In Re City of San Bernardino, California, No. 5:2014cv02505 - Document 31 (C.D. Cal. 2015)
Court Description: OPINION by Judge Otis D. Wright, II: The Court hereby AFFIRMS the Bankruptcy Courts Order Denying Motion of San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters For Relief From the Automatic Stay. In re City of San Bernardino, No. 6:12-bk-28006, ECF No. 1287. The Clerk of the Court shall close this case. (Made JS-6. Case Terminated.) (lc)
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In Re City of San Bernardino, California Doc. 31 O JS-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 United States District Court Central District of California 8 9 10 Case No. 5:14-cv-02505-ODW 11 In Re: 12 CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO, 13 CALIFORNIA, OPINION Appeal from the United States Debtor, 14 15 __________________________________ Bankruptcy Court for the Central 16 SAN BERNARDINO CITY District of California, Riverside 17 PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS Division; 18 LOCAL 891 The Honorable Meredith A. Jury 20 Presiding (No. 6:12-bk-28006) Appellant, 19 v. 21 CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO, 22 CALIFORNIA, 23 24 Appellee. I. INTRODUCTION 25 Appellant San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters Local 891 (the 26 “Union”) appeals the “Order Denying Motion of San Bernardino City Professional 27 Firefighters For Relief From the Automatic Stay” entered by the United State 28 Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California, Riverside Division, on Dockets.Justia.com 1 November 13, 2014. 2 Bernardino (In re City of San Bernardino), No. 6:12-bk-28006, ECF No. 1287 3 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. Nov. 13, 2014) (the “Stay Order”). The Stay Order denied the 4 Union’s request for relief from the automatic stay in the underlying chapter 9 5 bankruptcy of Appellee City of San Bernardino (the “City”). The Union sought relief 6 from the stay to litigate the City’s post-petition conduct in state court. For the reasons 7 discussed below, the Court AFFIRMS the Bankruptcy Court’s order in full. II. 8 San Bernardino City Prof’l Firefighters Local 891 v. San FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 9 On August 1, 2012, the City filed a voluntary petition under chapter 9 of the 10 Bankruptcy Code. (AER 1–8.)1 At that time, the City was in a financial crisis with an 11 estimated budget deficit of $45.8 million. (SER 351–53, 99, 1642.) The City’s 12 insolvency is detailed in the Bankruptcy Court’s chapter 9 eligibility opinion. In re 13 San Bernardino, 499 B.R. 776 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2013). The City’s first step in 14 stabilizing the financial crisis was negotiating modifications to the collective 15 bargaining agreements of the City’s seven public-sector labor unions. (SER 425–29, 16 518–22.) 17 One year after the petition date, the City had reached modification agreements 18 with five of the seven labor unions, but the City and Union failed to reach a deal 19 modifying the parties’ Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”). (Id. at 516–17, 20 853–58, 866–86.) The City and the Union engaged in extensive negotiations and 21 mediation sessions regarding voluntary modifications of the MOU, and those efforts 22 are detailed in a separate opinion from this Court. See In re City of San Bernardino, 23 No. 5:14-cv-02073, ECF No. 47 (C.D. Cal. May 7, 2015). On March 4, 2013, the 24 City filed a motion to reject the MOU. 25 /// 26 1 27 28 Citations to the “Appellant’s Excerpts of the Record” or “AER” denote the excerpts submitted by the Union. (ECF Nos. 21–25.) Citations to the “Supplemental Excerpts of the Record” or “SER” denote the excerpts submitted the City. (ECF No. 27.) The parties do not dispute any facts on appeal. 2 1 On May 23, 2014, the City notified the Union that it would implement cost- 2 reduction measures to modify staffing and equipment provisions in the MOU. (SER 3 1299–1300, 1682–83.) The City informed the Union that its proposed budget for 4 fiscal year 2014–15 required a reduction of eighteen fire safety positions, and the 5 elimination of a paramedic truck company and a paramedic engine company. (Id. at 6 1302; AER 90–96.) Due to open positions elsewhere in the department, the City told 7 the Union that only four firefighters would lose their jobs. (SER 1302) Another cost- 8 reduction measure was a modification to the MOU’s “Constant Staffing” provision. 