Pam Kincaid v. James Anderson, No. 16-1570 (4th Cir. 2017)

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UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 16-1570 PAM KINCAID, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. JAMES W. ANDERSON; RUSSELL COUNTY (VIRGINIA) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES; BOARD OF RUSSELL COUNTY (VIRGINIA) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES, Defendants - Appellees, and RUSSELL COUNTY (VIRGINIA); HARRY FERGUSON, Chairman of the Board of Social Services of Russell County (Virginia); ROGER BROWN, Vice-Chairman of the Board of Social Services of Russell County (Virginia); LAUREL RASNICK, Member of the Board of Social Services of Russell County (Virginia); BILL HALE, Member of the Board of Social Services of Russell County (Virginia); REBECCA DYE, Member of the Board of Social Services of Russell County (Virginia), Defendants. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, at Abingdon. James P. Jones, District Judge. (1:14-cv-00027-JPJ-PMS) Submitted: February 28, 2017 Decided: March 3, 2017 Before DUNCAN and THACKER, Circuit Judges, and DAVIS, Senior Circuit Judge. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Melvin E. Williams, MEL WILLIAMS PLC, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellant. Edward G. Stout, Jr., Bristol, Virginia; Henry S. Keuling-Stout, KEULING-STOUT, P.C., Big Stone Gap, Virginia, for Appellees. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. 2 PER CURIAM: Pam Kincaid filed a complaint asserting numerous causes of action arising from her employment as a social work supervisor with the Russell County, Virginia, Department of Social Services (“RCDSS”). Kincaid asserted sex- and religion-based discrimination, harassment, and retaliation claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e - 2000e-17 (2012), and claims under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, 29 U.S.C.A. §§ 2601-2654 (West 2012 & Supp. 2016), against Russell County, RCDSS, and the RCDSS Board. She also raised as claims against these Defendants, as well five individual members of the Board and her former supervisor, James W. Anderson, for due process violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2012) and emotional district for distress court’s defamation under orders and intentional Virginia law. dismissing most infliction Kincaid of of appeals the claims and her granting summary judgment to Defendants on the remaining claims. Finding no reversible error, we affirm. Kincaid RCDSS, the first Board, contests the and Board the district court’s members in ruling their that official capacities were entitled to state sovereign immunity from all of her claims except for those brought under Title VII. We review questions v. of sovereign immunity de novo. Carolina, 787 F.3d 256, 261 (4th Cir. 2015). 3 Wright North While states are generally immune from suit in federal court, this immunity “does not extend to suits prosecuted against a municipal corporation or other governmental entity which is not an arm of the State.” Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706, 756 (1999). In determining whether a governmental entity is an arm of the state, the most important factor is “whether a judgment against the governmental entity would have to be paid from the State’s treasury.” Cash v. Granville Cty. Bd. of Educ., 242 F.3d 219, 223 (4th Cir. 2001). As the record here contains no evidence regarding this factor, we look to “(1) the degree of control that the State exercises over the entity or the degree of autonomy from the State that the entity enjoys; (2) the scope of the entity’s concerns—whether local or statewide—with which the entity is involved; and (3) the manner in which State law treats the entity.” district court’s Id. at 224. conclusion that We discern no error in the these considerations, on balance, weigh in favor of RCDSS functioning as an arm of the state. We therefore affirm the district court’s sovereign immunity determination. Next, Kincaid challenges the district court’s dismissal of her due process and state-law causes of action against the Board members in their individual capacities for failure to state a claim. failure We to review state de a novo claim, a district accepting 4 court’s the dismissal complaint’s for factual allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in the nonmoving party’s favor. Kensington Volunteer Fire Dep’t v. Montgomery Cty., 684 F.3d 462, 467 (4th Cir. 2012); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). To survive a motion to dismiss, the complaint’s factual allegations “must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). Bell Atl. Corp. v. Under this standard, bare legal conclusions “are not entitled to the assumption of truth” and are insufficient to state a claim. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). We agree with the district court that Kincaid failed to state a claim against the individual Board members with respect to any of her causes of action. First, because Kincaid held her supervisory position with RCDSS on a probationary basis, she had no constitutionally protected property interest in continuing to hold that position. See Bd. of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577 (1972); Andrew v. Clark, 561 F.3d 261, 269 (4th Cir. 2009). As a result, the Board’s decision to demote to her temporarily a nonsupervisory position violate the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. Kincaid adequately state a due process claim did not Nor did concerning a protected liberty interest, for she failed to allege that any Board member made public the reasons for her demotion. 5 See Sciolino v. City of Newport News. Va., 480 F.3d 642, 645-46 (4th Cir. 2007). Similarly, members the published absence a false of an statement undermines her defamation claim. S.E.2d 203, 206-07 (Va. allegation about that the Kincaid Board fatally See Jordan v. Kollman, 612 2005). Furthermore, Kincaid’s allegations against the Board members do not remotely approach the level of outrageousness necessary to sustain a claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress under Virginia law. See Russo v. White, 400 S.E.2d 160, 162 (Va. 1991). Consequently, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of all claims against the Board members in their individual capacities. Finally, Kincaid argues that the district court erred by granting summary judgment to RCDSS and the Board on her Title VII claims, and to Anderson on all claims directed against him. We review judgment. Cir. 2015). de novo a district court’s order granting summary Harris v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 784 F.3d 954, 962 (4th Summary judgment is appropriate only where “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” 56(a). Fed. R. Civ. P. In determining whether a genuine issue of material fact exists, we view the facts, and draw all reasonable inferences therefrom, in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Smith v. Gilchrist, 749 F.3d 302, 307 (4th Cir. 2014). 6 In reviewing this issue, we first conclude that the district court committed no reversible error by declining to consider Kincaid’s Defendants’ motions interrogatory judgment responses interrogatory for answers purposes, here are not summary R. Civ. properly when ruling judgment. appropriate Fed. were responses P. materials Although for 56(c)(1)(A), attested, and on summary Kincaid’s the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to accept them. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(3), (5); Nader v. Blair, 549 F.3d 953, 963 (4th Cir. 2008) (stating standard of review). We further agree with the district court that the other evidence in the record fails to establish a genuine dispute of material fact with regard to any of Kincaid’s remaining claims, and we thus affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court. We dispense contentions with are oral argument adequately because presented in the facts and the materials legal before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED 7

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