9th Cir. 1998) (citations 11 and quotation marks omitted). Under the circumstances of this case, the other relevant factors 12 outweigh the general public policy favoring disposition of actions on their merits. See Ferdik, 13 963 F.2d at 1263. 14 In light of the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 15 1. 16 The hearing on defendants’ motion to dismiss (Dkt. No. 5), presently scheduled for December 30, 2010, is vacated. 17 It is FURTHER RECOMMENDED that: 18 1. 19 Plaintiff’s case be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to Rule 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 20 2. The Clerk of Court close this case and vacate all future dates in this case. 21 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District 22 Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen 23 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 24 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Id.; see also E. Dist. Local Rule 304(b). 25 Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and 26 Recommendations.” Any response to the objections shall be filed with the court and served on 7 1 all parties within fourteen days after service of the objections. E. Dist. Local Rule 304(d). 2 Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District 3 Court’s order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 4 1153, 1156-57 (9th Cir. 1991). 5 6 IT IS SO RECOMMENDED. DATED: December 20, 2010 7 8 9 _____________________________________ KENDALL J. NEWMAN UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 8
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