9 The Constant Staffing provision required that the “Fire Department will maintain its 10 authorized daily constant staffing position vacancies through off-duty personnel on an 11 overtime basis.” (Id. at 550.) This provision required the City to provide twenty-four- 12 hour staffing, seven days a week on all fire engines and ladder trucks irrespective of 13 existing service level demands. 14 provision resulted in $4.2 million in overtime costs in 2013. (Id. at 2333–34.) The 15 City believed that implementing a “minimum staffing” provision would save the city 16 between $2–3 million a year. (Id.) (Id. at 1644, 2333–59.) The Constant Staffing 17 On June 30, 2014, the City Council approved the budget for fiscal year 2014–15 18 and the City began implementing the cost-reduction measures. (Id. at 1340, 1342– 19 1436.) Four firefighters received “Reduction in Force” letters. (Id.) Despite the 20 notices, no Union members were laid off. The Union members in question exercised 21 their seniority rights to take other open positions and were reinstated to their original 22 positions several months later. (Id. at 2696–99.) The City also implemented the 23 minimum staffing model, removed apparatuses from service, and closed a fire station. 24 On July 21, 2014, the Union filed a “Motion for Relief” seeking a confirmation 25 from the Bankruptcy Court that the automatic stay did not apply to a proposed state- 26 court lawsuit contesting the City’s cost-reduction measures, or in the alternative, 27 /// 28 /// 3 1 requesting relief from the automatic stay.2 (AER 9–170; SER 1171–1285.) The 2 Union claimed that the City’s cost-reduction measures violated numerous provisions 3 of state law, and therefore it would seek an injunction and declaratory judgment in 4 state court to reverse the layoffs, increase staffing, and reopen the closed fire station. 5 (AER 9–170.) 6 Union’s Motion for Relief, and continued the motion for two months to allow for 7 supplemental briefing. (Id. at 393–473.) On September 11, 2014, the Bankruptcy 8 Court heard further arguments and then denied the Union’s Motion for Relief from the 9 bench. (Id. at 653–751.) A written order denying the Motion for Relief was entered 10 on November 13, 2014. (SER 2707–15.) The Union is now appealing the order 11 denying its Motion for Relief. On July 29, 2014, the Bankruptcy Court heard oral arguments on the III. 12 STANDARDS OF REVIEW 13 The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a), and is sitting as a 14 single-judge court of appeal. The traditional appellate review standards apply. The 15 Court reviews the Bankruptcy Court’s conclusions of law de novo and its factual 16 findings for clear error. Salazar v. McDonald (In re Salazar), 430 F.3d 992, 994 (9th 17 Cir. 2005). 18 deference to the trial court. Ambassador Hotel Co. v. Wei-Chuan Inv., 189 F.3d 1017, 19 1024 (9th Cir. 1999). The Court reviews its own jurisdiction, including questions of 20 mootness, de novo. Silver Sage Partners, Ltd. v. Desert Hot Springs (In re City of 21 Desert Hot Springs), 339 F.3d 782, 787 (9th Cir. 2004). 22 /// 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// Review under the clearly erroneous standard requires significant 26 2 27 28 This filing was the Union’s second request for relief. The Union first filed a motion for relief on March 8, 2013. (ECF No. 460.) The March 8, 2013 motion is addressed in a concurrently filed opinion from this Court. See In re San Bernardino, No. 5:14-cv-02073, ECF No. 47 (C.D. Cal. May 7, 2015). 4 IV. 1 ISSUES ON APPEAL 2 The Union raises three issues on appeal: 3 (1) Did “the Bankruptcy Court err[] when it found [11 U.S.C. § 362(a)] 4 enjoined the [Union] from commencing and prosecuting litigation against the City for 5 violations of state law which occurred post-petition[?]”; (2) “[D]id the [B]ankrupcty [C]ourt err when it found ‘cause’ did not exist to 6 7 terminate the automatic stay[?]”; and 8 (3) “[D]id the Bankruptcy Court err when it found the statutes to be enforced 9 were ‘procedural’ and therefore pre-empted by the Bankruptcy Code?” (Appellant Br. 10 at 1–2.) V. 11 DISCUSSION 12 In addition to responding to each of the three issues on appeal, the City also 13 challenges this Court’s jurisdiction. The Court will first address the jurisdictional 14 question and then proceed to the Union’s three issues on appeal. As explained below, 15 the Court must reject each of the Union’s arguments. 16 A. Jurisdictional Issue: Mootness of the Appeal 17 The City argues that this Court lacks jurisdiction to hear this appeal because the 18 case is moot. (Appellee Br. at 8.) This Court cannot exercise jurisdiction over a moot 19 appeal. United States v. Pattullo (In re Pattullo), 271 F.3d 898, 900 (9th Cir. 2001); 20 GTE Cal., Inc. v. FCC, 39 F.3d 940, 945 (9th Cir. 1994) (“The jurisdiction of federal 21 courts depends on the existence of a ‘case or controversy’ under Article III of the 22 Constitution.”). “A moot case is one where the issues presented are no longer live and 23 no case or controversy exists.” Ellis v. Yu (In re Ellis), 523 B.R. 673, 677 (B.A.P. 9th 24 Cir. 2014). “The test for mootness is whether an appellate court can still grant 25 effective relief to the prevailing party if it decides the merits in his or her favor.” Id. 26 “If an issue becomes moot while the appeal is still pending, an appellate court must 27 dismiss the appeal.” Id. (citing In re Pattullo, 271 F.3d at 900). 28 /// 5 1 “The voluntary cessation of challenged conduct does not ordinarily render a 2 case moot because a dismissal for mootness would permit a resumption of the 3 challenged conduct as soon as the case is dismissed.” Knox v. Serv. Emps. Int’l 4 Union, Local 1000, 132 S. Ct. 2277, 2287 (2012). “A case might become moot if 5 subsequent events made it absolutely clear that the allegedly wrongful behavior could 6 not reasonably be expected to recur.” Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. 7 Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 189 (2000). The party asserting mootness bears a 8 “heavy burden” in meeting this standard. Id. 9 The City claims that all of the laid off employees were reinstated and thus there 10 is no need for prospective relief from a state court. (Appellee Br. at 8.) It also argues 11 that the damages caused by the closed fire station and decommissioned equipment 12 “are incorporated in the employees’ claims for the reduced wages they may have 13 suffered.” (Id. at 8–9.) 14 The Court rejects the City’s mootness argument. The City unilaterally modified 15 the MOU by implementing cost-reduction measures. Those measures still remain in 16 effect. Assuming that the modifications were unlawful, there is a continuing harm to 17 the Union because it lost employment positions, a fire house to employ its members, 18 and equipment used for the job. Had the City reversed the cost-reduction measures, 19 this appeal would most certainly be moot. Furthermore, the City still has the ability to 20 lay-off more of the Union’s members and thus any claim of voluntary cessation is 21 rejected. These issues constitute a live case or controversy, and therefore the Court 22 rejects the City’s mootness claim. 23 B. Issue 1: The Automatic Stay and Post-Petition Litigation 24 The Union’s first issue on appeal is the effect of the automatic stay on 25 prospective litigation challenging post-petition conduct. The Union argues that the 26 Bankruptcy Court erred as a matter of law in concluding that the automatic stay 27 prohibited the Union’s state-court lawsuit that sought to challenge the City’s cost- 28 reduction measures. 6 1 The key to this first issue is properly framing the question. The Union insists 2 that the only question on appeal is whether 11 U.S.C. § 362(a)(3) is the proper legal 3 basis to deny its Motion for Relief. (Appellant Br. at 9.) In making this argument, the 4 Union claims that the “automatic stay does not enjoin the planned litigation” and the 5 “automatic stay does not apply [to] actions arising post-petition.” (Id. at 9–10.) For 6 the Court to resolve these questions, it must necessarily consider the “planned 7 litigation” and the City’s “actions.” The Court cannot decide the issue in a vacuum 8 because, as explained below, the City’s underlying conduct drives the inquiry—not all 9 conduct by a debtor-in-possession is treated equally for purposes of obtaining relief 10 from an automatic stay. The Union placed the planned litigation and the City’s 11 actions at the forefront of its argument and therefore the Court must consider such 12 conduct in conjunction with the role of section 362(a)(3). 13 There are three problems with the Union’s argument. First, the Union misreads 14 the law in a manner that would render Supreme Court precedent moot. The Union 15 does this by over-generalizing the City’s conduct. Second, the automatic stay in this 16 case does apply to the City’s post-petition conduct as a matter of law. Third, the 17 Bankruptcy Court did not deny the Union’s Motion for Relief on only procedural 18 grounds; it also denied the motion on the merits. 19 20 1. The City’s Actions Were Authorized by Supreme Court Precedent and the Union Misconstrues Those Actions on Appeal. 21 The Union is specifically appealing the Bankruptcy Court’s November 13, 2014 22 order which denied the Union’s Motion for Relief. (SER 2707–15.) The central claim 23 in the Union’s Motion for Relief was that the cost-reduction measures that the City 24 unilaterally imposed in June 2014 violated California law. In its Motion for Relief, 25 the Union argued that the “City has yet again taken action in violation of state law and 26 its own Charter under the pretense of federal bankruptcy law preemption 27 Bankruptcy Code does not preempt all state law governing public employees.” (AER 28 37.) The Union further argued that the “City cannot act contrary to state law and seek 7 The 1 shelter under the automatic stay.” (Id.) The Union claimed that the City “violated the 2 rights of members of the [Union] by failing to meet and confer with the [Union] 3 before taking action to layoff firefighters, in a manner that violates the City’s Charter, 4 and demote firefighters, close fire stations, reduce staffing at fire stations and 5 eliminate fire apparatus.” (Id.) 6 On appeal, the Union continues to raise the same argument regarding state law 7 violations. The Union argues that when the City “took the actions which give rise to 8 the Litigation Claims, the City failed to comply with all of these provisions of state 9 law.” (Appellant Br. at 20.) In support of this argument, the Union claims that a 10 “city’s unilateral change in a matter within the scope of representation of a recognized 11 union is a per se violation of the duty to meet and confer in good faith.” (Id. at 19.) 12 Before the Bankruptcy Court and again on appeal, the Union continues to argue 13 that the City’s unilateral modifications to the employment terms in the MOU justify 14 its need to pursue state-court claims in a non-bankruptcy forum. This conduct by the 15 City—the unilateral modifications—serves as the basis for the Union’s argument that 16 “[t]he automatic stay does not apply [to] actions arising post-petition.” (Appellant Br. 17 at 10 [added emphasis].) In order for the Court to consider if “[t]he automatic stay 18 does not enjoin the planned litigation” (Id. at 9), the Court must address the planned 19 litigation and the City’s conduct that serves as the basis for such litigation. The City’s 20 conduct at question, however, is specifically authorized by Supreme Court precedent. 21 In N.L.R.B. v. Bildisco & Bildisco, one of the questions before the Supreme 22 Court was whether “a debtor-in-possession [is] guilty of an unfair labor practice for 23 unilaterally terminating or modifying a collective-bargaining agreement before 24 rejection of that agreement has been approved by the Bankruptcy Court.” 465 U.S. 25 513, 516 (1984). The debtor-in-possession in the case, after filing a chapter 11 26 petition, failed to pay health and pension benefits, failed to remit union dues, and 27 refused to pay agreed-upon wage increases as required under a collective bargaining 28 agreement. Id. at 518. The Supreme Court held that the debtor was entitled to make 8 1 these unilateral modifications to the terms and conditions of employment pending the 2 rejection of collective bargaining agreement. Id. at 533–34. The Supreme Court 3 reasoned that “the authority to reject an executory contract is vital to the basic purpose 4 of a Chapter 11 reorganization, because rejection can release the debtor’s estate from 5 burdensome obligations that can impede a successful reorganization.” Id. at 528. The 6 Supreme Court ultimately concluded that “while a debtor-in-possession remains 7 obligated to bargain in good faith under [federal labor laws] over the terms and 8 conditions of a possible new contract, it is not guilty of an unfair labor practice by 9 unilaterally breaching a collective-bargaining agreement before formal Bankruptcy 10 Court action.” Id. at 534. 11 While Bildisco involved chapter 11 bankruptcy, other federal courts and the 12 parties agree that the holdings from Bildisco apply to collective bargaining agreements 13 in chapter 9 cases. See Ass’n of Retired Employees of the City of Stockton v. Stockton 14 (In re City of Stockton), 478 B.R. 8, 23 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2012) (“The judicial 15 consensus is that Bildisco controls rejection of collective bargaining agreements in 16 chapter 9 cases.”); In re City of Vallejo, 432 B.R. 262, 272 (E.D. Cal. 2010) (“The 17 Bankruptcy Court properly concluded that a municipality operating under Chapter 9 18 may utilize 11 U.S.C. Section 365 to reject a CBA, if the municipality can show that 19 the requirements of Bildisco are met.”); Orange County Employees Ass’n v. Orange 20 (In re County of Orange), 179 B.R. 177, 183 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 1995) (“Bildisco 21 applies in Chapter 9.”). 22 The City’s conduct in this case is precisely the conduct approved by Bildisco. 23 After filing its chapter 9 petition and before receiving formal approval to reject the 24 MOU, the City unilaterally imposed new employment terms in breach of the MOU. 25 The City imposed a minimum staffing provision, shuffled employees, and eliminated 26 equipment and facilities. The purpose of the City’s modifications was to eliminate 27 burdensome financial obligations—such as unnecessary overtime costs and ailing 28 equipment—that could impede its chapter 9 restructuring. Neither the City nor the 9 1 Bankruptcy Court deemed these unilateral modifications as “permanent changes,” nor 2 could they under Bildisco. 3 The Union is trying to recast the City’s conduct as purely state law violations 4 without regard to the clear instructions in Bildisco. Not all conduct by the debtor-in- 5 possession is treated equally, and the conduct at issue in this case is specifically 6 authorized by Supreme Court precedent. The Union attempts to distinguish Bildisco 7 by arguing that the “ability to modify a collective bargaining agreement under 8 Bildisco does not, however, result in the abrogation of state law.” (Appellant Br. at 9 25.) The Union also cites a passage from Bildisco that states a “debtor-in-possession 10 . . . is obligated to bargain collectively with the employees’ certified representative 11 over the terms of a new contract pending rejection of the existing contract or 12 following formal approval of rejection by the Bankruptcy Court.” (Id. at 26 [quoting 13 Bildisco, 465 U.S. at 534].) 14 With respect to the Union’s citation to Bildisco, the Union is correct that a 15 debtor-in-possession must “bargain collective[ly]” over the “terms of a new contract,” 16 but a “new” contract is not in quesiton. 17 modifications to an existing contract which are expressly approved by the Supreme 18 Court. The Union’s claim that Bildisco does not allow “the abrogation of state law” 19 overlooks the actual issue on appeal. This is not a case of carte blanche violations of 20 state law, but instead the preemption of state law under specific Supreme Court 21 precedent and Bankruptcy Code provisions. Bildisco allows the abrogation of state 22 labor law involving modifications of labor contracts during the pendency of a chapter 23 9 case, and that is the only conduct at issue in this case. The Union’s argument is also 24 soundly rejected by In re City of Vallejo, 403 B.R. 72 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2009). There, 25 the bankruptcy court found that “[a]ssuming for sake of argument that California law 26 superimposes its labor laws onto section 365, such law would be unconstitutional.” 27 Id. at 76–77. The bankruptcy court explained that “incorporating state substantive law 28 into chapter 9 to amend, modify or negate substantive provisions of chapter 9 would 10 Instead, this case involves unilateral 1 violate Congress’ ability to enact uniform bankruptcy laws.” Id. at 77 (quoting 6 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 903.01 (15th ed. Rev.)). Relying on the Supremacy Clause, 3 the Bankruptcy Clause, and the Contracts Clause of the Constitution, the bankruptcy 4 Court concluded that Congress’ authority to provide debtors the authority to reject 5 executory contracts preempts state law. Id. 6 This Court agrees with the conclusions in In re Vallejo. The Supremacy and 7 Bankruptcy Clauses in the Constitution are non-negotiable and do not allow the Union 8 to rely on state law to escape the bankruptcy process. The Union is correct that 9 Bildisco is not a blank check for the City to violate any state law it wants. However, 10 the alleged violations of state law in this case were precisely the type of interim 11 violations authorized by the Supreme Court to effectuate the purpose of the 12 Bankruptcy Code.3 Allowing the Union to take its claims out of the bankruptcy 13 process would run afoul of Bildisco. 2. 14 State-Court Litigation Regarding Post-Petition Conduct is Automatically Stayed. 15 16 As explained supra, the crux of the Union’s entire Motion for Relief is rejected 17 by Bildisco. The Union placed the “planned litigation” at the forefront of its appeal, 18 and the Court cannot ignore the substance of that litigation when conducting a de novo 19 review of the Bankruptcy Court’s decisions. The Union, however, phrases its issue on 20 appeal in a clever fashion in an attempt avoid the Bildisco’s reach. According to the 21 Union, the first issue on appeals is whether “the Bankruptcy Court erred when it found 22 [11 U.S.C. § 362(a)] enjoined the [Union] from commencing and prosecuting 23 3 24 25 26 27 28 The Union also argues that the Bankruptcy Court does not have jurisdiction to adjudicate the Union’s state-law claims. (Appellant Br. at 14.) The Court first notes that the Union failed to list this argument as one of its issues on appeal. The Court also notes that the Union’s claim that the Bankruptcy Court does not have “core jurisdiction” over the state-law claims is exactly one conclusory sentence. Regardless, the argument is meritless on grounds discussed in this section. The Supremacy Clause and the Bankruptcy Code preempt state law in this context. Claims arising post-petition can receive a different priority of payment under a chapter 9 reorganization, but the adjudication of those claims remains part of the core jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court. Bildisco, 465 U.S. at 530–31; Harris v. Whitman (In re Harris), 590 F.3d 730,739–40 (9th Cir. 2009). 11 1 litigation against the City for violations of state law which occurred post-petition[?]” 2 (Appellant Br. at 1.) 3 Bankruptcy Court’s ruling while ignoring the substance of its own motion. 4 Notwithstanding the Court’s inability to separate the merits of the issue from a 5 specific procedural inquiry, the Union is still wrong. The Union wants to focus on the procedural basis of the 6 The statute in question is the automatic stay provision in 11 U.S.C. § 362. 7 Section 362 is incorporated into chapter 9 proceedings. 11 U.S.C. § 901(a). Thus, a 8 petition filed under chapter 9 “operates as a stay, applicable to all entities, of . . . the 9 commencement or continuation . . . of a judicial, administrative, or other action or 10 proceeding against the debtor that was or could have been commenced before the 11 commencement of the [bankruptcy] case.” 11 U.S.C. § 362(a)(1). 12 The Union argues that the “Bankruptcy Court erred when it found that 13 § 362(a)(3) provides a stay on post-petition litigation arising from the City’s post- 14 petition conduct.” (Appellant Br. at 7.) The rationale behind the Union’s argument is 15 two-fold. First, the Union argues that the automatic stay provision in section 362(a) 16 “is limited to actions that could have been instituted before the petition was filed or 17 that are based on claims that arose before the petition was filed” and “does not include 18 actions arising post-petition.” (Id. at 10 [quoting Bellini Imports, Ltd. v. Mason and 19 Dixon Lines, Inc., 944 F.2d 199, 201 (4th Cir. 1991)].) Second, the Union claims that 20 “section 362(a)(3) does not provide protection for the debtor” but “enjoins acts against 21 “property of the estate.” (Id. at 9.) “A ‘debtor’ and the ‘estate’ are two separate and 22 distinct entities under the Bankruptcy Code.” (Id.) 23 Both of the Union’s arguments are misplaced. First, the automatic stay 24 prohibits certain post-petition litigation in chapter 9 cases, and this includes the 25 Union’s proposed litigation. 26 conduct in unilaterally modifying the MOU. Bildisco goes further and instructs that 27 any claim arising from those modifications relates back to the petition date and must 28 be brought before the bankruptcy court. The Supreme Court explains: As explained supra, Bildisco authorizes the City’s 12 1 Actions on claims that have been or could have been 2 brought before the filing of a bankruptcy petition are, with 3 limited exceptions not relevant here, stayed through the 4 automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. 5 Bankruptcy Code specifies that the rejection of an executory 6 contract which had not been assumed constitutes a breach of 7 the contract which relates back to the date immediately 8 preceding 9 Consequently, claims arising after filing, such as result from 10 the rejection of an executory contract, must also be 11 presented through the normal administration process by 12 which claims are estimated and classified. Thus suit may 13 not be brought against the debtor-in-possession under the 14 collective bargaining agreement; recovery may be had only 15 through administration of the claim in bankruptcy. 16 the filing of a petition in The bankruptcy. Bildisco, 465 U.S. at 529–30. (internal citations omitted). 17 Here, the City’s unilateral modifications constitute a breach of the MOU and 18 therefore relate back to the petition date. To challenge the unilateral modifications, 19 the Union must present their claims “through the normal administration process by 20 which claims are estimated and classified” and “recovery may be had only through 21 administration of the claim in bankruptcy.” Id. Bildisco explains the process by 22 which a labor union can challenge post-petition modifications to collective bargaining 23 agreements, and the Union must follow that process here. 24 Furthermore, Bankruptcy Code sections 365(g) and 502(g) provide that a post- 25 petition rejection of an executory contract relates back to the petition date and is 26 treated as if the breach occurred pre-petition. 11 U.S.C. §§ 365(g), 502(g). The 27 Supreme Court in Bildisco recognized this concept. The Court explained: “Damages 28 on the contract that result from the rejection of an executory contract, as noted, must 13 1 be administered through bankruptcy and receive the priority provided general 2 unsecured creditors.” Id. (citing 11 U.S.C. § 502(g), 507.) The bankruptcy court in In 3 re City of Vallejo elaborated on this conclusion from Bildisco, finding that any claim 4 based on a pre-petition labor agreement “including one created by a post-petition 5 breach, is a claim arising prior to the filing of chapter 9 petition.” 6 Vallejo, 2009 Bank. LEXIS 970, at*6 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. Mar. 2, 2009). In re City of 7 The second part to the Union’s argument, which claims that “section 362(a)(3) 8 does not provide protection for the debtor” but “enjoins acts against property of the 9 estate,” is meritless. The Union is attempting to parse statements from the Bankruptcy 10 Court’s conclusion to draw nonsensical results. In rejecting the Union’s Motion for 11 Relief, the Bankruptcy Court stated that “[section 362] (a)(3) provides the protection 12 post-petition for the debtor.” (AER 690.) Bankruptcy Code section 362(a)(3) stays 13 acts seeking to exercise control over property of the bankruptcy estate. 11 U.S.C. § 14 362(a)(3). The Union believes a reversal is warranted because the Bankruptcy Court 15 concluded that section 362(a)(3) applies to the debtor when in fact that section applies 16 only to the “estate.” (Appellant Br. at 9–10.) This argument is flawed for two 17 reasons. 18 “property of the debtor.” 11 U.S.C. § 902(2). Thus, there is no meaningful distinction 19 to the Union’s argument that section 362(a)(3) is inapposite to the City’s 20 circumstances. First, section 902(2) provides that “property of the estate” also means 21 Second, the Union sought to exercise control over property of the debtor 22 because the Union was seeking an injunction. The Union wanted to control City 23 property such as the equipment taken out of service and the closed fire house. The 24 Union’s Motion for Relief sought the exact type of conduct stayed under sections 25 362(a)(3) and 902(2)—control over the City’s property. The Union’s argument that 26 the Bankruptcy Court erred based on the plain language of section 362(a)(3) ignores 27 other provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and its own requests for relief. The Court 28 rejects this argument in full. 14 3. 1 The Motion for Relief was Also Denied on the Merits and that Ruling is not Challenged Here. 2 3 The Bankruptcy Court denied the Union’s Motion for Relief on two separate 4 grounds. First, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Motion on the merits. At the 5 September 11, 2014 hearing, the Bankruptcy Court stated: “So on the relief from stay, 6 the state law says—actually I wrote it down—Section 3504.5 says, ‘they shall give 7 notice and meet.’ I think that’s been met no matter what. They’ve given notice and 8 they’ve met.” (AER 689.) 9 On appeal, the Union only focuses on the second reason the Bankruptcy Court 10 gave for denying the Motion for Relief—the application of section 365(a)(3). The 11 Bankruptcy Court also reasonably found that the City actually complied with state law 12 and therefore the Union had no basis to proceed to state court. The Union does not 13 challenge this finding by the Bankruptcy Court. Therefore, even siding with the 14 Union on the second justification—which the Court has not—would not disturb the 15 merits-based holding of the Bankruptcy Court. The Union had to challenge both of 16 the Bankruptcy Court’s justifications for denying the Motion for Relief, and the Union 17 failed to do so on appeal. This serves as an independent basis for denying the Union’s 18 argument. 19 C. Issue 2: “Cause” to Terminate the Automatic Stay 20 In addition to seeking relief to file suit in California state court, the Union also 21 requested the Bankruptcy Court to lift the automatic stay. The second issue on appeal 22 relates to the Union’s claim that there was “cause” for the Bankruptcy Court to 23 terminate the automatic stay. 24 Section 362(d) provides that a bankruptcy court “shall” grant relief from the 25 automatic stay upon a showing of “cause.” 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(1). “The decision of a 26 bankruptcy court to grant relief from the automatic stay under § 362(d) is reviewed for 27 abuse of discretion.” Kronemyer v. Am. Contractors Indem. Co (In re Kronemyer), 28 405 B.R. 915, 919 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2009). 15 1 The Union argues that the “City’s failure to comply with state law demonstrates 2 cause to terminate the automatic stay” and the availability of a specialized 3 administrative agency warrant lifting the stay. (Appellant Br. at 21, 28.) As discussed 4 supra, the Union’s state law claims predicated on the City’s temporary modifications 5 of the MOU are preempted by federal law and Bildisco. The Union’s conclusory 6 argument fails to explain how the Bankruptcy Court abused its discretion. The Union 7 also fails to address the Supreme Court’s directive in Bildisco that “claims arising 8 after filing, such as result from the rejection of an executory contract, must also be 9 presented through the normal administration process by which claims are estimated 10 and classified.” Bildisco, 465 U.S. at 529–30. As a result, the Court finds that the Bankruptcy Court did not abuse its 11 12 discretion in denying the Union’s request to lift the automatic stay. 13 D. Issue 3: Bankruptcy Code Preemption 14 The third issue on appeal is “did the Bankruptcy Court err when it found the 15 statutes to be enforced were ‘procedural’ and therefore pre-empted by the Bankruptcy 16 Code?” (Appellant Br. at 1–2.) The Union claims that the Bankruptcy Court erred 17 when it made the following statement when issuing its tentative ruling on July 29, 18 2014: “So these are procedural rules, and I don’t know that the City is violating any 19 of them.” (AER 406.) The procedural rules in question related to the discovery and 20 timing of the Union’s Motion for Relief. (Appellant Br. at 31.) According to the 21 Union, “[d]espite the limited scope of a motion under § 362(d), the Bankruptcy Court 22 elected to adjudicate the issues to be litigated in a non-bankruptcy forum.” (Id. at 32.) 23 The Union’s argument is not the model of clarity. The Union’s statement of the 24 issue of appeal does not align with the argument in its brief, and it is not clear what 25 Bankruptcy Court actions are being challenged. 26 challenging a mere oral observation which had no bearing on the case. This befuddled 27 argument is meritless. Accordingly, the Court rejects this third issue in full. 28 /// 16 It appears that the Union is VI. 1 CONCLUSION 2 The Court hereby AFFIRMS the Bankruptcy Court’s Order Denying Motion of 3 San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters For Relief From the Automatic Stay. In 4 re City of San Bernardino, No. 6:12-bk-28006, ECF No. 1287. The Clerk of the 5 Court shall close this case. 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7 8 May 7, 2015 9 10 11 ____________________________________ OTIS D. WRIGHT, II UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17
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